THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
5-4.i 
1911- 
L1ME-SULPHUR AND ARSENIC ON PEACH 
Last Spring (1910), besides our regu¬ 
lar system of spraying we sprayed our 
orchard especially for curculio. We used 
a solution of commercial lime-sulphur 
in proportion of one gallon to 200 gal¬ 
lons of water; arsenate of lead, five 
pounds to 100 gallons, and five pounds 
of hydrated lime to 50 gallons. The 
spray was applied with a power sprayer, 
relief valve set at 125 pounds pressure, 
and fine nozzles used. From experi¬ 
ments made in 1909 in co-operation with 
Mr. Wallace (Cornell Bulletin 288) we 
learned that the effect of commercial 
lime-sulphur on peach foliage depended 
considerably on the method of applica¬ 
tion. When high pressure was used in 
connection with fine nozzles, so as to 
produce a “fog,” or mist, the danger of 
leaf injury is greatly reduced. It may 
be remarked in passing that to use such 
a solution as that described above so as 
to produce good results, effective and 
continuous agitation is necessary. It 
was observed also that when the spray 
accumulated at the axil of the leaf it 
was more apt to fall. A fine mist largely 
avoids this drenching. The spray was 
applied as the calyces (shucks) were 
falling. No detrimental effect from the 
spray appeared until after there or four 
weeks. Then symptoms of leaf-burn, 
with shot-holing, appeared, and some of 
the foliage began to fall. We estimated 
that from 10 to 20 per cent of the 
leaves were lost, the percentage varying 
in different varieties. As the trees were 
well fruited this year this gave me some 
anxiety. We at once took measures to 
counteract the effect of defoliation, and 
to minimize the danger by cultivation 
and fertilization. 
In doing this we started another ex¬ 
periment in the use of fertilizers. Nitrate 
of soda, was used on part, complete fer¬ 
tilizer (home-mixed) 2, 8, 6 on part, and 
stable manure on part. The season was 
dry, and by cultivation a dust mulch was 
maintained, but the lack of rain pre¬ 
vented the fertilization from producing 
as good results as it should have done. 
However, the outcome was that a large 
percentage of the trees put out new 
leaves, and the fruit all matured well so 
that no actual loss of any of the crop 
was experienced. The long time en¬ 
suing between spraying and evidence of 
leaf injury indicates that the damage 
was not by the lime-sulphur, but by the 
arsenical. The use of arsenate of lead 
and lime without the lime-sulphur would 
probably have been better; and also a 
less amount of the poison might have 
been better. 
We have used commercial lime-sulphur 
for brown rot in proportions of 1-200 
and 1-300, with 10 pounds hydrated lime 
to each 100 gallons of spray, and have 
controlled the rot. The affection, how¬ 
ever, was not serious. In my opinion, 
commercial lime-sulphur in strengths not 
exceeding 1-200 can be applied to peach 
foliage if proper precautions are taken 
in preparation and application and no 
damage result. But in view of that “if” 
there is another and a better way, viz., 
the use of self-boiled lime-sulphur. I 
would advise every peach grower to se¬ 
cure a copy of Farmers’ Bulletin 440, 
issued March 27, 1911, by the U. S. De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, entitled 
“Spraying Peaches for the Control of 
Brown Rot, Scab and Curculio.” Its 
authors are W. M. Scott and A. L. 
Quaintance and it appears to be the 
latest word on the subject from official 
sources, and it is very valuable. It can 
be procured through Members of Con¬ 
gress or by application direct to the 
Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, 
D. C. D. H. AYERS. 
Nitrogen and “Ammonia.” 
A !'■ H., Cherry Tree, Pa .—Will you tell 
us the difference between ammonia and nitro¬ 
gen? Some fertilizer companies call it am¬ 
monia and some nitrogen. 
Ans. —This seems to puzzle many 
farmers. Nitrogen is a single, definite 
element of plant food. What we call 
‘ammonia” is a combination of nitro¬ 
gen and another element called hydro¬ 
gen. This hydrogen is of no value as 
plant food, but it combines in the pro¬ 
portion of three parts to one of nitro¬ 
gen to form ammonia. Nitrogen is 14 
tunes as heavy as hydrogen. Thus you 
will see that if you had a pound of 
ammonia, 14-17 of it, or put in another 
way, 82.5 per cent, of it would be nitro¬ 
gen. Or if you had a pound pf nitro¬ 
gen and added the three parts of hydro¬ 
gen, you would have instead of 16 
ounces about 191-3 ounces, or an in¬ 
crease of. 21 per cent. The fertilizer 
dealers give the per cent, of nitrogen 
and then the per cent, of ammonia in 
order to make a larger showing for their 
goods. Suppose they guaranteed two 
per cent, of nitrogen, or 40 pounds. We 
see from the above figures that this 
would make 2.42 per cent , or 48 pounds 
of ammonia. There would be no in¬ 
crease in its value, for nothing but the 
nitrogen is actual plant food. It would 
be like a woman making candy—using 
16 ounces of sugar and boiling it with 
three ounces of butter. She would have 
19 ounces of candy, but no more sugar 
than before. The thing to remember 
is that nitrogen is what we .want to pay 
for. We would pay no attention to the 
guarantee of ammonia, but figure the 
nitrogen alone. 
Hen Manure and Wood Ashes. 
F. E. G., Groton, Mass .—Can you tell me 
whether wood ashes and hen manure com¬ 
bined could be used on a kitchen garden 
with success? I have plenty of that kind 
of fertilizer, and want to plant a small 
garden this year. 
Ans. —This question is asked at least 
500 times each year. Both wood ashes 
and hen manure are farm products, and 
one supplies what the other lacks. The 
ashes contain potash, phosphoric acid 
and lime, while the hen manure is 
strong in nitrogen. It is the worst prac¬ 
tice, however, to mix the two together 
before using. This is just what you 
ought not to do. The lime in the ashes 
will act to set the ammonia in the hen 
manure free. If this is done before the 
mixture is put on the soil the ammonia 
will be lost. If on the other hand the 
hen manure is worked into the ground 
several inches deep, and then the wood 
ashes spread and raked or harrowed in 
there will be no loss. The lime will stiil 
act to set the ammonia free, but, being 
in the soil, it will be safely held tiiere 
for the crops. Thus the way to use hen 
manure and ashes is to apply them sep¬ 
arately and work both into the soil. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
DAME NATURE HINTS 
YVlieii the Food Is Not Suited. 
When Nature gives her signal that 
something is wrong it is generally with 
the food; the old Dame is always faith¬ 
ful and one should act at once. 
To put off the change is to risk that 
which may be irreparable. An Arizona 
man says: 
“For years I could not safely eat any 
breakfast. I tried all kinds of breakfast 
foods, but.they were all soft, starchy 
messes, which gave me distressing head¬ 
aches. 1 drank strong coffee, too, which 
appeared to benefit me at the time, but 
added to the headaches afterwards. 
Toast and coffee were no better, for I 
found the toast very constipating. 
“A friend persuaded me to quit coffee 
and the starchy breakfast foods, and use 
Postuin and Grape-Nuts instead. I shall 
never regret taking his advice. 
“The change they have worked in me 
is wonderful. T now have no more of the 
distressing sensations in my stomach 
after eating, and I never have any head¬ 
aches. I have gained 12 pounds in 
weight and feel better in every way. 
Grape-Nuts make a delicious as well as a 
nutritious dish, and I find that Postum 
is easily digested and never produces 
dyspepsia symptoms.’ 
Name given by Postum Co., Battle 
Creek, Mich. 
Get the little book, “The Road to 
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Ever read the above letter? A new one 
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Farmer Buys An Auto 
With His Buckeye 
T HIS letter was received from a 
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Oak Harbor, O., Dec. 24, 1910. 
Gentlemen:— 
Yours of the 22ml at hand. T enclose a photo 
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R. P. I). No. 1, 
The Buckeye Traction Ditcher will 
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LAND LIME 
$3.50 PER TON 
Land Lime is finely pulverized; ready to drill; 
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third Quick Lime and two-thirds Carbonate of 
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limestono or Hydrated Lime. It will not injure 
new seeding. 
Land Lime is the cheapest fertilizer you can 
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decomposition of humus and loosens up tho clay 
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Clover, Alfalfa, Cabbages, Timothy. Beets, etc. 
band Lime is absolutely necessary for Alfa Ifa. 
You cannot grow Alfalfa without lime and Alfalfa 
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