1B11. 
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER 
698 
M I JLi K. 
The New York Exchange price is .$1.31 
per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents per 
quart to shippers in 2 G-cent zone who have 
no additional station charges. 
Milk is sold by farmers, direct to con¬ 
sumer, at 15, 20 and 25 cents per gallon. 
Some cream goes to factory or creamery at 
23 cents per pound, for butter fat. The 
chickens are the best things on our farm, 
but we have no figures. d. c. a. 
1 ndiana. 
The average prices for our milk is from 
eight to 10 cents per gallon. Many near 
go to the creamery because there is a 
creamery every five to eight miles. Poul¬ 
try prices are good; chicken, from 10 to 12 
cents per pound, alive. b. F. c. 
1 ndiana. 
Information having come to this depart¬ 
ment that there is a practice in vogue 
among a limited number of cheesemakers of 
this State of using skimmed milk as starter 
when manufacturing cheese, notice is hereby 
given that cheese made in this way is, under 
the provisions of the law, skimmed milk 
cheese and, before being sold, must be 
branded as “Skimmed Milk Cheese.” 
It. A. PEARSON, 
N. Y. Commissioner of griculture. 
Milk retails for four cents per pint and 
is sold by local dairymen (farmers), who 
I'.ave their regular route customers; also it 
is sold to grocerymen wholesale for six 
tents per quart, and they sell to consumers 
for eight cents per quart. Many farmers 
: t a distance of 10 to 20 miles ship to 
large creamery and big concerns by rail or 
interurban lines and get 11)4 to 12 cents 
per gallon. Some small ice cream makers 
pay a little more, just as they can get it. 
Fort Wayne, Ind. a. s. k. 
The milk in this vicinity is mostly hauled 
to one man, who pasteurizes it, and he 
ships to the Cardfner Dairy, Baltimore, 
Md. In Winter we get as high as ,$1.70 
a hundred, but now we only get $1.32 a 
hundred for milk that tests four per cent 
butter fact. We have a creamery about 
three miles from here; they are paying 23 
cents a pound for butter, and you get vour 
milk back, which I think is a big item 
for hogs and calves. I keep eight milch 
cows; I only have one-fourth mile to haul 
milk but do not of course get any skim- 
milk back. C. M. R. 
I’arkton, Md. 
Some of the farmers have dairies within 
three or four miles of the city and retail 
their milk at five cents a quart in Summer 
and (>% cents in Winter. Some sell to the 
milk depot wholesale at 12 j/j cents a gallon 
and they deliver it in the city. Some 
farmers have butter customers, private fam¬ 
ilies, and get 35 cents per pound; others 
sell to the stores at market price, which 
is from 15 to 30 cents. Eggs are handled 
the same way, from 10 cents up. Last 
Winter they were up to 40 cents, but that 
was an exception. Poultry is sold to whole¬ 
sale dealers, and some go through the 
country and buy it up. They pay from 10 
to 12 cents. Spring chickens are worth 
25 cents, but must not weigh over 1% 
pounds. j. s. f. 
Quincy, Ill. 
Some sell their milk to the creamery and 
receive about $1.30 per 100 pounds at pres¬ 
ent; some sell to the dairymen in the city 
and get 13 cents per gallon. The dairymen 
then peddle it and get $1 for 14 quarts. 
But most farmers have separators, make 
butter and sell it in the city. They get 25 
cents at the store, and 30 cents from pri¬ 
vate families. This is not much of a dairy 
country; it is mainly farming; corn, wheat, 
oats and potatoes. There is not much 
poultry in this part of the country; hardly 
ever more than 100 hens on a farm. Some 
peddle their eggs in the city, while others 
fake theirs to the stores. There is only 
one poultry raiser in this locality, and he 
cells his chicks in St. Louis when they are 
about three days old.. a. r. h. 
Belleville, Ill. 
I am not familiar as to the quantity of 
milk produced in Baltimore County, blit it 
will reach many thousand gallons daily. 
Where I live in Long Hreen Valley, on the 
line of the M. & I*. R. u. t 1.5 miles from 
Baltimore, there are at least 1.000 gallons 
of milk shipped daily to Baltimore. The 
farmers ship their milk to dealers in the 
city ; the railroad charges the producer two 
cents per gallon for a 15-mile haul. The 
dealer paid the producer from fhe first of 
November. 1910, 19 cents per gallon deliv¬ 
ered at the station at Baltimore, until the 
first of March, 1911. From March to the 
first of May they cut the price one cent per 
gallon, making 18 cents. On the first of 
May they cut the price two cents per gal¬ 
lon, making 10 cents, which will be the 
price until about October or November. 
You will see now that the farmer is only 
getting 14 cents per gallon after paying 
the railroad company two cents for hauling 
It. J'his same dealer retails his milk from 
November to March for nine cents per quart, 
or 30 cents per gallon. The remainder of 
the year he gets eight cents per quart, or 
32 cents per gallon. You see now that the 
dealer gets more for handling it than the 
farmer gets for producing it. The last year 
or two many farmers quit the business on 
account of high price of feed ; there was no 
money in the business. The dealers make 
themselves safe with the farmer. If any 
milk sours on their hands, they ship it back 
to the farmer, who has to lose it, besides 
paving two cents per gallon for returning it. 
I he deale. makes a contract to pay on the 
loth of each month. If the dealer is all 
right your money is safe. If not, the dealer 
Wins and you lose. Poultry and eggs are 
generally taken to market bv the farmers 
imd sold at retail, which is about ,’our 
cents per pound above wholesale for poultry, 
and about four cents above quotation prices 
for eggs. _ Butter is also sold in the same 
way. It is the middleman who is respon¬ 
sible for high living. The farmer is only 
getting a bare living out of it. I have 
sold sugar corn and put it on a huckster’s 
stand at 12 cents per dozen ears. lie re¬ 
tailed it out at 25 cents per dozen, getting 
one cent more for handling and counting 
It than I got for growing it and hauling It 
lo miles and placing it on his stall. 
Baldwin, Md. h. z. m. 
THE BOSTON MILK SITUATION. 
In regard to the indictment of milk 
contractors, N. Y., N. II. & II. R. R. and 
Mr. Hunter of the B. C. M. I\ Co., we ex¬ 
pect this is no bluff, but a serious business 
all right. I do not know much about it 
except through the papers, but have heard 
various stories. Many of us have had sus¬ 
picions about Hunter and the contractor 
fixing up the price to be paid for milk 
and have heard he was getting pay from 
both sides. This will probably prove the 
story false or true as the case may be, and 
settle all doubts about it. I do not think 
the Government has gone at this case with¬ 
out good evidence. The contractors have 
a mint of money behind them, and may 
squeeze through with a light fine, but I 
know they feel shaky. Common public 
sentiment is very much against them, both 
in city and country, and I should not be 
surprised if they got a good dose, perhaps 
a fine and imprisonment also. How it will 
affect the milk business in general is hard 
to tell. There is no confidence or stability 
to it at the present time, and we are afraid 
it will be some time before confidence will 
be fully restored, if it ever is. One thing 
in tiie producers’ favor the Governor seems 
to be working for us, and I know he is 
studying the conditions of production and 
will and has cut off some of the funny 
business certain interested city people are 
trying to ring in on us. a. e. p. 
Massachusetts. 
MILK INSPECTION AT BUFFALO. 
A reader in Erie Co., N. Y., saw a state¬ 
ment in the Buffalo Express by the corpora¬ 
tion counsel of Buffalo that the city health 
commission had no power to inspect dairies 
outside the city limits. On the strength of 
this the farmer refused to let the Buffalo 
inspectors into his barn. As a result his 
milk was rejected, causing loss to both 
farmer and milk dealer. This milk was 
giving good satisfaction when rejected. 
This man wants to know who is right 
about Inspection and if he can collect dam¬ 
ages. We wrote both the health commis¬ 
sioner and the corporation counsel. 
The Corporation Counsel’s Opinion. 
T am in receipt of your letter of May 20, 
1911, in which you claim that one of the 
readers of The Rural New-Yorker refused 
to allow an inspector of the health depart¬ 
ment of the City of Buffalo to enter his 
barn, and as a result his shipment of milk 
to Buffalo was refused, and asking me if 
tiie law permitted the health commissioner 
to reject milk in that arbitrary way with¬ 
out notification, and if there was any re¬ 
dress for the man whose milk was returned. 
The article printed in the Buffalo Express, 
to which you refer in your letter, was to 
the effect that an ordinance of the City of 
Buffalo could not be enacted vesting the 
power, in the health commissioner to in¬ 
spect dairies situated outside of tiie limits 
of the City of Buffalo, because ordinances 
of this city have no extraterritorial effect, 
and that the public health law and agri¬ 
cultural law made ample provisions for 
such inspections. As a general rule, muni¬ 
cipal corporations’ powers cease at muni¬ 
cipal boundaries and cannot—without plain 
manifestation of legislative intention—be 
exercised beyond its limits. The Legisla¬ 
ture, however, may authorize the exorcise 
of powers beyond municipal limits and has 
frequently done so, particularly in matters 
within the police power; but I am of the 
opinion that the Legislature of the State 
of New York has not granted to the City 
of Buffalo by its charter, or under any of 
the general statutes, the necessary authority 
to inspect dairies without the limits of 
the city. 
I am unable to say from the statement 
contained in your letter whether the in¬ 
spector in this case had authority to enter 
the barn of your reader, for the reason 
that such inspector might have been act¬ 
ing under the authority granted to him by 
tne Commissioner of Agriculture of thA 
State of Ne-.v York; but, even then, it is my 
opinion that the health commissioner of the 
City of Buffalo had no power arbitrarily to 
reject the milk of the reader of your jour¬ 
nal because of his refusal to allow an in¬ 
spection of his premises, provided that the 
milk was of the standard prescribed by the 
agriculture law. Of course, if such milk 
was below the standard ascertained by an 
inspection of the same within the limits of 
fhe City of Buffalo, the health authorities 
of this municipality were within their 
rights in compelling the return of the milk. 
As to the question of whether there is 
any redress for the person who had his 
milk rejected, I am unable to determine 
with certainty without having all the facts 
presented to me. As a general proposition, 
however, I can say that if the health com¬ 
missioner of this city exceeded his authority 
in this case, and the owner whose milk was 
rejected was in no way at fault himself, 
undoubtedly the law will provide an ade¬ 
quate remedy. CLARK 11 . hammond. 
The Health Commissioner’s Opinion. 
The Department of Health of the City of 
Buffalo maintains a dairy farm inspection 
service in the interest of the public health. 
The inspectors qualify under civil service 
and are appointed as milk inspectors, in 
accordance with their standing, the highest 
first. They are also appointed inspectors in 
the State Department of Health, giving 
them State authority. The city has no 
jurisdiction beyond the city limits, lint re¬ 
serves the light to reject commodities 
with detrimental possibilities, such as milk, 
when there is lack of knowledge, relative to 
the manner of its production. The in¬ 
spectors, therefore, have legal rights and 
State, authority to make inspections, and 
the city reserves the privilege of rejecting 
certain commodities without satisfactory 
knowledge as to their production, etc. 
When a dairy farm declines to permit in¬ 
spection of its facilities, under these con¬ 
ditions, the department, in justice to others, 
to its own responsibilities, and in maintain¬ 
ing system, declines to accept such product. 
When inspection is accepted reinstatement 
is made. The propriety of such rule is for¬ 
tified by experience, illustrative of which 
is the following: A man declined inspec¬ 
tion, sold one or more cows to another 
party. When this party was inspected, it 
was found that he had a cow with what 
appeared to be suppurating lump jaw, 
which cow was the one purchased. Another 
illustration is where the inspector was re¬ 
fused the privilege of inspecting because he 
was a colored man. There has been no 
controversy, of which I am aware of. In¬ 
stances of this character are few, almost 
isolated, I believe; three or four in num¬ 
ber out of several thousand inspections. 
Relative to the opinion of Judge Ham¬ 
mond. Some time ago the Corporation 
Counsel was asked for an opinion regarding 
permits and licenses, and without request 
for any opinion as to inspection, added 
the opinion to which you refer, and which 
was correct, in that the city had no legal 
right or justification outside the city limits. 
He was not, at the time, aware of the fact 
that designated milk inspectors were also 
inspectors of the State department, other¬ 
wise it would not have been made. This in¬ 
stance has been tiie basis for a few of the 
cases that have occurred. Whenever any 
dairy farm, or its product, is interdicted, 
full notification is made. I enclose here¬ 
with two forms which are used under such 
circumstances. One as regards to milk, the 
other as to sanitary inspection. The neces¬ 
sity for dairy farm inspection requires no 
argument. In this section it was most 
timely, as the majority of dairy farmers, 
and all good ones, will corroborate. The 
results have been most gratifying. Last 
year the bacterial count of miik was very 
high, many in the millions. This year but 
few exceed the limit of 500,000. 
When inspection was first instituted 
there was, naturally, some little misunder¬ 
standing, much of which was due to the 
character of some of the inspectors, who 
misrepresented the department, and made 
trouble. They have since been dispensed 
with. The chief of the milk division has 
addressed many meetings of producers and 
grangers, and .it is believed that almost all 
are co-operating with the department. Of 
course, among 1,400, there will bo come ex¬ 
ceptions, but they are really very few. 
The attitude of the dairy farmers is that 
if they arc to have inspection, “treat all 
alike.” The attitude of the department is 
to create no hardships, administer the 
“square deal” and secure the good will and 
co-operation of the farmer. Its require¬ 
ments are most reasonable, being only those 
which all good dairymen maintain ordinar¬ 
ily, viz. : the production of milk under san¬ 
itary conditions, and, lastly, when it asks 
for corrections, it does so in tne kindest 
spirit for the common good. 
J. K. FRONCZAK. 
A Georgia Dairy. — I do not think 
that there is any large success to be 
made in running a dairy on scrub land 
or with scrub cattle. I ant certain that 
this line of business, like all others at 
the present time, must be carried on in 
a modern manner to make it a success. 
We have a very fine farm, a part of 
which is river bottom land. We have 
grown sorghum cane on this land 15 feet 
high, and have averaged 10 tons to 
the acre. We also have very fine Ber¬ 
muda pasture, lasting from the middle 
of March to the middle of November. 
We have a silo holding 110 tons, and 
we also have a large Winter pasture of 
rye or barley, and we have real good 
purebred Jersey cattle. We are located 
within six miles of Macon, where cream 
is sold at $1 to $1.10 per gallon, and 
butter fat at 40 cents per pound. We 
have a railroad station on the place, 
steam separator, and all other conven¬ 
iences, which enable us to make some 
money on our dairy proposition. As 
stated above, however, I do not think 
that it can be made a very great suc¬ 
cess unless carried on in a strictly up- 
to-date manner. c. e. newton. 
Georgia. 
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For summer uses special prices on quantities. 
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