THE; RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
307 
1911. 
ORCHARD FRUITS FOR PENNSYLVANIA. 
T. IV. S., North East , Pa. —In planting 
an orchard of sweet cherries, say 100 trees, 
what varieties are best, considering the pro¬ 
ductiveness and resistance to rot? In plant¬ 
ing the same number of dwarf apples what 
six or seven varieties would insure a suc¬ 
cession beginning with the earliest, also 
which stock is the better, Paradise or Dou- 
cln? The Delicious is boomed lately as a 
standard ; how is it as a dwarf, also King 
David and McIntosh? Is a steep, grav¬ 
elly hillside, sloping north toward the lake, 
likely to be too cold for peaches or too 
difficult to work? In an orchard of 300 or 
400 trees what kinds should predominate? 
How is the Gold Drop commercially, also 
Hill's Chili? Many growers here are set¬ 
ting out lots of prunes, Italian and York 
State ; are they apt to overdo it as to the 
market end? 
Ans.—I n planting 100 sweet cherry 
trees in northern Pennsylvania I would 
select Bing, Lambert, Schmidt and Na¬ 
poleon, using 25 trees of each. As to 
dwarf apple trees, any varieties can be 
used that are offered for sale, but the 
list of apple trees on the dwarf roots is 
not usually large. Red Astrachan, 
Fanny, Maiden Blush, Jonathan, Hub- 
bardston and Tompkins King would be 
a good selection, and might be in the 
list of dwarfs. The Doucin is a better 
stock than Paradise, being stronger in 
growth. Delicious is an excellent va¬ 
riety and would be good on dwarf stock, 
but it is doubtful if the propagators of 
dwarf trees have used it as yet. The 
same is true of King David, but Mc¬ 
Intosh, being an older variety, may be 
used in this way. 
I would not want to plant a peach 
orchard on a steep north slope next to 
the lake, although I have seen some 
very good peach orchards on land next 
to both lakes, Ontario and F,rie, on 
the northern borders of New York, 
Pennsylvania and Ohio. But they were 
on good land and not directly next to 
the lake, where the wind had full sweep. 
The cool air there keeps back the buds 
in Spring, and prevents their injury by 
frosts. Gold Drop is a very good late 
peach, but it lacks the red cheek that 
the market seems to demand. Hill’s 
Chili is better in this respect. The El- 
berta is the best of all varieties to grow 
for market in that section, and I would 
advise planting very largely of it. The 
York State and Fellenberg (Italian) 
are very good prunes and I do not 
think too many of them are likely to be 
grown too abundantly. The market will 
take large quantities of such good va¬ 
rieties. H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
POTATO GROWING IN MICHIGAN. 
Last October I had an opportunity to 
visit the farm of Jason Woodman in 
Van Buren County, Michigan. Mr. 
Woodman has been making a study of 
the potato crop, growing Rural New- 
Yorker, planted about June 25 for a late 
crop. He says the three reasons why 
Michigan farmers do not get a satis¬ 
factory yield are, first, they do not make 
the soil of their potato fields rich 
enough; second, they do not plant a 
sufficient quantity of the right kind of 
seed; third, they do not by thorough 
spraying eliminate the blight. In 1909 
the average yield was only 105 bushels 
per acre in Michigan. In Mr. Wood¬ 
man’s township there were four fields 
that averaged 377 bushels per acre. The 
largest yield was 425 bushels per acre, 
on a field of nine acres and 79 square 
rods. These fields were measured and 
the yield is the number of weighed 
bushels when marketed. Practically the 
same methods were followed in raising 
all of these crops. These plans are the 
result of experiments carried on during 
a series of years. In all cases the basis 
of each of these crops has been a field 
seeded to clover before it got poor. This 
clover sod was reinforced with a heavy 
coat of manure, about 20 loads per acre, 
applied one year before the crop is 
planted. Mr. Woodman’s soil is a sandy 
loam, and lie prefers pasturing it after 
it has been manured, the manure making 
a mulch, preventing the cattle from eat¬ 
ing too close, and by their tramping on 
it makes it much more compact, which 
helps to hold the moisture. 
The Seed to Use.— All things consid¬ 
ered the best seed to plant is a whole 
potato from the size of an egg up to 
twice the egg size. If the seed potato is 
cut up at all it should only be cut once, 
split lengthwise through the seed end. 
The seed end eyes are the strong eyes. 
If seed potatoes have been properly kept, 
a seed end backed by the whole potato 
in every hill means every hill a good 
hill. With the Rural potato, if the whole 
tuber is planted, the eyes at or around 
the seed end will send out from one to 
four stalks, while the weaker eyes will 
remain dormant. Thus the whole of the 
plant food in the potato goes to nourish 
the growth from the strongest eyes. If 
seed potatoes are cut the weaker eyes 
will grow weaker hills, which means a 
smaller yield per acre. For six years 
Mr. Woodman has planted a portion of 
his fields with uncut seed, and invariably 
the area planted with whole potatoes 
has outyieldcd that part of the field 
where cut seed was used. Perhaps some 
of the readers of The R. N.-Y. will ask, 
if egg size potatoes are planted whole 
year after year, will not the size of the 
stock deteriorate and the potatoes run 
out? On the contrary, his yield has 
been increasing, as well as the quality. 
In 1909 he raised 3,410 bushels of pota¬ 
toes on eight acres and 113 square rods. 
Out of this crop he was only able to 
grade out 140 crates that were as small 
as the bulk of two eggs. 
Planting. —Late potatoes should be 
planted in drills, the rows from 35 to 40 
inches apart, and the seed should be 
planted from 12 to 15 inches apart in 
the row; at this distance it will require 
from 18 to 25 bushels per acre. As to 
spraying, it is estimated that the crop is 
diminished at least 25 per cent by the 
blight, and the quality is injured. A 
potato to be at its best must mature, 
and mature in cool weather. Thorough 
and effective spraying is necessary to 
the production of a' large crop and a 
good quality. A spraying machine, to 
do good work, must spray up against 
the lower side of the leaves and the 
stems of the plants, for there is where 
the blight spores during warm and 
muggy weather germinate and grow. 
The machines that only spray down on 
the top of the vines will not properly 
control the blight, and cannot be de¬ 
pended upon. Bordeaux Mixture con¬ 
taining 10 pounds of vitriol and 14 
pounds of stone lime to 100 gallons of 
water is used. Spraying is begun when 
the tops are eight or 10 inches high, 
and sprayed once in about every eight 
or 10 days. If spraying is properly 
done the tops will not die from blight, 
nor will the potatoes rot and the tubers 
will continue to grow during the latter 
part of September and until killed by 
the frosts of October. The quality of 
the stock will be improved and the quan¬ 
tity increased. 
Scab.— All the seed potatoes are 
treated with formalin, 40 per cent so¬ 
lution, a tablespoonful to six or seven 
quarts of water, and soaked for 40 min¬ 
utes. But remember that this treatment 
will not completely eradicate scab; if 
scabby potatoes are fed to stock and 
the manure spread on the fields where 
potatoes are planted, or if cattle that are 
fed scabby potatoes are allowed to pas¬ 
ture on these fields, or if scabby potatoes 
have been grown on these fields, as the 
scab spores will live in the soil for four 
or five years. e. v. a. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20. 
CLOTHCRAFT 
ALL-WOOL 
CLOTHES 
OU can be 
distinctly 
well-dress¬ 
ed and yet save 
from $5 to $10 
asuit—if you wear Cloth- 
craft All-Wool Clothes 
at $10 to $25. 
The saying of $5 to $10 is meas¬ 
ured against the price of other 
ready-to-wear clothes; but in many 
instances Clothcraft Clothes are re¬ 
placing custom-made without suffer¬ 
ing by comparison. To illustrate: 
Not long ago a man who had been 
accustomed to pay $45 to $60 a suit 
for his clothes bought a $16.50 
Clothcraft suit. 
He’s one of the hard-to-fit kind— 
but he was so well pleased with his 
Clothcraft Clothes that he promptly 
returned a custom coat his tailor had 
just made him, to see if it could be 
altered to fit as well as Clothcraft. 
Even the tailor acknowledged the 
Clothcraft fit was better than his. 
Clothcraft Clothes are the only guaranteed 
all-wool line at medium prices—?io to §25. The 
definite guaranty, backed by dealer and maker, is 
a protection that assures absolutely pure wool, 
first-class trimmings and workmanship, lasting 
shape, service and satisfaction. 
If you wish to have that confidence in your 
clothes, go to the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write 
us direct. We'll gladly send you the spring style- 
folder and name of the nearest Clothcraft dealer. 
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO. 
Founded 1850—Oldest American 
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes 
635 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland 
A Square Deal 
Shoe for 
Farmers 
Here is the 
most durable 
work shoe that has ever been put to¬ 
gether, sold at the most reasonable 
price and under the strongest guar¬ 
antee that can be given a shoe. 
We make this positive assertion 
because we know there is not another 
shoe of its kind made today that com¬ 
bines such stout leather and honest 
making. 
For vamps and uppers we use such 
leathers as old-fashioned French Kip, 
oil-tanned moose hide and saddle 
pieces of calf. They are soft and pli¬ 
able to the touch and wear like iron. 
The soles, outside and insole, are 
of firstquality hemlock-tanned steer’s 
hide firmly fastened with brass stand¬ 
ard screws or maple pegs. This is the 
old-fashioned shoe bottom that has 
never been equalled for wear. 
The 
Haskin-Granger 
Shoe 
Is strictly a work shoe. We do not 
attempt style. We have cornered 
comfort and durability. We own and 
operate our own factory. We have 
spared no expense or effort to make 
the most serviceable, wear-proof, 
water-proof shoe that can be made by 
skilled hands from perfect materials. 
We are selling the Haskin-Granger 
shoe direct to the farmer, dividing 
with him the middleman’s profit. 
We sell on the guarantee of complete 
satisfaction. All we specify 
is ordinary care. 
Write Dept. A for illus¬ 
trations of leading styles 
and complete descriptions. 
For our reliability we 
refer to the Citizen’s Trust 
Co., Utica, N. Y., or any 
bank in Utica. 
The Haskin Shoe 
Mfg. Company 
Stittville 
New York 
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY 
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe, 
email fruits, orchards, can be sprayed; at 
slight; comparative cost for protection against i 
blight, bugs, scale, etc..with nu “IKON AGE” 1 
SPRAYEK. Also, actually increases the 
yield. The machine is adjustable to various 
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed— 
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant _ 
—single or double acting pumps—three, four-, six or sevea 
rows— one or two horses—55 or 100 gallon steel or wood 
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others. 
IRON MB Farm and Garden Tools 
wo practical, •ffeettve, economical 
Th«y give permanent satisfac¬ 
tion. We have been making 
the dependable kind for 75 /'£ 
years. Formulas for 
■olutions furnished on y vL-'-'if’ 
application. Write for 2 s5m 
our'frco Anniversary 
Catalog showing pota- B_ 
to machinery, horse hoea, cultivators nnd complete line 1 
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc. ■" 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Crenloch, N. J.l 
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST 
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827 
STERLING BRANDS OF 
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS 
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS 
'• : Send for Booklet : : 
PETER COOPER’S FERTILIZER. 
BRANDS 
Hale, the Peach King , writes: 1 he Double Action 'Cutaway’ is 
a splendid tool. I use it m polishing off my peach orchards several times a 
year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.” 
. genuine “Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchard- 
lsts from coast to coast and bay to gulf. 
In orchard work the driver can cultivate under the trees and below the low 
limbs, the horses not interfering with the branches. The double levers give 
the driver lull control of tool at all tunes. For regular farm work the gangs 
can be drawn together. 
UTAWAY 
DOUBLE ACTION 
ORCHARD HARROW 
Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers 
and fruit makers. They will positively pay for themselves in one season. f fo investi- 
gate is to be convinced. 
Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine 
and new life, and kills foul vegetation. The “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists 
and aerates the soil. Clahk’s “Cutaway” Tools run lighter and do better work than 
any other machine. I-asts a lifetime. 
Send today for new catalog, “Intensive Cultivation.'’ Of course, it’s free. 
839 
CUTAWAY 
MAIN STREET 
HARROW 
COMPANY 
HICCANUM, CONNECTICUT 
/The Thompson-Breese 
\ 11 Ol aa t Handled by One Man- 
rm B B ll|"l 1 1 AfWt mmm Docs Work of 6 Men 
* ^ W W and 12 Horses—Easily 
One w 1311 plows 10 to 12 acres a daj - , any depth from 1 to 10 inches. Plows 
absolutely uniform, no matter how uneven the ground. Right driving 
\\heel 17 inches ahead of left wheel makes outfit ride over gullies or 
furrows without jolts. Three 14-inch plows hung under the frame 
forward of operator's seat—work always in sight. Right wheels 
track in furrow, practically no steering needed after first furrow, 
touching foot lever operates power lifting device for raising and 
lowering plows while machine is in motion. Double opposed engine, 
i inch hot e, 10-inch stroke —more than 30 horse power. Weight 
only 8900 pounds with plows and water tanks and gasoline tank filled. 
Plow hitch from front of machine, giving same pull as horse hitch. H 
grade transmission and differential, three speeds forward and one reverse 
—just like best automobiles. Not an experiment, but a real, proved, prac¬ 
tical Auto-Plow, guaranteed unconditionally to do satisfactory work. An 
all around power outfit, not only for plowing, but for harrowing, seeding, 
cutting grain, threshing it and hauling it to market. Also best belt 
power for all farm machinery. An all round complete power outfit. 
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 
giving full description, with prices and terms 
THOMPSON-BREESE COMPANY. 
Department 109 Wapakoneta. Ohio 
