1911. 
323 
Ruralisms 
FINE POINTS OF SPRAYING. 
Find out what you are going to spray 
for. Find out the best remedy for 
that particular trouble. Find out proper 
time to apply that remedy most effective¬ 
ly. Lastly, make the application in the 
most thorough manner. Strict attention 
to the above essential points makes the 
difference between success or failure in 
spraying. The average farmer who has 
not had a live interest in fruit growing 
is likely to fall down upon one and usu¬ 
ally more than one of the above proposi¬ 
tions. Spraying is coming to be a more 
exact science as the life history of the 
various insect and fungous troubles is 
being worked out, and the best time to 
combat them most effectively found. A 
careful reading of experiment station 
and United States Department of Agri¬ 
culture bulletins upon these subjects will 
furnish the most up-to-date information, 
and is essential for intelligent results. 
The worst pest of the apple grower 
is the larva of the Codling moth—the 
chief cause of wormy apples. Best reme¬ 
dy, arsenate of lead, two to three pounds 
to 50 gallons of water. Best time to 
apply, just as last blossom petals are 
dropping. Spraying must be finished by 
10 days after that date. Every calyx 
cup should be hit by the poison spray. 
Another spraying could be given two 
or three weeks later, but results ob¬ 
tained last two or three years indicate 
that if this first spraying was made at 
proper time and thoroughly done, Cod¬ 
ling moth would be effectively controlled. 
Apple scab, commonly called “fungus,” 
in years favorable for its development 
often causes severe loss. Apples should 
be sprayed with lj4 gallons of concen¬ 
trated lime-sulphur solution to 50 of 
water, just before blossoms open; two 
pounds of arsenate of lead added if leaf¬ 
eating larvae are present. The same 
mixture can be used at the time of spray¬ 
ing for Codling moth, and will also 
protect against the scab and control the 
Codling moth at the same time. An¬ 
other spraying with the same mixture 
should be applied three to four weeks 
later.. These three sprayings should be 
effective in controlling Codling moth, 
leaf-eating larvae and apple scab. 
B. d. v. B. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
Transplanting Young Trees. 
H. H. Palestine, Ohio .—I have an old or¬ 
chard of apples set 30 feet each way, with 
young trees set in the square in 1902. The 
man who owned it then supposed by the 
time they got a start, the old ones would 
be out of the way, but /nstead they are as 
thrifty as they were then. It is in sod. 
They are shading the young trees so they 
cannot do any good. I have a place I could 
P u ^ them where I took out some plums. 
Could they be transplanted with safety? I 
don t like to lose them. When would be 
the best time? Would like your advice 
setting dwarf apples for fillers. Would it 
be better to blow the plum stumps out or 
dig them, as the trees would have to go in 
the same place to keep them straight in 
rows. b 
An.—T he eight-year-old apple trees 
can be dug out and transplanted. This 
will save some years with a new or¬ 
chard. We dig around such trees so 
as to leave a bunch of earth about as 
large as a bushel basket around the 
roots. The top is cut back one-half to 
two-thirds. The tree can then be put on 
a stone boat and hauled to the place 
of new planting. Dig a hole a trifle 
larger than the bunch of earth on the 
roots, and plant the tree an inch or 
more deeper than it stood in the old 
place. Pack earth around it and pound 
it down hard, being very careful not to 
leave any space around the roots. When 
planted throw a good mulch of manure, 
straw or similar stuff around the tree. 
Be careful not to rub the bark off in 
transplanting. Trees 15 to 20 years old 
are successfully moved in this way. The 
best time is in early Spring, while the 
trees are dormant and the soil is moist. 
We should blow out the plum stumps. 
We do not favor dwarf apples as fillers. 
Apples for Virginia. 
R., Danville, I a .—What kind and how 
many of each kind of apples should be 
planted for home consumption in Piedmont. 
^ lr SUiia, light C-ndy soil, clay sub-soil, on 
a piece of ground that will set 40 trees, 
oO feet apart each way, and how prepare 
the land to set them, in the Fall of 1911? 
. Ans. Almost any of the ordinary va¬ 
rieties of fruits will succeed in the 
Piedmont region of Virginia. The 
method of handling the land as it has 
been described is very good, and it 
ought to be in fair condition now. After 
the oats are cut next Summer cow peas 
should be put in with a drill, in rows 
about 30 inches apart and cultivated 
twice. I his will make a crop of forage 
that should be worked into the ground 
before the trees are set next Fall. As a 
family orchard is desired I would sug¬ 
gest that the distance apart for setting 
the trees be 25 by 25 feet rather than 
30 feet. This will give opportunity for 
more than 40 trees and occupy the 
ground more fully than at the greater 
distance. And really 30 feet is too far 
apart for trees for about 15 or 20 years, 
and then they will get to be too close. 
But in planting the trees 25 feet apart 
they must be thinned by digging out a 
part of the trees as crowding begins. 
The proper way to do this is to remove 
every other row diagonally, which will 
make those remaining a little over 35 
feet apart. It is supposed that this or¬ 
chard is to serve as one for home use 
chiefly and any surplus fruit is to be 
sold. Of the Summer and Fall varie¬ 
ties but few trees of each will be needed 
and the larger part of the Winter kinds. 
The following list will suit the case in 
question: Yellow Transparent, two; 
Early Harvest, two; Liveland Rasp¬ 
berry, two; Golden Sweet, two; Fanny, 
two; Jefferis, two; Fall Pippin, two; 
Ortley, two; Grimes, four; Jonathan, 
five; Winesap, five; Stayman,-five; York 
Imperial, five. If more than these 40 
trees listed are planted, which may be 
done by the plan of using fillers as sug¬ 
gested, the addition should be more trees 
of the last five varieties named. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Grape Disease in Mexico. 
,. N ' , R-, Tampico, Mexico.—We are 
situated in the state of Vera Cruz about 
60 miles south of the great seaport of 
Tampico; living on a very large island be¬ 
tween the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Tami- 
akua, which takes its waters from toe 
gulf and therefore is salty. The island at 
thi3 point is about 3% miles wide and the 
soil is a dark sandy loam, evidently 
washed in by the gulf and the subsequent 
decaying of tropical vegetation, the surface 
being from one to four feet deep in de¬ 
cayed vegetable matter, the whole being 
covered mostly with tropical timber and 
jungle. We have set our grapes brought 
from California and after a year’s growth 
they seem to be doing no good, having 
thrown out shoots only about a foot in 
length. They will start nice and green and 
In a short time the leaves will tyrn brown 
and soon fall off, and then start again; 
thus the strength all goes to renewing the 
leaves and the vines do not make much 
growth. As there are many wild grape¬ 
vines full of grapes in this vicinity we 
cannot understand why the tame ones fail. 
Our plants are set about 100 yards from 
the lake shore, and exposed to the lake 
breeze, which is a salty one. Do you 
think this would affect their growth? As 
the soil is full of shells (there should be 
an abundance of lime, and we cannot un¬ 
derstand why they blight so. 
Ans.— It is my opinion that these 
grapevines are suffering from downy 
mildew, as the situation is low and moist, 
one greatly favoring such disease, and 
the vines are of the Vinifera class, 
the most subject to that disease, and the 
“symptoms” described fit the effects of 
that fungus. Thorough spraying with 
Bordeaux Mixture, beginning with th£ 
growing season and administering every 
10 days during rainy weather will hold 
it off, if it be that disease. 
Texas. t. v. munson. 
“Your buckwheat cakes, dear,” said 
the young husband, “are fine, but this 
syrup is utterly unlike any I ever tasted 
before. “It must be all right, George,” 
said the young wife. ‘ Pgot it out of 
that tin can on the top shelf in the pan¬ 
try.” ^ “Ah, that explains it, dearie. 
That’s a can of carriage varnish.”—Chi¬ 
cago Tribune. 
Spray and Make 
Your Crop a Success 
You can practically determine in advance the amount of perfect 
fruit or vegetables if you spray regularly with 
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead 
(in Powdered Form) 
Its (guaranteed) 32^-33% arsenic oxide — twice the strength of other brands—kills 
all leaf-eating insects at once, but the newest foliage will not be harmed because Electro 
contains less than of 1 % water-soluble arsenic. Electro is the only successful dry 
arsenate of lead because it is the only one in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. Mixes 
instantly with water and remains long in suspension ; or can be used as a dust. Rains 
cannot wash it off. 
Tests by Conn, and N. J. Agri. Exper. Stations prove its value—send for these. 
Write, too, for our folders on Electro Arsenate of Lead and on Lime-Sulph;zr 
Solution—of greatest interest and value to all orchardists and truck 
growers. 
If your dealer cannot supply, write us for prices, proofs and 
name of nearest distributor, 
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO. 
32 Church Street, New York 
SPRAY £2°P. t r e . < l b . y N.V. State Fruit Growers’ Assn 
urnw I IT WILL F AX YOU TO USE EITHER. 
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS mo AGENTS WANTED 
KEY BRAND 
RIGHT PRICE and MATERI AL 
^FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE^ 
T 
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO." 
14 BAYVIE.W AVE..JERSEY CITY N J 
WRITE FOR PRICES.CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED^ 
"ONE FOR AIL," No. I 
DEATH TO inetCTS . FUNGI 
Barrels, 425 lbs_ _05c per IS' 
X Bbls.,200 Ibs...-^. 
100 lbs - . -at t.' 
50 lbs.. m , , - . naifv o 
25 Ibt .08 — 
r O. B NEW YORK; 
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur 
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray. 
Aft Insecticide & Fungicide. 
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus? 
WRITE FOR BOOKLET. 
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY 
£stabUshed 1882. 
[51 Front Street. Nerr York 
TO KILL 
San Jose Scale 
USE 
Bergenport Brand Sublimed 
Flowers of Sulohur 
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash 
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to 
BEKGKNPOBI SULPHUR WORKS 
T. & S. C. White Co., 100 William St.. NY.. 
GETTHE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns 
big profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE | 
is a good pump. As 
• practical fruit grow- 
) ers we were using common 
sprayers in our own orchards 
—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a large scaie. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog 
and Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich. 
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND 
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR. 
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE. 
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money 
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One 
gallon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to 
twenty gallons of spray. 
Terms:—In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal. 
We would refer you to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or 
Prof. Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College. 
They will tell you there is nothing better. 
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN. 
Spray 30 Acres a Day 
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines 
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do 
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well as 
on rop. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard 
work. Spray trees by hand. Easy to maintain 160 
ponnds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60 
gallon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray 
pump made. Spray pipes fold up—yon can 
drive close to trees and in narrow places. 
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re¬ 
quirements, and 1 know the Perfection is 
right. Over lOOO in use, 
all giving satisfaction. 
Write for Free Catalog. 
Don’t buy any sprayer 
till it comes. 
THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box 45, Hightstown, H.J. 
You Can Depend on These Sprayers 
Don’t waste your money on uncertain sprayers the 
kind that are often out of order. The 
largest fruitgrowers use the “Ilardie” 
because it’s a sprayer with the 
trouble left out. 
This Ilardie No. 
2 PowerSprayer 
has 150 gal .tank, 
all brass pump, 
1J h. p. engine. 
Weight750lbs. 
Price $ 180 . 00 . 
The 
Ilardie Sprayers 
are made in 25 different sizes and 
styles; prices$3.60to$360. Our cat¬ 
alogue describes these sprayers, 
and shows you the best way to 
spray. It’s free. Send for a copy. 
THE II Alt DIE MFG. CO. 
942 Mechanic St., Hudson, Mich, 
also 49 No. Front 8t«, Portland, Ore. 
Hand Outfit 
STAR 
SAVES 
TIME 
LABOR 
and 
Sows evenly. No need W' SEED 
to wait for quiet day. _ 
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc. 
J wo sizes: 14 ft. and lfi ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satis- 
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer 
doesnot handle the “STAR” write us for booklet. 
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville. N. Y. 
WHEELBARROW 
SEEDER 
SPRAYERS™ FREE TRIAL 
NO ■ MONET - IN - ADVANCE — NO 
BANK DEPOSIT — PAY AFTER IT 
-- ■ HAS PAID FOR ITSELF 
LET US SEND YOU ANY OF THESE SPRAYERS—to try for 10 days, 
then if you buy, you can pay us cash or we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then 
you can pay us out of the “extra profit” We pay freight. Wholesale dealers’prices. 
Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer. 
Sprays “anything” — potatoes or truck. 4 rows at a 
time. Also first-class tree sprayer. Vapor spray pre¬ 
vents blight, bugs, scab and rot from cutting your crop 
in half. High pressure from big wheel. Pushes easy. 
Spray arms adjust to any width or height of row. Cheap 
strong and durable. G UAKA NTKKD FOR 
IIVL FULL YEARS. Needn’t-send-a-centto get it “on 
trial. You can get one free if you are first in your locality. 
Write today. 
Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer. 
For big growers. Most powerful machine made. 60 to 
100 gallon tank for one or two horses. Steel axle. One- 
piece-heavy-angle-iron frame, cypress wood tank with 
adjustable round Iron hoops. Metal wheels. “Adjust¬ 
able” spray arms and nozzles. Brass ball-valves, plun¬ 
ger, strainer, etc. Big pump gives vapor spray. War¬ 
ranted for five years. Try this machine at our expense 
mth your money xn your pocket." See free offer below. 
Write today. 
Fltz-All Barrel Sprayer. 
Fits any barrel or tank. Higli pressure, 
S erfect agitation, easy to operate. Brass 
all-valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Auto¬ 
matic strainer. No “cup leathers or rub¬ 
ber’’ about any of our sprayers. Furn¬ 
ished plain, mount^l on barrel, or on 
wheels as shown. Pive year guarantee. 
It don’t cost you “o cent ” to try it in your 
orchard. Get one free. See below. 
Write today. 
r E* Y°u can Ke t a Hurst Sprayer absolutely free 
* - r If you are the first in your locality this season 
_to send for one of our sprayers for trial. 
You need do no canvassing or soliciting. It 
will only take 15 minutes of your time. We do the work. 
When you get a sprayer from us you get the benefit of our 
24 years experience in manufacturing sprayers. Hurst 
Sprayers won the gold medal at the National Horticultural 
Congress spraying machine contest. Send us a postal or 
mark the attached coupon and mail it to us and we will 
, send you our fine catalog, spraying guide, and will tell you 
, _ how you can get a sprayer free. Don’t delay, write us at 
once for our free eprayer proposition and save money. 
H. L. HURST MFC. CO, 284 North St., Canton, Ohio 
. L. HURST MFO. CO., 234 North St., Canton, O. 00111)011 
Send me your Catalog,Spraying Guide and “special liIlMrllll — 
ler” on the sprayer marked with an X below. uuul ul ' 
Fill Out and 
Sand todaj 
H. L. HURST MFG. CO., 2R4 North St., Canton, O. 
offer’ 
.Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer. 
.Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer. 
.Fltz-All Barrel Sprayer. 
.4-Wheel Orchard Sprayer. 
NAME. 
ADDRESS. 
