THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1911 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL MEETING. 
Part II. 
Pecan culture in Georgia and Florida 
came in for a good share of attention, and 
papers were read by J. B. Wight and H. K. 
Miller on the subject, each for his own 
State, respectively. Remarks were also 
made by others, regarding these sections 
and the alluvial regions of the Mississippi 
Valley. There is no doubt that pecan 
growing is on a sure footing. The best of 
all pecans are grown In the Gulf States, 
Georgia and the Carolinas. The varieties 
originated there arc too tender in tree and 
too late in ripening their nuts to succeed 
in the North. But there are types of the 
pecan and a few varieties have been se¬ 
lected from them that are hardy In Vir¬ 
ginia, Ohio and westward to Kansas. In 
the Wabash bottoms of Indiana and else¬ 
where in that latitude there are gigantic 
pecan trees growing in the forests of the 
rich bottom lands. That in future pecan 
growing will be extended northward is quite 
probable, but only through the hardy types. 
“Orchard Heating" was the subject of 
a very good paper by Prof. W. L. Howard 
of Missouri. The benefits were very plainly 
shown by references to many commercial 
tests of the system. Mineral oil from 
which the gasoline had been taken was 
found to be the best to use, although there 
are coal burners that have been found prac¬ 
tical. There must be heaters used that will 
burn all night without replenishing the 
oil, to save trouble in the night. From 
Missouri and Kansas several most excellent 
results were stated by those who had tried 
orchard heating to save their apple and 
other fruit crops and similar cases in 
several other States were mentioned. Orch¬ 
ard heating seems to be a fixed and prac¬ 
tical business. 
Orange culture in Florida was thoroughly 
treated in all its phases and by experts in 
every one of them. The Citrus orchard 
pests occupied a considerable part of the 
attention, because they are numerous and 
hard to fight. The white fly is one of the 
worst of them and yet it is now being 
destroyed by a class of natural enemies, or 
certain fungi that prey upon the young 
larva of this insect. The leaves are often 
covered with the fungus spots that have 
grown where the insects had been, giving 
an ugly brown appearance to the foliage, 
but this is far better than the insect pest 
that was sucking the life from the tree. 
“Fertilizers for Oranges” was treated by 
E. O. Painter of Florida, and he gave a 
very good history of the whole business 
from the first efforts of the early settlers 
in budding over the wild orange trees in 
the hammocks to the most recent methods. 
From the naturally fertilized soil of the 
hammocks to the poor pine land changed 
by chemicals and soiling crops, he told the 
story of progress. Potash, phosphorus and 
nitrogen wisely used is the basis of the 
whole thing as we now see it. Cultivation 
is very necessary at times and on certain 
soils, but an abundance of properly balanced 
plant food is the backbone of modern 
orange culture in Florida. It makes the 
sweet, juicy orange that we all love to 
eat. 
The proper gathering, handling and 
packing of oranges was another Important 
part of the discussion. By the most care¬ 
ful clipping of the fruit from the trees, the 
avoidance of all rough handling and the 
most conscientious grading and packing 
there is being placed on the market the 
best oranges that are found in any part of 
the world and with only a fraction of one 
per cent, of loss. The Florida Citrus Ex¬ 
change is a powerful factor in the fruit 
world and a blessing to the growers. 
“Keeping Quality of Apples,” by Prof. W. 
R. Lazenby of Ohio, was a very interesting 
subject and ably treated. He gave the re¬ 
sults of some experiments in early and late 
gathering of the same varieties from the 
same trees at different times, and their 
examination later. The conclusion was that 
the very early gathered apples and those 
gathered rather late, kept better than those 
gathered between these two conditions. 
Those gathered very early lost in w.eight 
and were of poor flavor. Those gathered 
very late, after the color was well devel¬ 
oped, were the best in every way. The 
inference is clear but the facts that con¬ 
front us are that we cannot gather all the 
crop at the ideal time and great care must 
be used to do the best possible under the 
circumstances after clearly understanding 
the principal involved. There were several 
invitations from places at which to hold 
the next meeting but all were referred to 
the Executive Committee. Washington, D. 
C., was thought to be a good place. The 
old officers were elected almost without a 
change. H. a. van deman. 
Removing Trees With Dynamite. —In 
clearing laud I have used dynamite under 
some apple trees 16 inches in diameter 
with good results. Three sticks of the ex¬ 
plosive lifted some of them (whole trees) 
out of the ground bodily, an expense of 40 
cents, about, so applied accomplishing as 
much as two men could effect in several 
hours of hard work, or more likelv, half 
Q day. fc. 
Manhasset, L. I. 
Western Tomato Yields. 
Friend Cook’s article (page 100) is in¬ 
teresting. There is no plant grown by us 
that gives more pleasure along with 
profit than does the tomato. Ills state¬ 
ment of receipts per acre running from 
$300 to $G00 may seem high to the casual 
reader, but to those familiar with tomato 
yields it is not so. 1 presume his sales 
were in the markets. I have grown them 
to yield over 500 bushels per acre; three 
acres grown for the cannery brought .$345, 
or $115 per acre. The yield was over 49 
tons, or 101-3 tons per acre. This was 
what was delivered at the cannery. There 
were some sold in the markets, both early 
and late in the season, when the cannery 
could not handle them. Of these no ac¬ 
counts were kept, but I know they would 
have brought the receipts per acre up to 
$150. This lot contained 0500 plants, set 
4 % feet by 4(4 feet, and cultivated both 
ways with a harrow-tooth cultivator. The 
ground was gone over once a week until 
the vines wellnigh covered the ground. 
Our aim was to keep a loose surface to 
retain moisture. A killing frost came the 
last of October, and I believe fully one- 
fourth as many green tomatoes were on 
the vines as were gathered. My plan of 
handling plants is somewhat the same as 
his, only I grow ours in a hotbed and use 
cold frames for hardening them before 
putting them out in the open. I first. 
reset the young plants in the warm bed, 
and when the weather will admit I trans¬ 
plant the second time in the cold frame, 
where the plant remains till time for out¬ 
door setting. I never allow my plants to 
become chilled, as such plants never re¬ 
cover. In transplanting either in the 
beds or outdoors I do not. want a plant 
to wither at all. 
For our very early market tomatoes we 
protect the young plant from cutworms, 
frost or cold winds by placing over them 
a tin can with both top and bottom re¬ 
moved. At the cannery are many defective 
tin cans; I secure these at my leisure, re¬ 
move the ends and when planting place 
one over each plant, pressing it slightly in 
the soil. These are not removed till the 
next Spring, when the vines are taken off. 
These cans will serve for two years. No 
plants are lost by doing this. The shoots 
coming out at the axil of the leaf are re¬ 
moved at first to give the first fruits a 
chance, and all through the season much 
superfluous growth is removed to admit 
air and sunshine. I begin selling early to¬ 
matoes about July 25, fully two weeks 
ahead of time. Prices then range from 10 
cents down to four cents per pound as the 
season advances. I aim to have each plant 
produce at least 15 pounds of market¬ 
able tomatoes; have had in a few cases 
30 pounds. One season I sold my entire 
early crop at 10 cents per pound. 
Seed must be selected if one wants 
progress. In getting a new variety I 
save the first ripening fruits if well formed 
so as to have seed of this kind for several 
years (four at least). In this way there 
is no crossing. I save seed from the 
fruits bearing the bisexual mark; few 
people know anything about this. Next 
fruiting season look at the scar on the 
tomato where the blossom was, and see if 
you can detect a difference. One thing 
more; we never grow tomatoes on the same 
soil more than twice. They exhaust soil 
very much. A fourth crop cannot be made 
a success on the same land. 
j. n. HAYNES. 
Indiana. 
Second-growth Timothy. 
Last Fall my meadow (Timothy) made 
quite a second growth, but not sufficient to 
admit of cutting a rowen crop; is it ad¬ 
visable to burn over this growth this 
Spring? If it were left, would it not clog 
the mower? b. m. q. 
Under the circumstances it will be better 
to burn off this growth of rowen, other¬ 
wise you could hardly get through with the 
mower. We would rather have clipped the 
second growth and let it remain on the 
field. 
Exterminating Thistles. 
A Timothy meadow that was seeded in 
the Fall of 1909, at the time of sowing 
wheat, has several patches of thistles grow¬ 
ing in it that were unknown as being there 
before. How will be the best way to pro- 
ced to exterminate them? H. B. s. 
Cuyahoga Co., O. 
Plowing and thorough culture with some 
level crop is best. If you want to cut the 
grass you can use a spade or a sharp 
spade and cut the thistles off below ground 
before they seed and put a handful of salt 
in the place. Keep this up and you will get 
them. 
The Himalaya Berry.— Referring to the 
Giant .Himalaya berry recently mentioned 
in The R. N.-Y., I grew this berry in west¬ 
ern Washington, where it is both a success 
and a favorite. We have also tried it here 
in western Pennsylvania. We get a fine 
growth, but the canes have winterkilled 
four successive Winters, and two of them we 
had the canes protected. We have con¬ 
cluded that it is worthless where there Is 
much hard freezing. b. v. e. 
Sharon, Pa. 
3S1 
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