«6« 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
August 26, 
A CASE OF RASPBERRY RUST. 
C. E. M., Salittbury, N. II .—Two years 
ago I set out 500 raspberry plants, and all 
grew and seemed doing well till midsum¬ 
mer, when the central row was struck with 
rust. After a while I took those up, and 
this Spring planted in some from the re¬ 
maining young stock. These, too, soon be¬ 
came infested, also most of the 500 first 
set out. Are this year's new shoots likely 
to be fit to dig up and reset? What is the 
cause of the rust? Where I got my plants 
there is a plantation of 15 years’ growth 
with no rust, nor do my neighbors within 
10 minutes walk have any. 
Ans.— Rust on raspberries cannot be 
treated by spraying. Jt is caused by a 
fungus that gets into the young shoots 
under ground, and grows up through 
the canes, finally appearing on the 
leaves, giving them the characteristic 
yellow tinge. Plants that are infected 
usually send up more than the normal 
number of canes, and a plant that ap¬ 
pears sickly, with few prickles on the 
canes, has it, and it will show up on 
the leaves later. The fungus may be 
in the ground, it may have come from 
wild berry bushes growing nearby, or it 
may have been in the young plants when 
they were set out. In the case at hand, 
it may have been in the plantation of 15 
years’ growth, but not to show up so as 
to be noticed by this inquirer. A few of 
the plants he obtained there had it, and 
conditions where he planted them were 
favorable for it to break out. The only 
treatment is to cut out every plant that 
shows the least signs of it, roots and all, 
and burn them up. It is very apt to 
spread. Then keep the patch well cul¬ 
tivated, giving a chance for a healthy 
growth in the plants that are still free 
of the disease. Also cut out all dead 
wood and old canes in the healthy 
plants. I have seen a patch where rust 
appeared, and this treatment followed 
with success, although a large number of 
plants were cut out in the process, and it 
was taken in hand immediately when 
the disease showed up. It would cer¬ 
tainly not be advisable to dig up the 
new shoots from this infested patch and 
reset them. Most of them, as he says, 
are struck with it now. He would bet¬ 
ter get healthy plants somewhere, from 
his neighbors if he can, and set them 
out on other ground, plow up the old 
bed, burn the plants and grow some¬ 
thing other than berries on it for 
awhile. This is heroic treatment, but it 
is the safest thing to do, and quite surely 
the most profitable, m. k. 
CONNECTICUT FRUIT GROWERS VISIT 
PROFESSOR HENRY’S FARM. 
One of the most valuable forms of farm¬ 
ers’ institute work in Connecticut is the 
holding of field meetings right on the farm 
of some successful fruit grower or dairy¬ 
man. Such meetings afford the best pos¬ 
sible opportunity for studying and criticis¬ 
ing operations as they are found in actual 
practice. By invitation of the Connecticut 
Bornological Society and the owners, more 
than 600 of the best fruit growers in the 
State met at the farm of Prof. W. A. Henry 
and son in Wallingford on August 9, and 
spent the day in inspecting their 50 acres 
set to peach, apple, sour cherry and plum. 
Professor Henry’s work is a valuable illus¬ 
tration of the successful use of capital in 
building up a profitable fruit farm when 
the operations are directed by the most up- 
to-date scientific methods. In 1905 Profes¬ 
sor Henry came to Connecticut from the 
University of Wisconsin, where he had 
spent over 30 years, having made a special¬ 
ty of stock and dairy husbandry. lie be¬ 
lieved, however, that the East afforded bet¬ 
ter opportunities in farming to-day than 
the West, and he decided to engage in fruit 
growing in order to establish his son in a 
congenial and profitable industry. For the 
first five years the work was mainly the 
clearing up of an old general purpose farm 
and the planting and caring for the trees. 
Most of the higher ground was rough pas¬ 
ture and sprout land filled with stumps and 
bowlders. The work of clearing and break¬ 
ing up these fields was done mainly with 
oxen, but dynamite was used tor the larger 
rocks. The first peach orchard Professor 
Henry set. with his own hands, in the 
Spring of 1905, and this orchard has given 
three crops and is now heavily loaded with 
fruit. Last year’s harvest from these nine 
acres sold for over .$3,500. Orchards were 
shown from one year’s planting up, and the j 
methods of culture, spraying and trimming I 
were of great interest. It was evident that I 
Professor Henry did not hesitate to adopt j 
new and independent methods if he be- | 
lieved they were based on sound scientific I 
principles. One orchard was set five years i 
ago on a heavy, rather wet soil, where i 
good natural drainage was lacking. This I 
area was underdrained with tile in all of j 
the wet portions, and to-day the surface 
soil is loose and friable, and the trees 
seemed fully as vigorous and the crop just 
as heavy as on any of the other orchards. 
The Ilenrys have made good profits in 
growing the sour cherry, and have found 
that the large commission houses cannot 
get enough of them. These trees make 
nearly as rapid growth as the peach, and 
have been brought into profitable bearing 
the fourth year. Several orchards were 
interplanted to peach and apple, and the 
large growth of the apple trees indicated 
heavy feeding. Trees of Yellow Transparent 
and McIntosh Red, five years set, were 
many of them bearing half a bushel each of 
choice fruit. The Ilenrys are strong advo¬ 
cates of spraying, and have found Sum¬ 
mer spraying ai both apple and peach to be 
safe and profitable. The self-boiled 8-8-50 
lime-sulphur mixture has been found safest 
on the peach, and the rich green, smooth 
foliage indicated no Injury. 
All of the orchards are kept cultivated in 
the early part of the season, but are all 
seeded to some cover crop about the middle 
of July. This year, on account of the 
severe drought, the orchards were not seed¬ 
ed till two or three weeks later than usual. 
Clover is used mostly as a cover crop, and 
this year the bill for clover seed alone was 
over $300. The Ilenrys believe this to be 
the cheapest form of nitrogen they can 
buy. Except for heavily bearing orchards 
no commercial nitrogen is bought. Cow 
peas and Hairy vetch have been used as 
cover crops, to some extent, but the common 
Red clover has proven most valuable. Pro¬ 
fessor Henry said he would not hesitate to 
grow weeds as a cover crop if nothing bet¬ 
ter was available. In fact, weeds were 
allowed to grow under all of the larger 
trees, and the cultivation was confined to 
the areas between the trees. This practice 
was condemned by some of the largest 
peach growers, who practice clean culture 
right up to the base of the trees. Professor 
Henry believes that very little injury re¬ 
sults from the weed growth directly under 
the trees, while it prevents injury to the 
trunks of the trees in cultivating and allows 
the limbs to extend close to the ground, 
making it easier to spray and to gather the 
fruit. Most of the fertilizer is applies! be¬ 
tween the rows of trees, and the soil there 
being warmer the feeding roots extend 
mainly beyond the line of the branches. 
The moisture, food and temperature con¬ 
ditions are all most favorable in the soil 
areas beyond the line of the branches, while 
the roots beneath the trees are not the 
chief feeding roots, and the weeds there 
do not seem to rob the tree of much food 
or water. With young trees this would 
not be the case, and these trees are always 
kept cultivated close up to the stems. 
After a basket picnic lunch on the 
grounds about the Henry homestead, Pro¬ 
fessor Henry welcomed the guests, paying a 
generous tribute to his many friends and 
neighbors for the helpful suggestions he had 
gained that had been of assistance in the 
new enterprise he and his son had started. 
As a Western man he said that he felt in a 
position to point out some of the weak¬ 
nesses in Eastern agriculture. These he 
covered under three headings; first, lack of 
faith in farming as a business; second, 
niggardly treatment of the soil, and third, 
failure to make full use of legumes as stock- 
food and as soil improvers. Farming, he 
said, would never prosper as it should, nor 
attract our children to remain on the farm 
until we had greater faith in the possibil¬ 
ities of our soil and our business. Speak¬ 
ing of the need of conserving the fertility 
of our soil, he said there was need in the 
East of better tillage, the plowing under 
of more green crops, especially the legumes, 
and a more liberal use of fertilizers. He 
said the pine-acre orchard that yielded them 
$3,500 in 1910 had $27 worth per acre of 
commercial fertilizer. In answer to a ques¬ 
tion whether stable manure could be safely 
used on peach trees, the younger Henry 
said they had used it on young trees, and 
next year planned to use it on hearing 
trees. 
Professor Henry said the most noticeable 
difference he had seen between dairying in 
Wisconsin and in Connecticut was that th- 
Wisconsin dairyman began the Winter with 
a.barn full of clover hay and a silo full of 
nice corn silage, while many Connecticut 
farmers were still trying to make milk main¬ 
ly from Timothy hay. The work of Pro- 
lessor Henry and his son is especially valu¬ 
able as showing the possibilities in our 
rough New England farms when developed 
by liberal capital directed by the latest 
scientific teachings, combined with sound 
jusiuess methods. When ask<>d what is the 
farmer to do who has but little capital, but 
who thinks he fias the necessary knowl¬ 
edge. Professor Henry said: “He can get 
there, but he s got to go slower.” 
CHAS. S. PHELPS. 
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694 TRUSSED CONCRETE UUILDIKO 
DETROIT, MICHIGAN, 
THE 
j FARMERS’ 
FAVORITE 
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Pronounced by all to be the best, simplest and most perfect mill and press 
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CUTAWAY MARROW CO.. 830 Main St., Hlggannm, Conn, 
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL 
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash- 
ville, Pa. Send for FREE booklet “ How to Brow 
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Springs, 
Cambria Oonnty, Pa. 
(CONSULTING SPECIALIST in soil improve- 
^ ment, crop growing, dairy husbandry and gene¬ 
ral farm management. L. W. LIGHTY, East Berlin, Pa. 
I 
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Ask dealers for it. Take no other. Send for 
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KIRTLAND BROS, k CO., 90 Chambers Street New York 
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE- 
^ftTlLlZE^ 
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . . 
< Ihe Rogers & Hubbard Co., 
Middletown, Conn. 
Send for free Almanac, telling all about 
Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizers. 
Lime Dust. 
I am preparing the ground (about one 
acre) for Alfalfa. I have been advised to 
use lime dust, two tons per acre. What do 
you know about lime dust? They sav it 
does not act as quickly as burnt lime, which 
is in its favor, but is more lasting. 
Boon ton, N. J. H . M. b. 
Use two tons of lime dust or one ton 
of burnt lime. The former is simply finely 
ground limestone, while the other is lime¬ 
stone burnt in a kiln and‘“slaked” with 
air or water. The “dost” or ground lime 
will not act as rapidly as the burnt lime 
and for that reason is better, since it does 
not destroy or break up the organic matter. 
On ordinary soils it will give good results. 
On very sour soils the burnt lime mav be 
needed to sweeten the soil quickly. 
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For literature and information relative to fares, routes, etc., 
call on or address 
J. B. DeFriest, G. E. A., 
287 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER 
(BASIC SLAG MEAL) 
. . . KEY AND TREE BRAND . . . 
THE BEST PHOSPHATE FOR ALFALFA, CLOVER AND GENERAL MID-SUMMER AND FALL 
All if ^ .^J le writer that combinations of basic slag meal and sulphates of potash are peculiarly adapted to 
All if j** e s ^ a ? mea l furnishes not only phosphoric acid, but lime, which will help to bring the soil into condition for 
Alfalfa and to maintain it in that condition. Dr. IVm. P. Broods, Director Massachusetts Experiment Station 
•—In Massachusetts Crop Report for July, 1910. 
ProfAlva Agee, of the Pennsylvania Agricultural College, says:— 
Basic slag tends to sweeten sour land, and to keep sweet soils sweet. It favors clover, hence this paper has called 
attention to it for years. We must have clover, and where clover is failing, basic slag, at prevailing prices, is the best 
fertilizer 1 know.’ _;_ 
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OUR GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER always bears our Key and Tree Trade Mark 
You ought to have the Information that is in our booklet, “Fall Cereals and Cover Crops.” A copy is sent free if you mention The Rural New-Yorker. 
THE C0E-M0RTIMER COMPANY, 51 Chambers St., NEW YORK CITY 
_ Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS and PERUVIAN BRANDS 
USE 
