1911. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
647 
LIME-SULPHUR FOR POTATOES. 
I have been lying low for a long time 
to see what The R. N.-Y. has to say on 
the use of commercial lime-sulphur as a 
fungicide for potatoes. I notice the 
trend is for lime-sulphur as a fungicide 
for fruit. Our money crop for many 
years has been potatoes, and I have been 
using the Bordeaux Mixture since 1904. 
Last year we used in connection with 
Bordeaux, arsenate of lead thrice. Our 
formula, generally, is five pounds cop¬ 
per sulphate, five pounds wood-burned 
lime, 55 gallons water, and five pounds 
arsenate of lead. The commercial lime- 
sulphur, using l x / 2 gallon to 55 gallons 
of water, would cost about the same as 
Bordeaux and would be a great deal 
more convenient. Certainly ' we are 
looking for something better than Bor¬ 
deaux. W. o. h. 
Macungie, Pa. 
R. N.-Y.—It seems to be well settled 
that lime-sulphur is a good substitute 
for Bordeaux in fruit culture. It is 
now being used so generally that the 
price of sulphate of copper has fallen. 
As for potatoes, the best we can learn 
is that lime-sulphur is not so well 
adapted to this crop. Bordeaux seems 
to be superior in fighting potato dis¬ 
eases. We would not, willingly, start 
our readers on a wrong track. While 
lime-sulphur at the proper strength 
may be safely recommended for fruit 
spraying, we would use it only as an 
experiment on potatoes. We shall use it 
on about half our own crop this year. 
Carcassei in Fertilizer. 
8. E. A., New Egypt, N. J. —What in¬ 
gredients should be used in conjunction 
with cooked and dried (ground) horseflesh, 
etc., to make fertilizer? 
'Ans. —This subject was quite thor¬ 
oughly discussed last year in The R. 
N.-Y. Such carcasses when cooked and 
crushed correspond quite closely to tank¬ 
age and contain nitrogen and phosphoric 
acid. There is little or no potash in 
the animal body. The best chemicals 
to use with such material are acid phos¬ 
phate and muriate or sulphate of potash. 
Seeding Clover on a Sod. 
G. B. P., Pittston, Pa. —I have a field of 
rye sown last Fall with eights quarts of 
Timothy per acre. The Timothy is seeded 
fairly well, but this Spring, through a mis¬ 
understanding, no clover was sown. What 
can you suggest as the best way to get it 
in clover? It is now too late in the season 
for me to sow clover on top of the ground, 
and I cannot run a harrow over the Tim¬ 
othy and rye to freshen the ground. 
Ans. —We have never been able to 
start a good “catch” of clover in a one- 
year-old sod. Unless we can get the 
clover seed on the Spring following the 
Fall seeding of rye and grass, it seems 
impossible to make it grow. Sometimes 
when the clover is seeded in the mud 
and the meadow afterwards harrowed 
over, a scattering stand will be found, 
but usually any attempt to seed clover 
on an old sod will fail. If anyone 
can tell how to do it successfully we 
all want to know. 
Destroying Woodchucks. 
M. I{. 8., Guildford, Conn .—What is the 
remedy to 'destroy woodchucks in their 
holes? It was published in The R. N.-Y. 
and is a drug that you place in the hole, 
then plug the hole; the drug must not be 
inhaled. 
Ans.— What you mean is evidently 
bi-sulphide of carbon. This liquid evap¬ 
orates when exposed to the air. The 
fumes are heavy and work down. In 
using for woodchucks cotton is wrapped 
around a stone and saturated with the 
liquid and pushed down into the hole. 
If all the openings can then be closed 
the fumes will kill the woodchuck. Be 
careful not to breathe them. Usually 
the woodchuck has several openings to 
his burrow, and this would let him es¬ 
cape. Some people use part of a stick 
of dynamite. It is put down into the 
hole and exploded. The surest way is 
to station some good marksman with a 
rifle where he can view the field. The 
“chucks” come out in early morning or 
late afternoon to feed and may be shot. 
Damaged Plum Leaves; Early Apple. 
E. B., Massachusetts. —1. Last year I 
used arsenate of lead on my Abundance 
plum trees at the rate of three pounds to 
50 gallons of water. A few weeks later 
I found the leaves full of small holes. Did 
the arsenate of lead cause them? Would it 
be advisable to use it on peach trees with 
the self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture? 2. A 
year ago last Fall I planted an apple tree 
labeled Jonathan in my vegetable garden. 
This Spring I find it blossomed. Do you 
think it is true to name? Is the Jonathan 
an early bearer? 
Ans. — 1 . In all probability there was 
some damage to the plum leaves by the 
arsenic. Two pounds to 50 gallons of 
water is the usual proportion, and this 
is effective or even a less amount. This 
is usually put into lime-sulphur mix¬ 
ture for preventing fungus diseases and 
the arsenate of lead acts as an insecticide 
and also makes the fungicide more ef¬ 
fective. It is just the thing for peach 
trees in foliage and has a most bene¬ 
ficial effect on the fruit. 
2. Jonathan apple trees sometimes 
bloom very early in life and I am not 
astonished that the tree mentioned had 
flowers on it the second year from plant¬ 
ing. It will not bear much, however, 
for several years yet in Massachusetts. 
In the Far West this and other varie¬ 
ties of the apple bear very much earliet* 
and sometimes the fruit must be thinned 
or taken off altogether. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Smut in Corn. —Corn smut Is a neg¬ 
ligible pest In this locality, where home¬ 
grown seed is the main reliance, but ex¬ 
perience covering 43 years warrants dis¬ 
sent from advice on page 492. Invariably 
has infestation of smut been prominent in 
the small plots of early garden sorts bought 
from seedsmen and planted without treat¬ 
ment with solution of bluestone. A bushel 
c 2 seed corn sent me from central Illiuols 
and planted without treatment yielded a 
phenomenal crop of smut, without exag¬ 
geration three-fourths the stalks being in¬ 
fested. Home-grown seed on same field and 
leeward produced a normal crop with 
wonted immunity. Could it have been a 
coincidence, and likewise the immunity of 
early sorts soaked in bluestone? I im¬ 
agined that Illinois corn was grown on a 
Sangamon River bottom which was con¬ 
tinuously cropped and soil impregnated 
with the spores. Let me add that the best 
farmer of the county admired that variety 
with its short, sturdy stalk and mammoth 
ear, bespeaking seed. I found but one ideal 
ear, the entire crop being chaffy, j. t. b. 
Kentucky. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
MENTAL ACCURACY 
Greatly Improved by Leaving Off Coffee. 
The manager of an extensive creamery 
in Wis. states that while a regular coffee 
drinker, he found it injurious to his 
health and a hindrance to the perform¬ 
ance of his business duties. 
“It impaired my digestion, gave me a 
distressing sense of fullness in the region 
of the stomach, causing a most painful 
and disquieting palpitation of the heart, 
and what is worse, it muddled my mental 
faculties so as to seriously injure my 
business efficiency. 
“I finally concluded that something 
would have to be done. I quit the use of 
coffee, short off, and began to drink 
Postum. The cook didn’t make it right 
at first—she didn’t boil it long enough, 
and I did not find it palatable and quit 
using it and went back to coffee and to 
the stomach trouble again. 
“Then my wife took the matter in 
hand, and by following the directions on 
the box, faithfully, she had me drinking 
Postum for several days before I knew it. 
“When I happened to remark that I 
was feeling much better than I had for a 
long time, she told me that I had been 
drinking Postum, and that accounted for 
it. Now we have no coffee on our table. 
“My digestion has been restored, and 
with this improvement has come relief 
from the oppressive sense of fullness and 
palpitation of the heart that used to 
bother me so. I note such a gain in 
mental strength and acuteness that I can 
attend to my office work with ease and 
pleasure and without making the mistakes 
that were so annoying to me while I 
was using coffee. 
“Postum is the greatest table drink of 
the times, in my humble estimation.” 
Name given by Postum Co., Battle 
Creek, Mich. 
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*Pre Rogers & Hubbard Co. 
Middletown, Conn., 
Send for Free Almanac telling all about 
the Hubbard “ Bone Base ” Fertilizers. 
Bristol Co., Mass., Dec. 5,1910. 
The Rogers & Hubbard Co., 
Middletown, Conn. 
Gentlemen:—I have just finished husking 
one lot of Corn from 114 acres, on which I 
used ton of Hubbard’s “Bone Base” 
Soluble Corn and General Crops Manure 
and Complete Phosphate per acre. It 
yielded 172 bushels of ears of sound Corn. 
1 am so well pleased with the result that I 
thought you would like to know it. The 
lot had a coating of stable manure ploughed 
in in 1909, but 1 used nothing but Hub¬ 
bard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizer this year. 
There may be other good Fertilizers, but 
Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizer is good 
enough for me. 
Sincerely yours, 
Joshua T. Durfee. 
