W40 
THE RURA.L NEW-YORKER. 
September 23, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Pu' questions on a separate piece of paper.i 
Increasing Flow from a Well. 
A. U. F., Henson, Neb .—We wish to put 
down a well that will supply us with 20,000 
to 30,000 gallons of water daily, if needed. 
By going down 12 feet we strike a flow of 
water that will give us 4,000 gallons daily 
with four feet of water and four feet 
across well. Which would be the better 
plan, to dig a large well and get a large 
body of water, or bore a well 14 inches 
in diameter down 100 feet? Would we be 
apt to strike any more veins? The soil 
is clay. 
A ns.— If the present well yields but 
4,000 gallons of water in 24 hours of 
steady pumping, this is at the rate of 
only 2.77 gallons per minute. If- the 
statement means for 12 hours, then 
about 5.5 gallons per minute. Ten days 
steady pumping at the first rate would 
be 40,000 gal’ous of water. To cover 
an acre with one inch of water requires 
27,150 gallons of water. This is a small 
amount of water if it is desired for irri¬ 
gation outside of greenhouse work. If 
at 12 feet the water bearing stratum 
has been penetrated and only four feet 
of water stands in the well when it is 
not pumped, it is not likely that the 
capacity of the well could be doubled, 
for continuous pumping, by any prac¬ 
ticable increase of diameter. The best 
1 asis for judging of the probability of 
getting an increased flow by boring the 
Minor Troubles of a Gasoline Engine. 
I started my engine yesterday, and 
though it started promptly and ran well 
under full load it would soon stop with 
a light load or no load, and I was at 
a loss to know what the matter was. I 
went to work systematically, first look¬ 
ing after the fuel-feeding devices, valves, 
pipes, etc., but found nothing wrong; 
next the batteries and connections were 
investigated' and were found in good 
shape. The engine has a jump spark 
ignition system and a strong induction 
coil. This coil makes a long spark, one- 
fourth inch or more, but long sparks 
have a bluish color, and are too thin 
and cool to fire a charge of gas depend¬ 
ably. After some experimenting I no¬ 
ticed that the points of the spark gap 
of the spark plug had burned off until 
they were too far apart to make a dense, 
hot spark so necessary to fire the charge 
quickly. I bent the points closer to¬ 
gether so as to secure the white dense 
spark needed, put the parts in place, 
started the engine and had the satisfac¬ 
tion of seeing it start off promptly with¬ 
out a skip or missfire. 
W. E. DUCKWALL. 
The County Pomona met at East Mahanoy 
Junction recently in an interesting session 
advocating a general parcels post and no 
fake substitutes; condemned reciprocity ; de¬ 
nounced the scheme for one-ceut letter post¬ 
age in favor of large corporations and ad¬ 
vocated economy in county government be¬ 
cause the expenses are unnecessarily high 
and increasing every year. Because of the 
high salaries paid our county officials, from 
$0,000 to $2,500 a year, candidates are 
.numerous, and literally the woods are full 
of them. The writer of this is having a 
rubber stamp made with the following mot¬ 
to : “Wanted—A general parcels post. No 
fake substitute.” This to be used on all 
letters and if not prohibited by the postal 
laws to be stamped on the back of all letters 
mailed, or rather on the envelopes. 
Pennsylvania. W. h. s. 
well deeper is to get the experience of 
local well drillers as to whether water¬ 
bearing strata exist in the locality. The 
capacity of a well is increased more 
rapidly by increase in thickness of 
water-bearing stratum penetrated, than 
by increase in diameter of well, when 
the coarseness of grain composing the 
water-bearing stratum remains the same. 
In a well of our own, six inches in dia¬ 
meter, in 40 feet of sandstone, with 
water of the same depth, the limit of 
capacity is not reached by a rate of 75 
gallons per minute continuous pumping. 
Without knowledge of structural condi¬ 
tions in the case in question it is not 
possible to predict what increase in flow 
might be secured by going deeper. No 
material increase could be expected by 
penetrating clay unless sand veins were 
struck. F. H. KING. 
AN OBSERVER IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
During a recent trip over and around the 
anthracite coal Meld in Schuylkill County 
it was noticed that farming is making ma¬ 
terial progress and improvement. The soil 
in the valleys below the coal field is largely 
composed of red and olive shale, some sand¬ 
stone and rocky outcrops, the subcaibomfoi’- 
ous and Devonian systems. The red shale 
yields the best soil upon which much ot the 
products are grown to supply the mining 
population and others in numerous villages, 
towns and cities depending upon the coal 
industry almost exclusively for support. 
The mines since Spring worked ouly hair 
time, consequently labor receives small in¬ 
come. and requires the greatest economy to 
obtain the necessities of living. Where it 
was customary to depend upon other sec- 
lions formerly to supply fruit, vege¬ 
tables, berries, etc., the farmers by improved 
methods and more extensive agriculture and 
the use of fertilizers liberally produce some 
surplus crops to send away. V number ] 
of carloads of cabbage were sent from the j 
vicinity of Shenandoah recently. Apples arc i 
also shipped away during the picking sea¬ 
son. The crop is good this year on well- 
carcd-for trees, and the supply excessive of 
Summer fruit, which is slow sale at ridicu- | 
lously low prices. Tomatoes also are a drug | 
on the market. 
From several readers of The It. N.-Y. the 
following varieties of fruit, etc., were named 
as best suited to their sections: D. D. 
Breish for apples selects Astrachan, Early 
Ripe. Wealthy, York Imperial, Spy and 
Baldwin. Pears, Clapp, Bartlett. Tyson. 
Seckel and Ivieffer. Plums, Burbank and 
Abundance. Tomatoes, Dwarf Giant Stone 
and Matchless. Potatoes, Green Mountain, 
Cobbler, Raleigh and Rural. W. H. Rumble 
makes apples a specialty, has a large crop, 
trees bending under a too heavy crop and 
recommends Smith Cider, Rhode Island, 
Greening, Spy and King as the main crop. 
Mr. Rumble gets from breweries free hops 
and malt, which is spread under the trees 
with satisfactory results plainly evident by 
the green color and heavier sod where they 
are applied. The population in the coal 
district consists 'of many nationalities; 
Colanders. Hungarians, Slavonians. Italians, 
Irish, Welsh. Germans, Jews, and a few 
Chinese, with various tastes and habits af¬ 
fording a market for diversified farm pro¬ 
ducts. Another of your readers, like many 
more in the county, is Fredk. F. Carl, a 
progressive young man, a successful fruit 
grower, truck raiser and general farm crops. 
The most intelligent and progressive farmers 
have learned that the use of high-grade fer¬ 
tilizers are most economical, and use 
2-S-10. 3U-7-7, while some buy the chemi¬ 
cals and do home mixing. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker's 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those -who till it.”— Adv. 
I 
AGENTS WANTED 
Trouble GIslsb 
Sectional View Showing Sunlight Double 
Glass Sash Construction 
WINTER GARDENING 
WITHOUT DRUDGERY 
With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you never 
have to use any mats or boards for covering 
The two layers of glass take their place 
(See picture above) 
Between the two layers of glass is a % inch 
layer of dry, still air. Tliis transparent blanket 
affords better protection to plants than mats or 
boards; never shuts out the light; saves expense 
and labor and gives the best possible results. 
Glass held by springs; no putty used; can’t work 
loose, easily repaired. 
Great profit and pleasure from hot-bed 
and cold-frame gardening 
Under Sunlight Sash you can have plants for 
the field far earlier and better than you can under 
single-glass sash. You can have fresh vegetables 
and flowers for your own use when they are lux¬ 
uries. Let tuce and violets for instance all winter. 
GET THESE TWO BOOKS 
One is our valuable free catalog. 
The other ie by Prol. Massey, ail au¬ 
thority on hot-bed and cold-frame (fai- 
deuing. In it he telle in an interest- 
ing and instructive manner how to 
make and care for the beds, what and 
when to plant. Tear out this ad. 
Bend it with -1c. in stamps, and your 
name and address and we will send 
you the two hooks. Do it now. 
Sunlight Double (Hass Sash Co. 
h-4 E. Broadway, Louisville, by 
2000 Acres in Nurseries— 10 Valuable Farms For Sale, I 
- Harrison’s Nurseries, Berlin, Md. 
to take orders for our 
'High Quality” Nursery 
Products. Liberal commission paid’ promptly. 
Outfit free. Experience not necessary. PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA NURSERY CO., 36, GlUAItD, PA. 
TIMOTHY SEED 
ami alsike, both new crop, 
and without a single weed. 
Also alfalfa, vetch and crimson clover. 
O. M. SCOTT & Sox, 100 Main St., Marysville, Ohio. 
.„ RYE —Mammoth white Winter rye, choice recleaned 
seed. §1.25 per bushel. J l" I) SON JiltOS., Kinderkook, N.Y. 
JONES SEED WHEAT 
Pure and Well Cleaned. "St. Louis Grand Prize” and 
“Red Wave.” Two of the best yielding and fly re¬ 
sisting wheats grown. Semi for samples and prices 
to J. N. McPHERSON, Pine View Farm, Scottsville. N. Y. 
BEWDROP STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Ready now in any quantity. Largest in tlio world. 
H. F. DEW, Albion, Michigan. 
APPLE BARRELS ^]$& 
or Hoops. ROBT. GILLIES, Medina, 
LOTS OR 
Ai;;o Heads 
N. Y. 
—99 %o % Pure— 
American Ingot Iron Roofing 
Guaranteed For 30 Years 
Without Painting 
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the 
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing 
remarkable tests. A way out of your roof troubles. 
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO.. Dept. 0, ELYRIA, OHIO 
“What Hat Will be Most 
Becoming to Me?” 
“What suit shall I wear, what dress 
shall I buy, what skirt, what waists,— 
where, just where can I find the 
clothes most becoming to me?” 
And your answer is printed here. 
The “National” Style Book, your Style 
Book, assures you of the greatest becom¬ 
ingness by giving you for your choice the 
widest variety of the most delightful new 
styles in every kind of apparel. 
And the whole matter of the selection 
of your clothes is thus made very simple. 
Yo u only 
need write us 
today, "Send 
me, free, my 
“National” 
Style Book.” 
That is the 
one impor¬ 
tant fir-t step 
—the thing to 
do HOW. 
Copyright. 7977, by National Cloak Sr Suit Cm 
And, second, select from this Style Book— from all New York’s 
best styles—the garments you like best. Your order will be filled 
immediately, express charges will be prepaid by us, and we will 
take all the risk of your being fitted perfectly and entirely 
delighted. You thus gain in Price, Promptness and Style. 
“National” low prices mean an important saving to you. 
“National” prices are so low. our promptness in filling orders 
so well known, our styles so beautiful and becoming, that today 
more women buy their apparel at the “National” than buy of 
any other house in the entire world. 
The question is'. “Will you take the first step now by writing 
for your Style Book?” It shows you 
Dresses 
Coats . 
Furs . 
. $10 to $30 
. $10 to $50 
. $2.25 to $75 
Hats . 
Skirts . 
Waists 
$2.98 to $15 
$3.98 to $15 
.98 to $10 
$15 to $40 
Samples of Materials Sent Free 
Made to 
Measure 
Also a full line of Underwear, Hosiery, Scarfs, Veils, Raincoats, 
Gloves, Sweaters, Leather Goods, Jewelry, and a complete 
line of Boys', Misses’ and Children’s Wearing Apparel. 
NATIONAL T ailored Suits 
Each Madc to-Moasure Suit is actually cut and made to 
order, and we guarantee each suit to fit perfectly or we will 
cheerfully refund your money. 
The “NATIONAL” Policy 
Wc prepay express charges on all our goods to any 
part of the world. You may return any “NATIONAL” 
garment not satisfactory to you and wc will refund 
your money and pay express charges both ways. 
In writing for your Style Book, be sure to state whether you 
desire samples of materials used for "National” Made-to- 
Measure Tailored Suits. Samples are sent gladly but only when 
asked for. And the samples and the Style Book are well worth 
asking for— now. 
NATIONAL CLOAK & SUIT COMPANY 
273 West 24th St., New York City 
Mail Orders Only No Agents or Branches 
Hyacinths, Darwin and other 
Tulips, Narcissus and Crocus, 
Easter Lilies and hardy Japan 
and Native Lilies. English, 
Spanish and Japan Iris. Ereesias, 
Calochortus and Trilliums, and all 
other Native and Foreign Bulbs 
and Roots in endless variety. 
The Largest Assortment in America 
CATALOGUE NOW READY 
Mailed free for the asking 
J. M. THORBURN & CO. 
33 Barclay Street Dept. Y New York 
Dl ABIT You ean save a season by planting this 
I LAN I Fall. I have a choice stock of Apple, 
mil IT Pear, Peaeli and Plum trees—all vari- 
■ Kill I ©ties- Also California Privet. Prompt 
shipments. Lowest prices. Have some 
special offerings in Jersey Red Pigs. 
Quick growers. Prolific and profitable. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send today 
for free catalog. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS 
Box R Moorestown, N. J» 
FOR FALL PLANTING 
Scientific workmanship, soil and 
climate of the Upper Genesee Valley 
make our trees the best in America 
KING BROS. NITRSRRIKS, Dansville, N.Y; 
Alfalfa Clover 
Should be sown during August and Sep¬ 
tember. We offer high grade seed and 
will send you sample and prices on re¬ 
quest. 
Crimson Clover 
the great soil improver; also earlv green • 
food, grazing and hay. Special circular, 
sample and price of seed on request. 
Winter Vetch 
(Vicia Villosa) 
Valuable as a winter cover crop and for 
green manure. Extremely hardy. Write 
for price. 
Dreer’s Autumn Catalog 
Ready early in September and mailed free to 
all applicants; offers Seeds, Plants aud Bulbs 
for Fall planting. Write for a copy. 
HENRY A. DREER 
PHILADELPHIA, PA 
FRUIT TREES 
We are ready to take orders for Fall Delivery 
for BLACK’S QUALITY TREES. 
. . . Send for Booklet ... * 
JOS. H. BLACK. SON & CO.. HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 
I 
F 
ri 
> each and Apple Trees 
or fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock 
ght. MYER & SON, Rridgeville, Delaware 
’T'Tjr'rCf f By the Millions. A complete line 
I K r I 1 ,1 1 at wholesale prices. Large supply 
• of peach trees and Privet Hedging. 
The Westminster Nursery, Westminster, Maryland 
CDIIIT TDCCC AND plants of ALL KINDS at 
rnUI 1 1 llkLv Reasonable Prices. Send 
for Price List. BASIL PERRY, 0. 18, Cool Spriuo, Del. 
SEED WHEAT 
Send to Originator for Red Wave and Silver Sheaf. 
The latter (Bearded) has been sown as late as 
November with success. $2.00 per bushel, either 
sort. Bags lfio extra. A. N. JONES, Batavia, New Yorh 
Plant flic Best Trees and Save Hall of Your Money 
If you buy of tree agents, more than half of your money goes to the agent 
for his wages and expenses. This you save by buying direct from us. the 
growers, at wholesale prices. Our trees are grown from bearing orchards, guar¬ 
anteed true to name, the best trees that money can buy, fresh dug, no scale and 
personal attention given each order. 
Everybody send for free illustrated catalogue. Established 26 years. 
Capital $60,000.00. 
MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO., Box 19, Dansville, N. Y. 
TREES 
THIS 
FALL 
