1G11. 
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER 
636 
PASTURING OR SOILING CATTLE. 
I have a field of Red clover and a bunch 
of cattle, so please advise me which, in 
your opinion, from a financial standpoint, 
is the better, to pasture or cut and haul 
out each day as much as the cattle will 
cat. i. J. b. 
Kentucky. 
I do not understand whether the cat¬ 
tle are only to have the clever while it 
lasts, or whether it is only to be used 
as a partial soiling. If the former, the 
question of labor must be made sure 
before the work is undertaken, and then 
the condition of the clover as to the 
amount of nutriment it contains, whether 
enough solids for the cattle to thrive on 
it. As to the cost, the reader can tell 
better than anyone else, because he is 
on the ground and knows the circum¬ 
stances. However, the clover need not 
be cut every day, as a sufficient amount 
can be cut at one time to last a day 
or two, and be hauled as needed. When 
soiling is undertaken for a season, sev¬ 
eral crops should be used, each in its 
season; such as rye, wheat, oats, clover, 
vetch, sorghum and others. Under these 
conditions properly sustained one-half 
the land will furnish the crops, and ex¬ 
periments show that the soiled cattle do 
better, gain in flesh, while those on pas¬ 
ture lose. A partial soiling is often a 
profitable undertaking, as by that means 
they can be kept in shade or shelter dur¬ 
ing the day, away from extreme heat 
and flies. A neighbor to the writer a 
few years ago had two cars of cattle to 
finish during the Summer. He only had 
40 acres of pasture, mostly Blue grass. 
Under the most favorable conditions 
this could not have been expected to 
carry them even in addition to their 
corn ration. Aside from the pasture he 
had 11 acres of very fine Alfalfa lying 
in a long strip two or three times as 
long as wide. Commencing at one end, 
cutting across, he would cut down suffi¬ 
cient at a time to last the cattle two or 
three days, hauling out, I think, once a 
day as needed. The hay was fed in 
racks or boxes out in the open. This 
plan was a very satisfactory one. By 
the time the Alfalfa was cut off there 
was a good start at the beginning point 
to start again. During the season so.nr 
of the Alfalfa was cut five times. When 
partial soiling is desired doubtless silage 
would answer better than anything else. 
Put corn in the silo for Winter use, and 
in a large enough quantity to carry the 
cattle during the pasture time, the sea¬ 
son of flies and possible drought. By 
this means the pasture area can be cut 
down at a wonderful rate. This silo 
seems to be attracting very much more 
attention than soiling, the quantity of 
feed that can be grown on an acre be¬ 
ing only limited by the skill of the far¬ 
mer and rainfall.: john m. jamison. 
A YOUNG SHEPHERD’S STORY. 
When I was 18 my father said it was 
time for me to shift for myself; that 
he wanted to see what my schooling 
amounted to in a practical way. We 
were living on a good farm, and father 
offered to pasture a good cow for me 
and give me $50 to start with. Some¬ 
how I didn’t want a cow, but thought I 
should like some sheep. I asked for a 
hundred dollars to buy some sheep 
with, but father didn’t favor the idea 
and wouldn’t give it to me for sheep. 
However, he loaned it to me, and I 
started out and bought 12 grade Shrop- 
shires with it. It was early Fall when I 
purchased my sheep, and after caring 
for them all Winter, had in March not 
only my 12 sheep, but also 16 lambs 
as well. May 1 I sheared the sheep and 
got on an average $2 worth of wool 
from each. Soon after I put the sheep 
to pasture, and during the Summer did 
nothing for them except salt them once 
a week. In the Fall I sold the lambs 
for $5 apiece. Lambs and wool netted 
me $104. With this money I paid off 
half my note to my father and bought 
six more sheep. The second year I 
made about $30 more than the year be¬ 
fore on lambs, and on the wool I made 
about $10 more. I finished paying my 
father and in two years I had 18 sheep 
paid for, and from them in that time I 
made a profit of about $330. In all 
that time I had never lost a lamb, and 
my sheep were always in good health. 
After some study of the problem I 
evolved a simple system of caring for 
the sheep which has proved very satis¬ 
factory. Beginning in the Fall they are 
turned into the field to start them gain¬ 
ing before they are bred. On cold 
nights they are put into the barn. In 
November I commence to feed whole 
corn. When the sheep are in the barn 
for good, they arc fed just what good 
hay they will eat up clean, and no 
more, with grain at night and roots in 
the morning. I found clover hay was 
much better than any other, and that 
coarse ripe Timothy wouldn’t do at alU 
About a month before lambing time I 
begin to feed bran and oats with roots 
of some kind. Only a few sheep are 
kept in a pen, to prevent crowding one 
another; if the lambs are weak, only 
one in a pen. I keep up the feed but 
increase its quantity, and if I want to 
grow the lambs fast I add cotton-seed 
meal to the feed. The rations for the 
lambs are crushed oats and shorts fed 
in a separate creep. When the lambs 
are five days old I dock their tails. 
About the first of April I make a prac¬ 
tice of shearing the sheep, as then they 
can be turned out to pasture early with¬ 
out being troubled by the cold storms. 
Just before turning out to pasture I dip 
all the sheep and lambs for ticks and 
lice. The weekly salting for the Sum¬ 
mer is all the care they need then. 
One thing I am very particular about 
is to keep the water tubs and cribs well 
cleaned. This has to be done daily. 
Then too, I bed the sheep with clean 
straw once a week or oftener. These 
precautions are very necessary, as sheep 
have an antipathy to dirt anywhere. 
Maine. J. E. T. 
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE. 
Damage to pome fruits is reported from 
the Pacific Coast. It is expected that apri¬ 
cots and peaches will be considerably high¬ 
er, and pears will be affected to some 
extent. Packers are slow about making 
contracts, hoping that the damage may be 
less than anticipated. 
Reeling .Tunk. —“Give the name of some 
reliable dealer in old rubber, brass, iron, 
etc. Tin pedlers take it, but they pay so 
little that I would like to sell it direct.” 
New York. j. t. 
There may be honest junk dealers here 
who will receive shipments from outsiders 
and pay somewhere near what the junk is 
worth, but we have not found any of them. 
There are plenty who will make first-class 
promises, but, when the goods come, will 
claim short weight and poor quality, so 
that the seller gets but a fraction of their 
value, if he gets anything. Where the 
seller can see the junk weighed and hold 
4ip his end of a wordy battle with the 
dealer, he may get full value, but not other¬ 
wise. 
Liverpool, England, has put an embargo 
on grain shipments from Philadelphia, Pa., 
until inspection abuses alleged to exist at 
that port are done away with. It is claimed 
that No. 3 and under has been passed and 
shipped at Philadelphia as No. 2. Liver¬ 
pool is not specially concerned as to where 
the responsibility lies, whether caused by 
incompetent inspection, pressure of ship¬ 
pers, etc., but is taking the most effective 
method of bringing about the needed re¬ 
form. 
This difficulty is not confined to Phila¬ 
delphia or to grain alone. There is a prev¬ 
alent disposition in business to work off in¬ 
ferior grades of goods in a way that is 
thoroughly dishonest. Ruch practices are 
excused as trade customs, and we are told 
that a man cannot meet competition un¬ 
less he follows the custom. Perhaps the 
inferior goods will slide through without 
notice. Hence part cotton goods are sold 
for all wool; hay bales are stuffed; cull 
fruit is mixed with good, and good and in¬ 
ferior eggs ditto; seeds and nursery stocjt 
wrongly labeled; poultry made to qualify 
for show points by means of the scissors 
and dye pot; nondescript live stock sold as 
purebred with pedigrees ad libitum made 
from the seller’s resourceful imagination. 
It is true that dishonest dealing is often 
temporarily successful, but close observa¬ 
tion of it usually shows that as a side issue 
it is constructing for its own hanging a 
rope of far better material than the goods 
it has put into commerce. 
Spinners to Consolidate. —For about 
three years conditions in cotton spinning in 
this country have not been good. Raw ma¬ 
terial has been too high to make yarns 
profitably on the current price basis. It 
might be thought that the cost of raw cot¬ 
ton would determine the price of the fin¬ 
ished yarns, but the public has a way, 
sometimes, of not buying—of using some¬ 
thing else—when the price of an article 
does not suit them, even though they may 
not gain in the end by it. Because of 
trade conditions many yarn mills have been 
running on short time, resulting in idle 
capital and operatives. Among the pro¬ 
posed remedies is consolidation of a large 
number of mills into a $30,000,000 corpora¬ 
tion. Details of the plan are not yet given 
out, but it is thought that interests repre¬ 
senting over 500,000 spindles will favor 
consolidation, in the hope of lessening man¬ 
ufacturing and selling cost and correctly 
forecasting the market demand both as to 
quantity and fashion changes. 
One effect of the trust idea as applied to 
manufacturing is to do away with many 
small plants, as one executive and superin¬ 
tending head can handle the work of sev¬ 
eral mills as well as one, and other econ¬ 
omies in transportation, etc., can be made. 
We wonder, however, whether the well dis¬ 
posed men in such combinations—well dis¬ 
posed so far as their thought toward the 
rest of humanity is concerned—have noted 
the very close cause-and-effect relation be¬ 
tween the problems of crowded city life, 
the unwholesome physical conditions and 
warped and twisted mental and moral atti¬ 
tude of great numbers of factory workers 
in cities, and the dismantling of the small 
country factory, where employees had their 
own homes and gardens and peaceful Run- 
days and wholesome social life. But human 
greed is great. Men put aside their better 
thoughts, and hesitate not to break up com¬ 
munities by taking away their small fac¬ 
tories, and the workers must follow them 
to the cities or drop their trade of a work¬ 
ing lifetime. Of course all country fac¬ 
tory communities are not ideal, and all city 
factories are not kingdoms of oppression and 
evil; but those who have seen much of 
both sides know that, from the standpoint 
of human good rather than vast wealth, the 
“preponderance of evidence” favors the 
country factory. 
So we have our “problems of the cities,” 
with the "masses” to “nplift,” and an in¬ 
heritance of ill-born and crippled children 
to be care for in homes, asylums and re¬ 
form schools. These institutions are well 
supported by public and private money ; but 
how much better to make the channels of 
work more livable, and let the workers 
“uplift” themselves. The State and Na¬ 
tion may well consider the effect of alleged 
progress and business economies in which 
the corporate hand is made dominant, and 
the individual scornfully brushed aside. To 
those employers of labor who have mixed 
the blood and flesh of men with their molten 
iron, who maim children’s hands with 
ill-supervised machinery in crowded factor¬ 
ies, and pile grievous burdens on their 
workers, this searching question, asked 
more than 2,000 years ago, comes with in¬ 
sistent emphasis : “What mean ye that ye 
beat my people to pieces, and grind the faces 
of the poor?” w. w. h. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
AND UP 
WARD 
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subject to a long trial and 
fully guaranteed, for 
$15.95. It skims one 
quart of milk 
minute, warm or 
makes heavy or light 
and does it just as 
any higher priced machine. Designed for small 
dairies, hotels, restaurants and private 
families. Different from this picture, which 
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boy or girl can run it. The crank is orlv 5 
inches long. Just think of that! The bowl is 
a sanitary marvel, easily cleaned, and em¬ 
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in anti-friction bearings and are thoroughly 
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separator of any capacity whatever, obtain our 
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every American Separator. We ship im¬ 
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catalog. Address, 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., bainMI.n.y, 
Make All Kinds of 
GheeseAt Home 
Newly Invented Complete 
L Cheese - Making Outfit Puts 
Every Farmer in the Cheese 
Business—Big Profits Made 
Right At Home! 
It is no longer necessary for Farmers to buy 
Btore cheese at a high price, or sell their milk to 
the Cheese Trust at a low price. A clever inven¬ 
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cheese right at home either for hi3 own con¬ 
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Outfit consists of the following} One Cheese 
Press, One Horizontal Curd Knife, One Perpen¬ 
dicular Curd Knife. One Dairy Thermometer, 
One Bottle Rennett Extract, One Bottle Col¬ 
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Cheese-Making Outfit is sold direct from factory 
to farm at one small profit over actual cost to 
manufacture. It is simple, inexpensive, easily 
operated and pays for itself in a very short time. 
Capacity of this Outfit is from 25 to 40 quarts, 
making a cheese weighing from eight to ten 
pounds. With milk selling around 80 and 90 cents 
per hundred, any Farmer can save about one- 
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Sharpies Mechanical Milker 
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Simple in Construction and Operation 
Uses One Size Teat Cup for All Cows. 
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i 
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