024 
THE RUK-A.L NEW-YORKER 
May 27, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.} 
A One-man Air Pressure Sprayer. 
On page 560 I note an inquiry of J. B. 
B., Grand Rapids, Mich., in relation to a 
“one-man spray rig,’’ and thinking my 
experience may be of value to him, I 
shall relate it. I am an accountant by 
profession, having lived on a farm in 
the early part of my life, but in my 
fortieth year the call of the soil wooed 
me back to the farm, and after my daily 
duties are completed, my spare time is 
devoted to the raising of poultry and 
hogs, fruit and truck crops. Last year 
I used a small compressed air sprayer 
which did very good work, but my time 
being limited to a few hours every 
evening, it required too much time 
pumping to keep the necessary pressure. 
This year I purchased a wheel outfit 
and had the manufacturers attach a gal¬ 
vanized iron tank, capable of withstand¬ 
ing a pressure of 200 pounds, and a 
capacity of 10 gallons. Before com¬ 
mencing to spray 1 use the pump to 
secure as high a presure as I possibly 
can, which requires but a few minutes, 
and having 20 feet of hose and 14 feet 
of spray rod, I can spray on all sides 
of a tree, and not be under the neces¬ 
sity of moving sprayer or pumping until 
after tree is completed. 
West Virginia. f. e. peterson. 
Taking Twist from Rope. 
N. C., New York .—Will you tell inc what 
1 can do to keep a new hay rope, seven- 
eighths inch, from twisting between the load 
and car? It is fixed so one end is fastened 
in car down through pulley in fork back to 
car. The double rope twists so a team 
cannot draw a small load up. I took the 
rope and drew it about two miles, making 
short turns around fence posts, but did no 
good. 
Ans. —If you will coil rope to the left 
twice, and then take the end and pass 
it down through the coil and then coil 
it once to the right you will probably 
take the twist out. We have this infor¬ 
mation from a party who has handled 
and sold rope for a great many years. 
Size of Golf Links. 
J. L., Mattituek, N. 7 .—Let me know the 
smallest piece of ground that can be uti¬ 
lized for a golf ground. I have a laige 
lawn in front of my orchard and am won¬ 
dering if it is large enough to be used for 
that purpose. 
Ans. — J. L. could not have a golf 
ground of less than 10 acres, unless he 
has a long narrow strip of land which 
he could utilize. A golf course is gener¬ 
ally laid out in a large circular course, 
starting at one point and returning to 
nearly the same place. The course 
is generally nine holes, but can be made 
double size, that is, 18, but for a per¬ 
son to play in a more or less retired 
way a shorter course could be made. I 
am afraid your correspondent’s lawn 
does not offer a good golf course. 
Massachusetts. wilfrid wheeler. 
Preparing Horseradish. 
J. S., Kenton, Mich .—Will you give me 
full Instruction how to put up horseradish 
for home and commercial use? 
Ans. —Wash and peel the horse¬ 
radish roots, then grate upon a coarse 
grater; there are graters made for this 
purpose. Several of our correspondents 
tell us that they save smarting eyes and 
fingers by cutting the root into thin 
strips and then running it through a 
meat chopper set to ground fine. Care 
must be taken, however, that the grind¬ 
ing is fine, and that no lumps get 
through. The grated root is then put 
into small wide-mouthed bottles, which 
are filled three-fourths full with solid 
horseradish and then filled up with good 
cold vinegar and corked tight. The 
horseradish should mix with the vinegar 
so that it is of uniform consistency, 
showing little or no clear vinegar at the 
top. The horseradish should only be 
grated in sufficient quantity for prompt 
sale, as it cannot be kept for any length 
of time without turning dark and thus 
deteriorating in quality. Large manu¬ 
facturers have experimented in many 
ways to prevent this discoloring, but we 
believe without success, and it is now 
generally recognized that pure grated 
horseradish cannot be held in best con¬ 
dition and must therefore be sold soon 
after preparing. 
Chilled Iron Castings. 
,J. It. (No Address). —Can you tell me 
how chilled iron castings are made? At 
what part of the process is the chilling 
done? 
Ans. —The chilling is accomplished by 
pouring the molten iron on to an iron 
chill forming part of the mold, in place 
of having the mold rnade entirely of 
sand as is usual in the case of gray iron 
castings. This causes the hot iron to 
begin chilling when it comes in contact 
with the chill or iron part of the mold, 
and the chilling of the iron takes plate 
during the cooling process. Different 
grades of iron are required for chilled 
castings from what is needed for gray 
iron castings, and it is, also, necessary 
to have a proper mixture to get the de¬ 
sired result. There are a number of 
other factors that enter into the suc¬ 
cessful making of chilled parts, but the 
above answers the main question as to 
what causes the chilling and when it 
takes place. 
SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW CO. 
Raising Fish in Pennsylvania. 
M. N., Logan's Ferry, Pa. —How could I 
build a fish pond? On my farm there is a 
never-failing spring of very cold water. 
What kind of fish would be best for breed¬ 
ing? I would like to start with about two 
dozen pair at first. How • and what are 
they fed? Where can they be purchased? 
Would they flourish in very cold spring 
water? 
Ans. —If the water in the pond has a 
temperature of not over 60 degrees dur¬ 
ing the Summer months brook trout 
would live and thrive. No intelligent 
answer can be given with respect to 
other kinds of fish unless the area of the 
pond is known. In all probabilities if 
the water is not suitable for trout the 
most suitable fish would be yellow perch, 
catfish or sunfish. It should be said 
that if the water is suitable for trout it 
would be impossible for him to plant 
fish in one pond. He would have to 
have several, because the large fish 
would eat the small ones. Trout may 
be fed either on lungs, liver, meat of 
almost any kind, preferably lungs and 
liver. Catfish and sunfish and yellow 
perch can be fed with stale bread. 
Trout may be purchased from any com¬ 
mercial hatchery, and he can find them 
in the advertising pages of the sporting 
magazines. I know of no place where 
perch, catfish or sunfish can be pur¬ 
chased in the United States. Brook 
trout would thrive in very cold spring 
water, but no other fish. 
W. E. MEEHAN. 
Penn. Commissioner of Fisheries. 
Well of Poor Water. 
H. V. (No Address ).—I had a well 
drilled 48 feet deep, 25 feet ground and 23 
feet slate rock. We -have good flow of 
water, but it is not fit to use, having a 
peculiar odor and taste like swamp water. 
As we have to have water and being the 
only well we have on the premises, would 
it be advisable to go down deeper, and 
could that flow of water be shut off if a 
five-inch pipe was inserted in the six-inch 
pipe? Would this flow of water interfere 
with the new flow, if we strike one, or would 
it be better to drill a new well? All other 
wells around us have nice clear water. 
Ans. —It is not possible to give very 
trustworthy advice from a distance re¬ 
garding a case like this without know¬ 
ing the local conditions and the judg¬ 
ment of a local experienced well-driller 
is likely to be safer to follow. It is not 
clear how the unfiltered swamp water 
should reach the slate through 25 feet 
of soil, unless the water is coming 
through a fissure in the slate which is 
filled at some point where the slate ex¬ 
posure is near the surface in some 
swampy place. If this is a true slate 
rock it might be doubtful whether go¬ 
ing deeper would secure another flow, 
with water different from that already 
obtained. If the other local wells ob¬ 
tain their water supply only after pene¬ 
trating this rock to some distance, there 
would be more hope of getting improved 
conditions by drilling deeper and shutting 
off the upper flow with the customary 
seed-bag. If the water reaches the well 
through some fissure rather than through 
the general broken character of the slate, 
the chances might be better to put the 
well down in another place, and an ex¬ 
perienced local well-driller should be 
able to judge of this. F. H. king. 
Nitrate of Soda on Lawn. 
I would like to have your opinion of 
nitrate of soda for a lawn. Would you 
use it on a lawn or not? If so, how much 
would you use to the acre? The lawn had 
a coat of manure spread over it in the Win¬ 
ter and the coarsest of it has been raked 
off. J. E. p. 
Wilkesbarre, Pa. 
We would not use nitrate alone unless 
the grass was pale in color and showed a 
sickly growth. Nitrate contains only nitro¬ 
gen as plant food. The manure probably 
gave enough of this element. If the grass 
does not grow well use 125 pounds per acre 
of nitrate—evenly scattered. A much bet¬ 
ter dressing would be 100 pounds nitrate, 
300 fine ground lime and 100 sulphate of 
potash. 
Cover Crops in Orchard. 
I have an orchard that I planted for 
home use, about one-third of an aertj. There 
are different kinds of fruit, the soil is a 
sandy loam. Last Spring I turned under 
a good stand of rye, sowed rye again last 
Fall, but up to the present time there is 
a very scant stand. I am not living on the 
place at the present time, and I have had 
a great deal of trouble in the last year to 
get some one to cultivate it for me. Could 
I broadcast cow peas, then turn under in 
September, and then put in rye to be turned 
under next Spring? Would it harm the 
trees to do this instead of cultivating? 
The trees are four years old. Or could I 
put this orchard in sod? c. P. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Our plan would be to let the rye grow 
Until late in May. Then cut with a mower 
and pile the crop around the trees. Scatter 
Early Black cow peas and disk or plow them 
in. In September plow the cow peas under 
and sow rye. 
A Garden with Chemicals. 
I have a good-sized city garden (100x200 
feet) on heavy ground that bakes hard in 
Summer. It was one of the old Flatbush 
farms, and I suppose all the fertility was 
cropped out of it. I don't want to go into 
much permanent development of the soil, 
for it is liable to be built on at any time. 
Manure is practically- not available. I have 
on hand air-slaked lime, nitrate of soda, 
muriate of potash and Th6mas phosphate 
powder; wish to grow sweet corn, toma¬ 
toes, beans, beets, carrots, squash and cu¬ 
cumber. I suppose the soil is sour, for in 
past years tomatoes and beans have done 
well, corn and squash fairly well, and the 
root crops have refused to grow at all. Can 
you give me a general purpose mixture of 
the above chemicals? Is it satisfactory to 
mix in the lime and possibly sifted coal 
ashes to act as a filler and help loosen up 
the ground? Should part of the nitrate be 
saved out for a second application later in 
the Summer? It is a nuisance to broad¬ 
cast the lime, and 1 would rather apply it 
direct in the rows if possible. E. x. H 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
We have many questions about using 
lime instead of manure to break up or 
open soil. Lime will not do this as well as 
manure, and for a garden on such soil ma¬ 
nure is about a necessity. It will not do to 
put the lime in the rows. It should be 
spread all over the soil and fully worked in. 
The chemicals you have are not the best for 
garden crops, but a fair combination would 
be one pound of nitrate, three pounds slag, 
or Thomas powder and one part muriate of 
potash. You can use half the nitrate at 
seeding time, and the rest while the crop is 
growing, scattered along the rows and har¬ 
rowed in. But do not expect any prize gar¬ 
den on that hard soil without manure. 
The MACY SEPARATOR 
Low 
Seamless 
Supply Can 
You waste money 
if you pay a cent 
more than our price 
for a Cream Separa¬ 
tor. You can’t af¬ 
ford to buy from 
anyone at any price 
until you have sent 
a postal card or a 
letter asking us for 
our special Cream 
Separator offer. Wcsave you half of agents’ 
prices—we allow you 30 days trial on your 
own farm—you needn’t send us a cent in ad¬ 
vance, if you prefer not to. 
THE MACY IS THE BEST AND 
YOU CAN PROVE IT 
We -will send you a machine on trial so you can find 
out how good it is. No Separator costs more to manu¬ 
facture than the Macy, yet our price is half the price 
asked by Agents. Easiest cleaned machine because its 
skimming device is aluminum. Frictionless pivot ball 
bearings make it easiest running. Guaranteed forever. 
Five sizes; five popular factory-to-farm prices. Out 
out the middleman’s profit ---keep this money 
in your own pocket. Write to-day for our special intro¬ 
ductory offer. 
R. H. MACY & CO. 
801 Macy Building, - New York 
L OCOMOBILE— Seven-passenger; 190(5 Model; 
40 horse power; rebuilt 1909; chain drive; good 
engine; approximate speed 50 miles an hour. Will 
demonstrate. Address, Prof. WILLIAM E. 
HUGHES, 3945 Chestnut St. Phila., Fa. 
ALFALFA 
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 porcent 
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample 
on which we invite yon to get Government tests. 
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬ 
nually. Free Instructions on growing. 
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED 
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We 
handle export grade only and can furnish grass 
mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog. 
WING SEED CO., Box 223 Mechanicsburg, O. 
Sweet Potato Plants 
list free. W. S. FORD 
only $2.00 per 1000, special 
prices on 5000 lots, Price 
& SON, Hartly, Del. 
PUR QAI p —900,000 Sweet Potato Plants, Tomato 
run OHL.C mu] Cabbage Plants. Send today for 
catalogue. Fine plants. M. N. BORGO, Vineland, N. J. 
CflR QAI P— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel; 
run wHUl Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel: 
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel. 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford. Del. 
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry 
Largest in the World. Bears First Season. Free 
circular. H. F. DEW, Albion, Mich. 
C AItBAfiK PLANTS of nil kinds, $1 per 1000; Tomato mid Sweet 
Potato Plants, $1.50 per 1000; Cauliflower and Peppers,$2.50 
per 1000. Plants ready for field. J. C. Schmidt, Bristol, Pa. 
SALESMEN WANTED 
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for 
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, New York 
CHOICE COW PEAS 
READY NOW-NEW ERAS. BLACKS, FRESH. 
CLEAN SEKDS. SAMPLE FOR STAMP. 
E. G. PACKARD, Seed Grower, ltorcr, Del. 
IAPANESE MILLET SEED ; sound, clean seed. $1.50 per 
** bushel. M. HATCH, JR., Marshfield, Mass. 
500,000 New StoneTomato Plants For Sale 
From selected seed that grow the big crons ready 
June tne First. SI.00 per 1000; 5000 for S4.C0. 
CELERY, CABGAGE, RUBY KING PEPPER, CAULIFLOWER and 
SWEET POTATO PLANTS in their season. 
Send for our )9U Catalog 
If you want 50,000 or 100,000 Tomato Plants we can 
supply you with extra fino plants. ROMANCE SEED & 
PLANT FARM, CALEB BOGGS & SON. CHESW0L0, DEL. 
BINDER TWINE 
FACTORY TO FARM. WANT FARMER AGENTS. 
Write quick. AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa 
A PRO FITABLE INVESTMENT 
^ Republic 
r . Ornamental Fence 
willenhancethc value 
of your property. 
Republic?E nc e s 
aremade by cabling large heavily galvanized wires 
and i kets, corrugated | 
iw- only at point of intersection ; thus forming an immovable joint 
withoutinjuringthegalvanized coating. Most durable fence made. 
A variety of beautiful designs. May be erected with wood or iron posts. 
Write for catalog. If you need Farm Gates, write ior Special Farm Gate Catalog. 
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO., 2H Republic St., N. Chicago, 111- 
