March 18, 
370 
SUMMER SILAGE WITHOUT A SILO. 
Cured in the Stack. 
Part II. 
The expense of building a silo is the 
first objection that arises with many, 
when the subject of silage is mentioned, 
but it is not a matter that enters very 
largely into the expense of making silage 
from peas and oats and similar crops, 
for Summer feeding. A few rough 
boards or slabs, stood upright, and some 
stout planks for ribs or hoops to hold 
them in place, are all that are needed, 
simply a cage or rough crib, into which 
to pack the peas and oats whole, the 
sides being for no other purpose than 
to hold the stack in shape and allow 
of solid tramping about the edges. A 
stack 10 or 12 feet square, and that much 
or more in height, after settling, will 
hold a good many peas. The pile or 
stack can be placed outside or in the 
building, to suit the convenience of the 
parties interested, and where appearance 
is a consideration, material can be se¬ 
lected accordingly, but anything expen¬ 
sive is unnecessary. The cage should 
be built ahead of time, as during hot, 
dry weather peas mature more rapidly, 
and it is best to get them in while a 
considerable portion of the vines are 
still green, and before many of the peas 
get hard, as after that many of them 
pass through the cows whole, even after 
they have been subjected to the heat of 
the silage. In cutting the peas for si¬ 
lage, we made it a practice to start 
mower early in the morning while the 
vines were wet with dew. When peas 
are heavy and a large part of the 
vines still green, this is not necessary, 
but they dry out very quickly, and dur¬ 
ing dry, hot weather, working with a 
small force, it seemed more satisfactory 
to get them in fresh. 
Where one desires to get through with 
but little expense, few tools or machinery 
are really necessary; but the pea vines 
hang together, are heavy to handle, and 
where all the handling is to be done by 
hand, if the crop is pretty good, it will 
be found much easier, in the long run, 
to follow the mower, placing in 
moderate-sized bunches with a fork, in¬ 
stead of tangling up with a rake. The 
rake is quicker in a way, but handling 
afterward by hand is very much heav¬ 
ier work. On strong land, it is often 
* necessary, or, at least, much better and 
cleaner work in cutting the next swath 
can be done, if one follows the mower 
and cleans the track for the next trip 
as the vines hang together and fall 
over in the way. In handling peas in 
large quantities for silage, much hand 
labor can be saved by the use of side 
delivery rake, hay loader, slings and ca¬ 
ble car. In fact, in building a stack to 
considerable height (the higher the bet¬ 
ter, rather than broad and shallow) 
some arrangement should be made to 
elevate the peas in large bunches, even 
though the rest of the handling is done 
by hand. Where loading is all done by 
hand, if the peas are built up in tiers 
on the hay rack, beginning at the back 
end to load and unloading front front 
to back, making as many tiers as de¬ 
sired to make loads in unloading, a 
common hay fork does good work, as 
the vines hatjg together so well, a large 
section of a load can be cleaned up at 
one hoist."' ' 
On the stack, the bunches need not be 
all torn apart, but with care on the part 
of the man holding the trip-rope, the 
greater part can be dropped where want¬ 
ed, but enough should be spread to keep 
the stack fairly level, or slightly higher 
in the center, with edges tramped close 
to cage. The peas soon begin to heat 
and the stack grows in height much 
more slowly after the first day or two, 
as they settle rapidly, but after the last 
load is up, there should be a prompt set 
tlement of the whole matter. Rough 
boards or planks extending clear to the 
edge should be laid over the top, and on 
these a few loads of stones spread 
evenly, as if piled too much on one side 
they settle there more, which would 
have a tendency to open the opposite 
side, if carried too far. If stack is too 
high, the stones can be elevated m sling 
or box arranged for dumping with trip. 
As soon as the stack is well settled it 
is ready to open and begin feeding, and 
there is where the fun comes in. ,Clear 
off the stones and boards from a narrow 
strip of the top of the stack, at one 
edge, and cut down a slice with a hay 
knife, sufficient for one feeding. It will 
not take as much for the first feed as it 
will a few days later. More than once 
THE RURAL 
we have seen cows almost refuse to eat 
pea silage at first, but they soon learn 
to like it and the only difficulty is to 
get enough of it. Where stack is of 
good height it can be taken down in 
sections of a few feet at a time instead 
of slicing down the full height, or the 
entire face can be worked back, as it 
were, in terraces or steps, upon which 
to stand in slicing down. The silage 
comes out hot, a rich, dark brown, looks 
good, and is about as fine a feed of the 
kind as a man ever offered a cow. As 
it rolls up in layers it reminds one more 
of the advertisement of the mattresses 
than any other comparison I can make. 
Our pea silage has always been of much 
interest to visitors. One man, who was 
much taken with the idea, said it looked 
like plug tobacco, and tasted like it. 
He was not able to prove that by me, 
however. 
The matter of _ waste in putting up 
peas in this way is one that many will 
think of, but the fact is, that while at 
first, we cut off and threw away a por¬ 
tion about the edges, we found out 
afterward that it was not necessary. 
“Everything goes” has been almost true 
in our experience in feeding pea silage, 
the waste being hardly worth consider¬ 
ing, as after they once get to liking it, 
they clean up almost everything. Dur¬ 
ing a wet season, however, when the 
outside would become slimy and nasty, 
it might be different, ■out the proportion 
of waste would be slight. I do not 
think we lose any more about the edges, 
stacked in this way, than do the Way- 
land canneries, with their fancy silos, 
costing $250 or more each, and even 
from these the greater part about the 
edges thrown out as waste, or spoiled, 
makes good feed, and most of it would 
be cleaned up with the rest. We 
would no longer sow oats with peas, ex¬ 
cepting to cut for hay. We like buck¬ 
wheat better than oats, and rape better 
than either on good ground. We have 
fed rape alone in considerable quanti¬ 
ties, and for a long time, to know that 
the claims made, on theory only, that 
it would spoil milk or butter, are but 
imaginary. We fed it before milking, 
after milking, through the day, any 
time and in any way it was handy, and 
never a suspicion of taste or smell, or 
complaint from particular customers. 
ISAAC C. ROGERS. 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 
NEW-YORKER 
LICE ON CALVES. 
On page 143, M. H. B. asks for a method 
of killing lice on calves. The following 
was an experiment of my own: Take a 
pail nearly full of warm water, and put 
about one pint of ordinary kerosene in 
the water. Now take small wire tooth card 
(not a currycomb), and dip the same in 
the pail of water and kerosene, and begin 
at the head of calf, carding her entirely 
over. As soon as the head and neck are 
saturated, throw a blanket over the neck 
and head, and keep drawing it back as 
fast as the calf. is dampened with the ap¬ 
plication. This.is to keep the fumes of the 
kerosene confined and also to prevent calf 
from taking cold. The kerosene remains on 
the top of water and you will need to re¬ 
plenish it by another one-half pint or so 
of kerosene, until you have finished your 
job. Keep your calves covered until they 
are thoroughly dry. If your work is prop¬ 
erly done you will not find a live louse 
next day. I think it would be advisable 
to make an examination in about five days 
after to see if any nits have survived, but 
I never found any. c. l. g. b. 
Slingerlands, N. Y. 
The amount of care and labor involved 
are unnecessary Ordinary kerosene emul¬ 
sion simply sprayed on and rubbed in with 
a stiff brush proves effectual; but, like 
other treatments, has to be repeated in 10 
days to two weeks to kill new broods of 
lice. A better destroyer of lice is a de¬ 
coction of stavesacre seeds. Pour a quart 
of boiling water on one ounce of the seeds 
and allow to stand for 12 hours; then use 
the solution to saturate parts infested with 
lice. It is absolutely necessary to clean 
up, disinfect and whitewash the houses if 
cattle are to be kept permanently free from 
lice. a. s. a. 
Rickets. 
We have eight pigs, 21 weeks old, they 
are thriving extra well, except one, which 
has been getting stiff for the last three 
weeks. It walks from the nest to the 
trough, but is very stiff, its appetite is 
good; not constipated. I have given it 
castor oil and molasses. Their food has 
consisted of soft corn, oatmeal and fine 
middlings, with plenty of drink. I have 
also had apples, wood ashes and charcoal. 
Please advise what to do. m. 
Ontario Co., N. Y . 
Lack of exercise and overfeeding com¬ 
monly cause such conditions. Keep the pig 
out of that nest. Feed on slop of milk 
and middlings to which add lime water at 
rate of one ounce per quart. Continue to 
keep bowels active. The pig should get 
over the trouble if you can make it take 
abundant exercise to develop muscle. Pam¬ 
pering is deadly to hogs ; mixed rations and 
ample exercise induce health and obviate 
rickets. A. s. a. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick replv and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 
Cures Thrush. 
Sloan’s Liniment hascuredmany cases 
of thrush both in horses and catde. 
HERE’S PROOF. 
Mb. R. W. Parish, of Bristol, Ind., R. No. 2, 
writes: — “ I cured one of my horses of thrush. 
Her feet were rotten; the frogs came out; she 
laid down most of the time. I thought she would 
die, but 1 used the Liniment, and she never 
lies down in the daytime now.” 
SLOANS 
LINIMENT 
is the best remedy for any kind of horse 
lameness. You don’t have to rub — it 
penetrates. Price, 50 c. and $ 1 . 00 . 
Send for free book on stock. 
Dr. Earl S. Sloan, Boston, Mass. 
Price $ 10 and Up 
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204 E. Road. Crown Point, Ind. 
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• - f • 
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CHICAGO 
Drumm & Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
173-177 William Street 
MONTREAL 
14 & 16 Princess Street 
WINNIPEG 
1016 Western Avenue 
SEATTLE 
