1911. 
THE RURAL NRW-YORKRR 
877 
SOME STRAWBERRY NOTEs. 
Tho weather became so dry and the 
ground so hard here by the middle of May, 
that many farmers who had not quite fin- 
ished their breaking decided to wait for 
rain. It is now August 115, and tho await¬ 
ed rain has not yet come to permit this 
delayed breaking. Under those conditions 
It would not be expected that the small 
fruit crop could he a normal one. Dry 
weather was not alone responsible for the 
short crops, as the extreme heat also 
helped the failure along. A temperature 
of 120 degrees In the strawberry patch 
just as the harvest should have been at its 
best, was enough to test the endurance of 
the plant as well as the pickers, and many 
there were that quit. Still under these 
trying conditions, some varieties gave a 
fair crop. This was especially true with 
plants having a heavy upright foliage such 
as the Bubach, while kinds with lighter 
open foliage like tho Ilnverland were in 
many cases almost a failure. Near 50 
varieties are on trial here, besides several 
seedlings. The first and also the last ber¬ 
ries picked were from seedlings. It seems 
to be a long hunt to find any variety that 
excels the Excelsior In point of earliness, 
while at the other extreme there are several 
newer ones that appear to be as late as 
or later than the Gandy. 
Some seasons the Gil! is equally as early 
as the Excelsior, others it is not. The 
Gill seems to be more than an average 
cropper, good size and light color, mild, 
sometimes insipid flavor. It looks to be 
about good enough to become a semi-stand¬ 
ard. Texas has some merit, especially in 
plant. This season it stood up fresh and 
green while others beside It were dry 
enough to burn. Ozark was a few days 
later than the Gill but did not do much 
either by performance or promise. St. Louis, 
from Arkansas, not quite so early as some, 
but one of the largest berries on my list, 
uniform in shape, good quality; looks good 
for a home berry but rather soft, for ship¬ 
ping, color about like Haverland. For gen¬ 
eral purpose main crop varieties Senator 
Dunlap and Parsons Beauty seem to lie 
able to hold their own against any of the 
new comers. Bethel, somewhat of the Par¬ 
sons Beauty type, but larger in berry, made 
a good impression, Cbipman, Dickey. 3 
W., Baldwin’s Pride of Michigan ami Mead 
have been dropped because they were not 
superior to the standards. N. Y. Prolific 
and Black Beauty are on probation. The 
former is a strong growing plant but much 
of the fruit is rough. The latter looks to 
bo rather soft for a wet season. High¬ 
land commenced to ripen a little ahead of 
Dunlap, and where quantity of fruit is the 
object it will surely be a winner. I believe 
commercial growers for a local market 
might do well to give the Highland a test, 
while the grower looking for a high class 
berry for a special trade should try the 
Ferula 11. 
Kittle Bice, Wm. Belt and Sample are 
grown for comparison, the first named 
being considered a standard for beauty, the 
second for high quality and the last one 
for productiveness. There were only one 
or two light showers here from the begin¬ 
ning to thi' end of the picking season, yet 
the later kinds seemed to be injured less by 
the drought than those ripening early or 
midseason. Aroma matured almost every 
berry and the*foliage kept, fresh and healthy 
to the last. Gandy was not quite so large 
ns usual but gave near a normal yield. 
Commonwealth was large and late, hut lost 
most of its crop from sunscald. July 1s 
productive but too soft. Orem is firm and 
good flavor but many of the berries are 
rough and hollow at the tips. Evening 
Star was unproductive, and poor color. 
Blaine was too much like Gandy to need a 
different name. Manhattan from New Jer¬ 
sey is a giant in plant and gave a large 
crop of large berries, but the fruit was low 
grade in color, shape and quality. 
Chesapeake has been grown here for five 
years, and I think more of It than any new 
variety grown here. In season it com¬ 
mences to ripen about a week ahead of 
Gandy, but holds on fully as late; in size it 
Is easily equal to Gandy. In appearance 
it surpasses Gandy either when picked or 
after being shipped, as it is a firmer berry. 
It is a sweet berry and most people would 
prefer the Chesapeake for eating out of the 
hand. For table use with cream and sugar 
some prefer a berry like Gandy, with more 
add and more flavor, claiming that sugar 
Is cheaper than strawberries. The Chesa¬ 
peake is a slow plant maker and not a very 
profitable one for the plant grower. This 
Is probably the reason why it is not more 
highly spoken of in the plant catalogues. 
Indiana. p. moffitt. 
When to Pick Apples. 
In the latitude of Central Ohio when 
should tho various varieties of apples bo 
pickcsl to obtain best results? 
In reference to Ohio apples the crop 
this year is fully three weeks in advance 
of former seasons, and would think Jona¬ 
thans should be picked about September 1, 
and Rome Beauties September 15; Ben 
Davis ajul later varieties October 1 to 15. 
It depends very much on the color and 
conditions at that time. 
NET,SON & FINCH. 
We are governed largely by tin' season 
in picking apples. Some seasons we pick 
earlier than others on account of the 
fruit ripening or coloring earlier. Last 
season we began picking Grimes and Jona¬ 
than early in September; these go at once 
into cold storage. Winesap, Rome Beauty, 
Ben Davis and other late ripening kinds 
are picked last of September, or as soon 
as sufficiently colored and before dropping 
seriously. Grimes and Jonathan, espe¬ 
cially the former, drop badly if not gath¬ 
ered early. My judgment is that apples 
are often picked too early for the best 
color and flavor; one tins to determine be¬ 
tween this and loss of fruit by dropping. 
Southern Indiana. c. m. hours. 
The time to begin picking Winter apples 
depends upon maturity, and this is deter¬ 
mined by color of fruit as much as any¬ 
thing. The ease with which they separate 
from the tree is also an indication of ma¬ 
turity. My method of marketing in small 
baskets demands good color, and an apple 
which is not well colored is low in flavor 
as well as poor in appearance. Some va¬ 
rieties, such _ for Instance as the Rhode 
Island Greening, and Grimes Golden, must 
be picked promptly wtven ready, "or they 
will drop badly, while the Jonathan and 
others will hang longer on tree after ready 
to pick. In ordinary seasons we usually 
begin picking the Grimes and Greenings 
about September 25 in Northern Ohio, and 
further south it would be earlier. The 
season this year is abnormally early. This 
is one of tin' operations where experience 
and good judgment are indispensable. 
Ohio. W. W. FARNSWORTH. 
The time for picking Winter apples In 
this latitude of Central Ohio or Indiana 
varies somewhat according to tho season. 
Generally speaking we begin picking 
Grimes Golden about the middle of Sep¬ 
tember. Last year it was about the 10th. 
This is followed by Rome Beauty, Jona¬ 
than, Winesap. Genet and Ben Davis. In 
general, it should be picked as soon as 
tho stem will separate readily from tho 
branch. By leaving it till later it will 
usually have better color, but will not keep 
so well. j. TROOP. 
Indiana. 
It seems to me poor business to harvest 
a crop of apples that is not ready to be 
gathered. Both high color and excellence 
of flavor (certainly very important fac¬ 
tors) depend upon the apples remaining 
upon the trees until as nearly “finished'’ 
In perfection as it is safe to allow. There 
are a number of varieties which ripen or 
mature so irregularly mat two or more 
pickings are required to secure the crop 
In its highest development. Wealthy, of 
the Autumn class, and Rome Beauty, of 
tho Winter varieties, are Illustrations of 
this fact. As a rule 1 prefer to allow 
apples to remain upon the trees until there 
is a noticeable tendency to drop (as with 
Grimes Golden), or, with the later sorts, 
until danger threatens from early cold. 
There is some danger rrom wind with the 
varieties which “let go” easily, but the 
best color and flavor can be obtained only 
in approaching the limit of time as nearly 
as possible. There are those who will ob¬ 
ject to making two or three pickings of 
the later varieties, but where one becomes 
accustomed to thinning the crop early in 
the season—possibly going over the trees 
two or three times to relieve them of their 
overburden of fruit—the double picking 
will not be looked upon ns such a bugbear 
after all. The results certainly justify the 
means. It is simply wonderful how much 
thi! little apples will gain in a few days 
after the bulk of the crop Is removed. 
Ohio. F. H. BALLOU. 
Composition of Manure and Bone. 
What proportion of fertilizer has horse ma¬ 
nure compared to manure from cows? How 
much fertilizing value is lost in burning 
of new bones? a. o. 
Chicago, Ill. 
Of course manures vary, fl’lie kind of 
feed and the amount of bedding used will 
affect the composition. The following is a 
fair comparison for fresh manure with the 
usual amount of straw. 
POUNDS IN ONE TON. 
Phosphoric l’ot- 
Nitrogou. Acid. ash. 
Horse .11 12 0 
Cow . 7 8 4 
Cow manure contains more water. The 
above is a fair basis for comparison. When 
any matter is burned the gases are driven 
off and the minerals or permanent solids 
remain. Nitrogen is n gas- lime, potash 
and phosphoric acid are minerals. The 
burning, if complete, will drive away all 
the nitrogen and leave ‘‘bone ash" which 
contains lime and phosphoric acid, hut no 
potash. 
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