30S 
March 11, 
TMK RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Department of Agriculture will explain 
the situation: 
As you know, the name “Miracle” is 
used interchangeably with others, such as 
“Mummy,” Sevenheaded,” “Egyptian,” etc., 
to designate the group known as Triticum 
compositum. To this group belongs also 
the “Alaska,” which nearly three years ago 
was offered at the exorbitant price of $20 
per bushel and was pronounced a fake. A 
number of years ago, however, a variety 
of wheat called “Miracle” was brought to 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every Query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬ 
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not 
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only 
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
FIRE BLIGHT AND HOW TO TREAT IT. 
A. M. P., Providence, It. /.—I send you a 
section of one of my Baldwin apple trees 
with the hope that you may be able to tell 'our attention by a Mr. K. B. Stoner,^ of 
me what the trouble is. In my orchard, 
which was planted two years ago, are nine 
Baldwins, seven of which are affected more 
or less with the disease you will note on 
sample; all other trees seem free except 
one B. I. Greening in next row. Trees 
were sprayed in Spring of 1909 with soluble 
oil from a knapsack sprayer, in Summ 
with Bordeaux and arsenate of lead, in' 
Winter 1909-10 with soluble oil, and last 
Spring with lime-sulphur. In view of the 
fact that the trouble shows only where 
first limbs were taken off, it seems likely 
to me that the disease was carried from 
tree to tree by the nurseryman’s knife. I 
would like to save trees if possible, but will 
remove them if any danger to other trees. 
Ans. —The sample received indicates 
Virginia, who claimed to have produced it 
in a miraculous manner, that is, as the 
result of prayer that he might discover 
or in some way produce an extraordinary 
profitable wheat; hence the name “Mir¬ 
acle.” This wheat was afterwards cx- 
de plotted by promoters. This variety does 
er iiot belong to the group T. compositum 
lA'oefore mentioned, but is closely related to 
the soft Winter wheats of the Atlantic 
Coast, of which Fultz, Fulcaster, etc., are 
leading types. From our experiments with 
Mr. Stoner’s variety we have found it to 
be satisfactory, but particularly for the 
region where it was first grown; it does 
not merit the extravagant claims made for 
it. It is a little better, perhaps, than the 
varieties grown in Virginia and vicinity 
only because it was a carefully selected 
strain. WM. A. Taylor, 
Acting Chief of Bureau. 
There you have the substance of it. 
that the chief disease affecting the trees . 
. , r ... , . , , The gram offered at a high figure may 
has been fire blight, a disease caused iy ^ “Alaska” or this other wheat 
bacteria. It is usually brought into an which as we see is a good variety, but not 
orchard either by insects or by infected up to the extravagant claims made for it. 
nursery stock. The usual method of get- Of course you know oui advice—let it 
ting into the larger limbs is by way of 
the sappy water sprouts, which are es¬ 
pecially susceptible to attack, and for this 
reason they should be kept rubbed off 
as thoroughly as possible if blight is 
present in the orchard. The disease is 
alone or buy a small quantity and test 
it. Do not plunge on any such claims. 
Seed Potatoes and Scab. 
Will you tell me what is the matter with 
the soil in my garden? The potatoes are 
covered with a scab, a regular network 
over them, as well as the beets, in the 
also commonly transferred by pruning ^ be sanie garden and very near the potatoes 
tools, as suspected by the correspondent, and beets, but are not affected in the least. 
This transfer is readily prevented by 
sterilizing the tools after any cut into 
infected wood, and also between trees 
as a further precaution. The steriliza- 
We find no grubs, and it is not that they 
are grub-eaten ; it just seems to be a scab. 
New York. G. 
The potatoes are troubled with scab—- 
a skin disease which spreads through 
germs. Those germs are carried on the 
seed potatoes and also live in the soil, 
tion may be done with the sublimate so- While they are alive on the -seed and in 
, . i . ill t t • c the soil, the potatoes are likely to be 
hition mentioned below. Judging from sca bby. The way to do is to kill the germs 
the present sample, the blight is now on the seed potatoes before planting. Make 
1 .... sure if we can that they are not in the 
soil and avoid using lime or wood ashes 
with the potato crop. 
To kill the germs on the seed potatoes 
three plans are suggested. Dry sulphur 
scattered on the seed pieces as the potatoes 
are cut will kill many of the germs, but 
dead in the cankers and has been so for 
some time. This may be determined by 
the sharp line of division and the crack¬ 
ing of the bark between the dark sunken 
cankered areas and the living bark. 
is not so sure as soaking. This is done 
by taking one pint of formalin to 15 gal- 
There is present, however, some later Ions of water.' Enough of the water to 
r . r . ^ , , fill the barrel or tank can be used and a 
fungus infection that has been able to proper amount of formalin added to it. 
thi-ninrli rbp wmmrl mnserl hv the This formalin is a liquid which readily dis- 
get m through the wound caused Dy tne solves . The spcd may first be rinsed by 
blight canker. This may result in con- throwing water over it. It can then be 
. , , , ... £ ,, , , • „ thrown directly into the liquid and put into 
siderable rotting of the wood and in any a wire basket or bag and lowered down 
event will hinder healing unless properly into it^ Soak i^St. 110 Yt '‘So 
treated. There is no apparent need of this soaking before the seed is cut for 
losing any of the trees, however, unless g£““ nS on aTS eTop‘ win‘hi 
they have been too nearly girdled by cleaner unless there are germs in the soil. 
J Another way of treating the seed is by 
the cankers. fumigation. In this method the seed is put 
TliP rmtnmirv treatment for hlieht into the fumes of formalin instead of being 
I he customarj treatment ioi ungru j n it. The potatoes are put into a 
cankers should be used in this case, tight room where the air cannot get at 
. . . . ^ them. For 1,000 cubic feet of space a 
1 his consists in cutting out and thor- ]ai . g0 pan or earthen dish is prepared. 
ono-hlv remnvino- -ill dead and diseased Twenty-three ounces of permanganate of 
onghjy removing all (leaci ana aiseaseu potagh are put int0 tbis dish) tben t hree 
tissue back to sound living bark on all pints of formalin are poured over it. As 
. , , - ,_• .• „ soon as this is done get out of the room 
sides, and then sterilizing and painting at once . p 0 not breath the gas, but shut 
the wound. The sterilizing is done with the ^or right 
a solution of corrosive sublimate in 
water, about one to 1000. The corrosive 
sublimate can be obtained at drug stores 
in the form of tablets, one of which in 
a pint of water gives a solution of about 
the proper strength. The paint may be 
any pure lead paint mixed with pure 
linseed oil, but should not contain any 
turpentine or “dryer,” as the latter is 
injurious to the living tissues. It should 
be mixed thick enough so as not to 
run on the trunk, and if white lead is 
used, it may be darkened with powdered 
charcoal or lamp black until about the 
same color as the bark. j. p. stewart. 
What About “Miracle Wheat ?” 
This is part of a circular on “Miracle 
Wheat” sent us by a southern man who 
is evidently after free advertising. We 
arc often asked what this “miracle” is. 
As a straw in the wind indicative of 
oni thly plenty and the fruition of Biblical 
hopes to the effect that the earth will yet 
yj' Id its increase and blossom as the rose 
’while finding fulfilment under the great 
increase of light on irrigation and horti¬ 
culture, we proffer your readers a prac- 
tioal experiment herewith which bears the 
imprint of genuineness and possibility. The 
test was given by a real tiller of the soil. 
V’o merely quote a part of the conversa¬ 
tion as follows : 
The following letter from the U. S. 
will destroy the germs. This method is suit¬ 
able if there are many potatoes to be 
planted. For a smaller lot soaking will 
answer. 
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS 
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬ 
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good 
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment 
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special 
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old- 
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior 
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
L’AMORUAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie. N. Y 
i—150ACHKS. Genesee Valley 
grown. "Not the cheapest, but 
the best.” Never have had San 
Jose Scale. Established 1869. 
CDiri? GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO., 
CATALOG FREL 20 Maple St., Dansville, N. Y. 
TREES 
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock 
Acclimated to Northern climate. Always true to 
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery. Send 
forcatalog. L.M.EMPIE, Box A, Johnstown, N.Y 
Olympic Nature Nursery. 
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY. 
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬ 
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower 
Spirea, Trillium, Wild Lily-of-the-Valley, Ever 
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers 
Special Mail Collections—Ten plants for 50 cents: 
24 for $1, postpaid in the United States. Money 
hack if not satisfied. Make money orders payable 
to JOEL SHOMAKER, Nellita, Washington. 
McKAY’S Peach Trees- 
McKAY’S Dwarf Apple Trees- 
McKAY’S Acre Cherry Orchard, S15- 
McKAY’S Rose Bushes on their own roots- 
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals- 
MI 
If your plans for Spring include the planting of a home or com¬ 
mercial orchard, or the beautifying of your home grounds, send for 
The Stark Year Book 
for 1911 Volume II 
today (postage 10 cents)—you 
will find it of inestimable value; 
a book to be kept and referred 
to as you would a dictionary or 
an encyclopedia. 
The Stark Year Book for 1911 
is a practical, testimonialized, 
easy-to-understand text book for 
the planter of fruit trees or other 
products ot the nurseryman. It 
is understandable both to the 
experienced and the inexperienced 
alike. 
Within its covers are 31 full- 
page illustrations of fruits and 
flowers in natural colors, repre¬ 
senting 165 varieties and covering 
apple, crab apple, quince, pear, 
peach, apricot, cherry, plum, 
grape, currant, raspberry, black¬ 
berry, mulberry, dewberry, 
clenV&tis and roses. The re¬ 
maining 88 pages are devoted to 
descriptions and records of va¬ 
rieties and to information on all 
subjects directly related to fruit 
growing, such as planting and 
caring for an orchard, pruning, 
cultivation, cover crops etc., etc. 
Another New Book 
“The Wonderful Apple Stark 
Delicious” is another new book 
(just off the press) that you 
should have. It tells the wonder¬ 
ful story and record of Stark 
Delicious, the most remarkable 
apple ever known to apple his¬ 
tory; it also describes, illustrates 
and prices a goodly. number of 
specially good things in all classes 
of fruit that you should plant this 
Stark Bro’s Nurseries & Orchards Co. 
(22 ) Box 35, Louisiana, Missouri 
spring. This book sent free. 
Stark Trees 
for 86 years have been the 
standard by which all other trees 
are measured. Stark Trees have 
stood the supreme test of planting 
for more than 3-4 of a century— 
on their merits alone they have 
made us friends and customers 
by thoivsands in every tree-plant¬ 
ing community in the country. 
Stark Trees are the kind of 
trees that will please you—that 
will make you the best and most 
profitable orchard. They are 
grown right, sold at fair prices 
and do what they are expected 
to do—live and bear good fruit. 
Our Stock 
for spring is complete, the assortment 
unbroken, the varieties the best of the 
best, including Stark Delicious, Black 
Ben, & Stayman Winesap apples, etc., 
Alton, Krummel Oct., and the Elberta 
family of peaches; the world’s best 
grapes, Eclipse, King Philip, Delicious 
and others. The best of the sweet and 
sour cherries, small fruits, roses, orna¬ 
mentals, shade trees., etc. Any variety 
in any class of stock that is worthy of 
growing and planting you will find in 
our stock. We have everything in the 
fruit tree line and the best of the hardy 
ornamentals. 
Whether or not you are ready to 
place your order, send for The Stark 
Year Book for 1911 (postage 10 cents) 
and “The Wonderful Apple Stark De¬ 
licious” (sent free). You will find much 
in these two books to interest you; they 
will help you to a better understanding 
of what trees should be and why Stark 
Trees are everything trees can be. 
H 
Seeds, Plants, Roses, 
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, 
etc. Hundreds of car lots 
Of FRUIT and ORNA¬ 
MENTAL TREES. 1,200 
acres, 50 in hardy Roses, 
none better grown. 44 
greenhouses of Palms, 
Ferns, Ficus, Gerani¬ 
ums and other things too 
numerous to mention. 
Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, 
etc.,by mail, postpaid. Safe arrival and satisfac¬ 
tion guaranteed. Immense stock of SUPERB 
GANNAS, the queen of bedding plants. Acres 
of Paeonias and other Perennials. 50 choice 
collections cheap In Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. 
Elegant 168-page Catalog FREE. Send for it 
today and see what values we give for your 
money. Direct deal will secure you the best at 
first cost. 57 years. "°) 
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box l59»PainesviIle*0. 
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME 
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE 
I will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted 
California Privet hedge plants to go around -your 
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per 
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. It. 
station at Salisbury, Mil. Measure distance around 
your grounds, see how little it costs and send youa 
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland 
Black's Peach Trees-1911 
Treec arp nnp nf rwtr sncHaltios—we 
$ 
4 .j* Peach Trees are one of our specialties—wet 
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our 
& t'VrtrfiP trees, however, cost litt'e, if any, more than the 
ordinary sort—we employ no agents, but selJ^ 
* direct,saving middleman’s profits.* r i ■ ■ 
New bxiklet, “Springtime aniVaIll3DIB 
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free. g q q \r |g|* 
I 
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co 
r a a. wiuvni w. 
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey^ Jg jjj. pj-ag 
Sent* Us Your Name 
574 
and address; if you ntend buying vl “« s . 
or shrubs for Spring plantmg. " e » 11 
V promptly mail you Free a copy of° lr J* u , 
ble book containing some great bargains in 
high grade nursery stock. We save you the 
agent's commission. 
We grow our own stock and guarantee 1 .. 
AT,LEX I,. WOOD, Woodlawn K« r M‘ rl *'> 
Culver Hoad KocheMor, h. Y. 
Fruit Trees at $6.48 lor 100 
WE OROW THE TREES WE SELL, which 
arc the best known for garden and or. 
1 chard. Frevh dnp, true to name, no scale, 
no risk. Personal attention given each 
order. Send us a list of yonr wants for 
wholesale prices. Everybody write for 
free illustrated catalogue. 
I APPLE TREES, 1 McIntosh and 1 
5 llanana, sent postpaid for 25 cents. 
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 Darnsvillc, N. Y. 
FRUIT TREES 
and 
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry 
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CG. 
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
FRUIT TREES 
Our Proof to date after years of service is that 
we can save you not only money, but disap¬ 
pointment when your trees begin to fruit. 
This Proof will be submitted with our new 
catalog —ask for it today. * * * * * 
H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. Y, 
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS. 
We ] 
tioi 
the i 
bargain ..—-- . . . 
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. 
NO. 1, FOR $6.00 
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud 
10 Jonathan Apple, I year 2 to 3 feet 
NO. 5, FOR $10.00 
10(1 Apple, select,, 1 year, 3 to four feet 
10 Spitzonberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty 
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan 
McKAV’S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton 
Me KAY’S Catalogue tells about them—and more 
>W. L. McKay, Geneva, N. Y. BoxR. 
NO. 6, FOR $16.00 
100 Cherry, 2 year from hud, 5 to 0 feet 
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency 
10 Dyehouse 
NO. 4, FOR $8.00 
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year 
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap 
NO. 7, FOR $15.00 
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 0 feet first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet 
. . . ORDER ANY" OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . . 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI 
