600 
May 20, 
Vetch or Rye with Buckwheat ? 
G. P. H. } Auburn, N. Y .—After reading a 
number of articles in The It. N.-Y. on vetch 
I would like to ask if vetch could be sown 
with buckwheat, or if sowing about four 
or six weeks later would be better? The 
farm I came on a year ago was a long- 
neglected one, and with but one team I 
could not plow all that should have been. 
The field I am anticipating sowing to buck¬ 
wheat my neighbors tell me has not been 
plowed in 12 or 15 years, and is quite a 
steep side hill sloping to the west, with a 
yellow loam soil. My future idea is to seed 
to Alfalfa. 
Ans. —We have never heard of this 
combination being used. Possibly the 
vetch would live when shaded by the 
buckwheat and come on later, but we 
doubt it. If your plan is to leave the 
buckwheat on the land to be killed by 
the frost the vetch might come on late 
and be plowed under the following year. 
Such a plan as the above with buck¬ 
wheat and rye sometimes proves suc¬ 
cessful. When* buckwheat and rye are 
sown together the last week in June the 
buckwheat will take possession of the 
soil promptly, and the rye will not make 
very much growth until the buckwheat 
is harvested or cut down by frost, after 
which the rye takes possession of the 
land and makes growth in the Fall and 
Spring, and the whole may be plowed 
under in time to repeat the sowing. In 
several instances, following this pro¬ 
gramme for three to five years has re¬ 
sulted in bringing very poor land into 
a good state of productivity, and the 
crops of buckwheat that have been har¬ 
vested have practically paid the cost of 
the labor. 
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE. 
During April new building operations 
involving $61,801,000 were begun in 40 
cities of the United States. 
Onion seed from the Canary Islands to 
the amount of 18 tons was imported during 
1910. It was mainly for Texas sowing, 
where the “Bermuda” onion business is 
growing rapidly. The Texas onions are 
now arriving in northern markets, bringing 
$1 to $2 per bushel. 
Quite a Load.— This consisted of 12 rolls 
of printing paper, averaging above 1.200 
pounds each, making something over seven 
tons. The motive power was three 1,800- 
pound Belgian horses, in good condition, 
with backs as broad as a young elephant's. 
This load, rattling over the granite block 
pavement of New Chambers street, was a 
traveling recommendation for the material 
and workmanship in that truck. 
Automatic selling by means of the slot 
machine has reached a very large figure. 
A corporation with $6,000,000 stock and 
$3,600,000 bonds has been formed by about 
30 independent companies selling chewing 
gum, candies, paper drinking cups and 
telling the customer his weight. Observa¬ 
tion shows that about one per cent of the 
money put into the gum and candy ma¬ 
chines brings no return. The educational 
effect of these penny-in-the-slot machines 
is bad, as it gives any child with a penny 
the opportunity of spending it foolishly, 
thus fostering a habit the direct adverse 
of wholesome thrift. 
A Little Giant.— One of the most inter¬ 
esting travelers in New York Bay and the 
North and East Rivers is the tugboat. It 
is an ordinary looking affair, but with a 
few snorts from its, perhaps. 800 horse 
power engine, it races through -the water 
and pulls or pushes loads that look about 
as inconsistent as for a man to shoulder 
a barn and walk away with it. The im¬ 
mense ocean steamers are too ‘awkward to. 
dock safely with their own power, but a 
tug or two with their three-inch diameter 
hawsers handle the monster, sliding it into 
the slip or hauling it out in mid-stream 
ready to start away, as readily as a man 
handles a large stone with a bar. This 
hawser costs about 30 cents per foot and a 
busy tug has to buy over $1,000 worth of 
it per year. 
What Are Correct Prices? —In most 
large produce market cities a daily “price 
current” is issued. This is more or less 
official in character, depending on how 
much interest the local trade organizations 
take in it. The question often arises as to 
whether a commission man may be held 
responsible for failure to get for produce 
the price quoted for that day. If he made 
a definite promise to secure the quotation 
on the day sold he is under moral obliga¬ 
tion to return that price and is legally 
bound according to the construction the 
courts put on the language in which the 
supposed promise was made. If the com¬ 
mission man receives the goods under no 
definite promise or with the understanding 
that he is to sell them the best he can, 
he cannot be held to the official quotation. 
Honestly made quotations represent sales, 
the top price the best some man, or perhaps 
two or three, were able to get, but their 
best may be much better than many others 
in the same market can get, because the 
supply of customers who will buy at those 
prices runs out. There is not enough 
cream to go around. Those dealers who 
days or weeks in advance promise to return 
the full official quotation for goods sent 
them, either have a special trade with a 
large profit margin, or run the risk of loss 
if they do not meet the quoted price. In 
such cases it is a common practice to return 
the full price to the man promised and 
make up the difference on some other man 
to whom no promise has been made—a lit¬ 
eral robbing of Peter to pay Paul. The 
above remarks refer to commission men 
who are supposed to be honest, not the 
snides and crooks in the business. 
W. W. H. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
RYE FOR THE SILO 
And for Various Other Uses. 
Part II. 
We have seen inquiries in regard to sep¬ 
arating vetch seed from rye, and as there 
is so much variation in the size of the vetch 
seed, some of it being several times as large 
as the smallest, it is a difficult proposition 
to separate it from either rye or wheat 
with any machine, but the round, smooth 
vetch seed will gain greater momentum than 
the grain berries, rolling down a long four 
or five foot inclined plane, and will jump 
further at the bottom, making it easy to 
separate the greater part of it in that way. 
Vetch might easily become a pest on truck 
or grain farms; is in fact a weed of won¬ 
derful value in its place. 
Under the conditions which exist in this 
part of the country, no system of farming is 
complete which does not provide for the 
return to the soil, in some form, of at least 
a large part of the fertility taken off by 
crops, and the more complicated this system 
the greater the number of leaks, and as 
usually handled the greater the waste. 
Where the improvement of the land is the 
primary object, the shortest and quickest 
method is to turn the crop under without 
handling, but the use of rye for soiling or 
silage is a simple method of handling this 
crop, allowing quick return to the land, L 
manure is properly cared for, with but lit : 
waste and small expense in handling; a 
very different proposition from the usual 
practice in this section, where the rye is 
allowed to mature, the grain thrashed, sold 
or ground and fed ; in the Winter the straw 
and manure are thrown in open yard to 
leach until Spring, the whole system a los¬ 
ing game, requiring many operations, fre- 
quently the purchase or hiring of expensive 
machinery, and the proportion of fertility 
finally returned to the soil is very small. 
The value of rye is too often overlooked 
in the scramble for legumes. We are ad¬ 
vised on every side to use legumes to 
bring up land, but with many farms it is 
like expecting a boy to enter college before 
he has been through the primary. The man 
who can grow good crops of clover is, fig¬ 
uratively speaking, almost “through col¬ 
lege.” How many of us who are fighting 
for existence on poor farms have not had 
the methods of some successful farmer held 
up to our view, and been advised to sow 
clover, plow it under and raise big crops 
like he does. There are two such cases in 
this section, both making use of clover and 
raising more potatoes on one acre than some 
do on three or four, but both of these men 
had a good start. Neither had any interest 
to raise, no mortgage to pay off, and were 
free to plow under crops and bring up their 
land, and while they are now able to raise 
big crops of clover, we know that in at 
least one of these cases, rye was first used 
to bring up the land before starting with 
clover. Those who are so free with their 
advice, which is often as valuable as that 
given by the same class of people to use 
Alfalfa to bring up poor laud, do not stop 
to consider or .have not learned by hard- 
earned experience that bringing up with 
clover land that would not produce as much 
clover to the square rod as would make a 
hen’s nest, is easier talked of than done. 
Before w r e can build up a run-down farm 
by plowing under crops, we have to have a 
crop that will grow on the poor soil, and 
too often money put into clover seed for 
such land is thrown away, excepting such 
part as might lie in the ground to make its 
appearance in later years, when conditions 
have become more favorable. Advice is 
cheap and easy to get and there are few 
who will back up their advice to use le¬ 
gumes on poor land, by standing the loss 
if they fail. 
The present poultry craze, upon which 
fakes are fattening with their “systems,” is 
not unlike the articles which appear from 
time to time in some papers, telling of the 
wonderful results obtained in bringing up 
land by the use of this or that legume, and 
so it goes. Conditions vary. Each man has 
his own problem to work out on his own 
soil. Nothing can be truer than, as Prof. 
Roberts said, “Every farm is an experiment 
station, and the owner is the director.” 
When a man builds a house, he knows he 
will want a roof before he gets through, 
but he does not usually build the roof first. 
Humus is the foundation, the place to start 
to build your farm. We begin at the wrong 
end when we start with legumes on land 
that is genuinely poor. There are thou¬ 
sands of farmers who would get far more 
benefit from one bushel of rye or buck¬ 
wheat and plow the crop under, than from 
the use of a whole bushel of clover seed. 
The teachings of L. L. D. (Lime, Legumes 
and Drainage) are all right in their place, 
but that, too, is comparatively a “college 
course” so far as much poor land is con¬ 
cerned, and the more important preparatory 
work of getting some kind of humus in the 
soil should not be overlooked. It ought to 
be H. L. L. D. with the “II.” as large as 
the other three. 
In a section like this, where during the 
blooming time of sorrel the landscape is 
dotted and splashed with red (even the sky 
often red at sunset t, notwithstanding the 
fact that we are told that sorrel indicates 
sour land, and the need of lime, the man 
who uses burnt lime on such land, without 
first supplying humus, is doing himself or 
the land a positive damage. We know by 
experience that the lime does not always 
kill sorrel, and that on land red with sorrel 
clover will come in of itself, without seed¬ 
ing, by the application of stable manure and 
thorough cultivation of intervening crops. 
In our own case we started in at first trying 
to raise legumes and used lime. In other 
words, we tried to take the “advanced 
course” with lime and legumes and flunked. 
We had to go back and start over again 
with “addition” and “multiplication” of the 
humus content. i. c. Rogers. 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
To use is to 
—approve —\ 
Runabout, $750 
F. O. B, Detroit, including three oil lamps, tools and 
horn. Gas lamps and tank or generator, top, wind¬ 
shield, etc., extra. The picture shows a Runabout 
with detachable doors, which cost S‘25 extra. 
Touring Car for 4, $!KK); with fore-doors, $25 extra. 
GUARANTEED FOR LIFE 
You never meet a Hupmobile owner 
H who is willing to say aught but good 
cf his car. 
j Unsolicited, many of them write en- 
| thusiastically of the pleasure and 
service they have had with their 
Hupmobiles. 
Frank Grates, a building inspector of 
Redlands, Cal., writes: 
“My 1 lupmobile runabout has cost me 
only 6 o cents in a year, and that not for 
machinery, but for varnish. I find that 
I average about 26 miles to the gallon: 
the up ; keep during the year has not 
cost me over $6 a month.” 
Dr. A. A.Brown of San Antonio,Texas: 
“I use it constantly for every call, and 
my total expenses for gasoline and oil 
average about $10 a month.” 
W.R. Vann, of the Van Camp Hardware 
& Iron Co., Indianapolis, Ind.: 
“I am a traveling salesman, weigh 28 s 
lbs. and carry about too lbs. of bag¬ 
gage, and have driven this car every 
day over all kinds of roads, having a 
mileage of 17,000 miles this year. My 
tires run from 10,000 to 12,000 miles. I 
have increased my volume of business 
and at the same time decreased my ex¬ 
pense account over the previous year.” 
Every one of these men bought a Hup¬ 
mobile to save time and money and 
found it a practical economy. 
And so, invariably, experience with a 
Hupmobile wins permanent approval. 
Investigation will show you why. 
Hupp Motor Car Co. 
Dept. 1220 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
DHIluHllto “Hints to Buyers and Sellers”mni]edFree. 
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO. 
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York 
LOW PRICES haUsome FENCI 
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Many years of experimenting 
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Means a big reduction in 
fence cost and maintenance. 
40-page catalog sent free, fully 
illustrating and describing. Send 
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Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask 
dealer to show samples and quote 
prices, or write us direct. 
American Steel 6 Wire Co. 
Chicago : 
115 Adams Street 
Denver: 
First Nat. Bank Bldg. 
New York: 
30 Church Street 
San Francisco: 
16th and Folsom Sts. 
ft 
We Want, 
■ Oar 1911 
f Catalog in the Home'' 
4)1 Every Farmer in America 
178 pages filled from cover to cover with goTYtrinel 
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k 308 E. 5th St, 
Cincinnati, 
Ohio 
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From Factor/To Horse 
YOUR HOME SHOULD 
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thus combining artistic appear¬ 
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Write for catalog of Republic Ornso* 
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Republic Fence $ Gate Co., 
,, 211 Republic St. f North Chicago, Ill. 
|ROWN FENCER 
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INDEPENDENT FORTUNES ’fj 
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An instructive booklet fully describing 
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jgL I. W. WHITE, Gen’I Industrial Agt. 
Dept. A S. A. L. Ry. 
NORFOLK, VA. 
COLORADO FARM VALUES GAIN 300% 
Thirty per cent every year, 300 per cent in ten 
years, is the gain in value of Colorado farm lands 
just reported by the United States census. In the 
next ten years, with further extension of irrigation 
there will be a still greater gain. Colorado farms 
often pay for themselves in two or three years, and 
sometimes in one. Double crops and high-priced 
markets. Sunshine and health-restoring climate. 
Thirty thousand more farmers can bnihi substan¬ 
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and poultry products now consumed annually in 
this State. Write us for official information 
COLORADO STATE BOARD OF IMMIGRA¬ 
TION, 314 State House, Denver, Colorado, 
W E SELL FARMS in Oceana, best Connty in U. S. 
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain,Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬ 
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich. 
C«|a—F arm of 140 acres: twelve-room 
1 0l 5316 house: two barns, 70 by 30 and 45 
by 30: other outbuildings ; shade, nut, and fruit 
trees. Price, $2,0)0. Terms, $1,000 cash, balance to 
suit. HALL’S FARM AGENCY. Oweoo, Tioga County, N. Y 
