b2(J 
May 27, 
WHITEWASHING WITH A PUMP. 
Can you toll us just how to use white¬ 
wash or paint with a sprayer instead of a 
brush? We would like to know how thin 
you make the wash or paint, what sort 
of a nozzle is best, how much power re¬ 
quired and just how you do the work. 
m. u. 
In order to whitewash with a spray in¬ 
stead of a brush, and as thoroughly cover 
the surface, it should be used as thick as 
it can be put through a coax-se nozzle. I 
like one of the “Friend” type—of which 
there are now many on the market—with a 
large orifice. The amount of power is not 
necessarily essential to good work. Of 
course the greater the pressure the more 
rapid the work, and the finer the spray. 
I have, on a rainy day, used a hand pump 
on a barrel, and made as complete a cov¬ 
ering as with a larger outfit. Ordinarily 
we take our power outfit alongside the 
stable, take off the rods, and put the nozzle 
on the end of the hose, so that it may 
be turned readily, set the engine at work 
and the job is quickly done. Of course 
much more material is wasted than when a 
brush is used, but in this case as in all 
spraying—time is the most costly ingre¬ 
dient. I like the Government wash much 
better than ordinary lime and water. True, 
it is more bother to prepare, and more ex¬ 
pensive, but it does not scale, and gives so 
much better finish, that the increase is 
well worth while. The following is the 
formula: Slake half a bushel of lime with 
boiling water, keep it covered during the 
process. Strain it and add a peck of salt 
dissolved in warm water, three pounds 
of ground rice put into boiling water and 
boiled to a thin paste, half a pound of 
Spanish whiting, and a pound of glue, dis¬ 
solved in warm water; mix these well to¬ 
gether and let the mixture stand for sev¬ 
eral days. Then heat the wash as hot as 
possible before applying it. 
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE. 
CHERRY GROWING IN WISCONSIN. 
The prospects for a good fruit crop in 
Door County, Wis., are very good. Fruit 
trees of all varieties are very well budded. 
This Spring over 1,000 acres of cherries 
will be planted, principally the Montmorency 
and Early Richmond. Sturgeon Bay is at¬ 
tracting great attention for its continued 
success in cherry culture, with a good crop 
last year, as well as during the past eight 
years, and still back of this we find that for 
40 years there has not been a loss from 
Spring frosts. Orchards that are producing 
crops year after year certainly must have 
the bearing habit. Two of the essentials 
in producing the bearing habit are soil and 
climatic conditions. The modifying influ¬ 
ence of the waters of Lake Michigan and 
Green Bay gives the peninsula a cool, back¬ 
ward Spring, which prevents a rapid, tender 
growth that would not be sufficiently hardy 
to endure subsequent frosts. It is several 
weeks from the time they first swell until 
full bloom ; during that time they strengthen 
and become hardy. In the Fall of the 
year they have another effect of the water, 
which so modifies the temperature that 
there is a long time when the fi'osts are 
not severe enough to destroy the foliage, hut 
allow the leaves to do their work to the 
fullest extent, ripening the twigs, storing 
surplus food for Spring use, hardening and 
perfecting the buds. Possibilities in hor¬ 
ticulture at Sturgeon Bay were discovered 
in 1892 by Mr. A. L. Hatch and the late 
Prof. E. S. Goff. They at once noted the 
effect of the climate and soil upon the 
hearing habit of fruit trees. They were 
noticeable for the crop they had borne and 
their disposition to keep at it. Mr. Hatch 
has a cheri'y orchard of about five acres 
planted in 1898 which has produced in the 
last three years 7.380 crates of lb quarts 
each, that sold above the cost of crates 
and packing for $8,246. In spraying the 
cherries Mr. Hatch advises the use of com¬ 
mercial lime and sulphui* as a Summer 
spray, finding that he gets a much brighter 
foliage than with Bordeaux mixture; also 
that it is not necessary to spray after har¬ 
vest as he did when using Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture’ On plums, especially the Japanese 
and American varieties, there is a distinct 
stimulative effect that comes with the first 
warm days after spraying; also he finds it 
very effective in control of the tlirips on 
currants. Last year, by spraying with ar¬ 
senate of lead and lime-sulphur, he com¬ 
pletely eradicated the plum curculio, by 
spraying just before and just after the 
bloom. , 
As to methods in caring for the orchards, 
they are cultivated in the Spring, and along 
in the last of July or the first of August 
they are sown to vetch, or some sort of 
cover crop. As a cover crop, vetch seems 
to be the better. While cherries are the 
leading fruit crop grown here, still fruits of 
all sorts do well. In apples we find the 
McMahan, Dudley, Northwestern Greening, 
Wealthv and Fameuse among the best. 
With proper spraying and thinning apple 
growing has proven very profitable, especial¬ 
ly in the Fall-bearing varieties. Owing to 
their being so far north they come on the 
market at a time when the southern apples 
are gone, therefore bringing a very good 
price. All that Sturgeon Bay wants is 
more horticulturists, as there are thousands 
of acres of land very well adapted to the 
growing of fruit. This, together with the 
good roads and splendid shipping facilities, 
offers great opportunities in horticulture. 
THE RURAL NEW - YOKKER 
GROWING CABBAGE PLANTS UNDER 
CHEESECLOTH. 
Many a cabbage grower has been dis¬ 
gusted when his plants were eaten up 
by flea beetles or ruined by maggots. 
All such will be interested in a recent 
bulletin (No. 334) issued by the New 
York Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y. 
This tells how to save the plants by 
growing them under a screen of cheese¬ 
cloth. The plan is almost too simple. 
You start the plants as usual and keep a 
roof or shelter of cheesecloth over them. 
That is all there is to it. The insects 
cannot get at the plants to eat or lay 
their eggs. The following suggestions 
are made in the bulletin: 
The seed-bed should be located on a fer¬ 
tile, well-drained soil, where there can be 
no accumulation of water or washing under 
the frame by rains. It is also desirable 
to locate the bed on land known to be free 
from weeds, and injurious insects such as 
wire-worms and white grubs. The ground 
should certainly be free from the disease 
known as club-root. The soil should be 
■MMm 
Sj3Sfligg 
taunt: 
!::jk!£k;k««;S5ss,4 
■MSM 
CHEESECLOTH FOR CABBAGE BEDS. 
Fig. 219, 
thoroughly cultivated so that it is in good 
physical condition at seeding time. It is 
customary to apply liberal amounts of high 
grade commercial fertilizer. The seed 
Should be drilled rather thickly, in rows 
six or eight inches apart. When the early 
varieties of cabbage are to be grown, the 
seed should be planted during the first part 
of May or even earlier, whereas such vari- 
ties as Danish should be planted about May 
15. Before the seed is drilled, the corners 
of the bed should be staked, so that the 
frame can be built and the cheesecloth ap¬ 
plied before the plants come up. This is 
important, as the cloth prevents the soil 
from baking and conserves the moisture; 
also if the screening is delayed until after 
the plants come up, the plants are subject 
to injury by the flea bettle. Six-inch boards 
will serve for the frame though some grow¬ 
ers use eight-inch and 10-inch boards with 
satisfaction. The cloth should not sag and 
rest on the plants. This may be prevented 
by stretching several lengths of wire from 
end to end of the bed. The wires should 
not be more than four or five feet apart. 
The wire can bo supported on stakes to 
which it is held by staples. It is prefer¬ 
able that galvanized wire and staples be 
used as rusty wire wears holes in the cloth 
at the point of contact. All openings under 
the frame, due to unevenness in the soil, 
should be filled by banking the earth 
against the boards. To harden the plants 
so they will not wilt beyond recovery when 
set in the field, the cheesecloth should be 
removed a week or ten days before trans¬ 
planting. It is well to examine the soil 
about the plants at intervals of several 
days after they have been uncovered to as¬ 
certain if eggs are being deposited. If the 
eggs are numerous the plants should be 
transplanted as soon as possible, the earth 
being shaken from the roots, which will dis¬ 
lodge most of the eggs or young maggots. 
When the plants have reached a desirable 
size they should be transplanted, as they 
are .liable to grow too long and spindling. 
At Fig. 219 is shown strips of differ¬ 
ent sorts of cheesecloth. The second 
strip from the top is best. This contains 
31 threads to the inch. When spread 
over the bed this cloth will keep out in¬ 
sects and give out light enough. This 
plan has been followed by a number of 
practical growers for a number of years. 
In some cases no plank sides are put 
around the beds, but the cheesecloth is 
simply laid over the plants and fastened 
at the edges with stones. The cost of 
screening ran from six to 20 cents per 
1,000 plants—the average about 15. 
Practically no maggots were found on 
these plants—for the insects could not 
get under to lay eggs. 
MISSOURI FRUIT CROP REPORT. 
On the whole, there promises to be a good 
crop of apples throughout the entire State. 
There is universal complaint of a light 
bloom with the Ben Davis type, and now 
and t£en a few other varieties. Jonathan 
promises especially well almost everywhere. 
Reports seem to show the best yield in the 
northeast counties. In the southwest the 
crop is well distributed, although not par¬ 
ticularly heavy. The best prospect for EI- 
berta, the leading commercial peach, is in 
the northeast counties, but there are no 
large orchards there. This variety was 
frozen out in the northwest part of the 
State during the Winter. In the eastern 
counties peaches will be scarce, except a 
few very hardy varieities which escaped in¬ 
jury in March and May. In the central 
counties the peach crop will be irregular. 
In the south central counties, where the 
large peach orchards are located, there will 
be a light crop of Elbertas—probably not 
more than 10 per cent. Th" damage was 
done there by the freeze in March. From 
every part of the State the reports say 
there will be from 75 to 100 per cent, of a 
crop of strawberries. The cold of May 1 
nipped some of the earlier sorts, but did not 
affect the general yield very much, but the 
season will be a few days later than usual. 
Pears seem to have suffered greatly from 
the last cold wave, as this fruit is reported 
short from nearly all sections. 
Lime-Sulphur on Potatoes. 
Tell me how to use lime-sulphur spray on 
potatoes. What proportion? Is it as good 
as or better than Bordeaux? H. E. 0. 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Our reports show that Bordeaux is still 
considered better for potatoes than lime- 
sulphur. We should stick to Bordeaux. 
Cinders and Rust.— I have no experience 
with fencing that could have rusted from 
cinders. Make concrete walks with your 
cinders as rough base, then they will rust 
nothing. Pipes, water or otherwise, will 
rust and become completely riddled in one 
to three years if laid in cinders. This I 
know from repeated experiences. I think it 
is due to the sulphur and moisture which 
works down through the cinder, probably 
forming a very weak sulphuric acid. This 
same acid may form during damp spells 
and cause rusting of fences. But be sure 
you never bury any iron work in cinders. 
Pennsylvania. G. w. M. 
Lime and Sulphur. —I have seen a good 
many letters about lime-sulphur this Spring, 
homemade and commercial brands. We 
used the homemade last year, three spray¬ 
ing and one before the blossom, two after 
the blossoms Ml, and did not get it to 
test better than 29 B.; most of its tested 25 
B. This season 1 have made 60 barrels and 
the test ran all the way from 29 B. to 35 B. 
We started using 50 pounds lime to 100 
pounds sulphur. After we had boiled a 
few barrels we found that we got a better 
test with 45 pounds lime, 104 pounds sul¬ 
phur, boiled 40 minutes with no sediment. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. w. w. D. 
Live Stock and Spraying. —Regarding 
the question of danger to stock in sprayed 
orchards, page 546, would say that we 
have one orchard near the house, in sod, 
that we have sprayed at least three times 
annually with poison for the past 10 years. 
We always use the orchard for pasturing 
the voung Jersey calves that we raise each 
year. They are in the pasture daily all 
Summer. Our horses also run in the or¬ 
chard occasionally. We also keep at least 
a half dozen colony houses of chickens 
here in the Summer from the time they are 
about six weeks to three months old. 
Neither calves nor chicks are kept out of 
orchard at all after spraying, and we get 
the best of results. Both products are pro¬ 
nounced fine by competent judges. These 
are large old trees 100 years old, so that it 
takes lots of spray to cover them. 
Connecticut. everett e. brown. 
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As they some- As “8AVK-TIIE-HOK8E” 
MR. M. F. TRACY, OF FONTANELLO, IOWA, 
UNDER DATE OF MAY 1, 1911, SAYS:—“I 
USED ’SAVE-THE-HORSE’ SOME TWO 
YEARS AGO AND WOULD NOT TAKE SlOO 
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Porksville, Pa.—.Enclose $5 for bottle of “Save-the-lloi ss.” 
Ten years ago I purchased a bottle and cured the worst bog 
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BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
American Fruit Oulturist, Thomas.... $2.50 
Bush Fruits, Card. 1.50 
Principles of Fruit Growing, Bailey. . 1.50 
Successful Fruit Culture, Maynard. . . . LOO 
Dwarf Fruit Trees, Waugh.50 
Plums and Plum Culture, Waugh.... 1.50 
Pruning Book. Bailey. 1.50 
Nursery Book, Bailey. 1-50 
Spraying of Plants. Lodeman. 1.25 
Plant Breeding, Bailey. 1.25 
Evolution of Our Native Fruits, Bailey 2.00 
Survival of The Unlike, Bailey. 2.00 
Horticulturists’ ILule Book, Bailey.75 
The Soil, King. 1.50 
Soils, Ililgard . 4.00 
Fertility of the Land, Roberts. 1.50 
Irrigation and Drainage, King. 1.50 
Fertilizers, Voorhees . 1.25 
Agriculture and Chemistry, Storer, 3 
vols. 5.00 
Forage Crops, Voorhees. 1.50 
Principles of Agriculture, Bailey. 1.25 
Garden Making, Bailey. 1.50 
Vegetable Gardening, Bailey. 1.50 
Forcing Book, Bailey. 1-25 
How Crops Grow, Johnson. 1.50 
How Crops Feed. Johnson. 1.50 
Cereals in America, Hunt. 1.75 
Fcage and Fiber Crops in Artierica, 
Hunt . L75 
Book of Alfalfa, Coburn. 2.00 
Farm Grasses in United States, Spill¬ 
man . 1-00 
Clovers and now to Grow Them, Shaw 1.00 
The Potato, Fraser.75 
Tomato Culture, Tracy.50 
Celery Culture, Beattie.50 
Bean Culture, Sevey.50 
Asparagus, Hexamer .50 
Mushrooms. Falconer . 1-00 
New Rhubarb, Culture, Morse.50 
Greenhouse Construction, Taft. 1.50 
Greenhouse Management, Taft. 1.50 
Chrysanthemum Culture, Herrington.. .50 
Plant Culture, Oliver. 1.50 
The Rose, Kingsley. 2.00 
Landscape Gardening, Waugh.50 
How to Plan the Home Grounds, Par¬ 
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Ornamental Gardening, Long. 1.50 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
409 Pearl Street, NEW YORK CITY 
