0OO 
'■■vTHEC RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
September :i0. 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
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Flowing Under Pea Vines. 
(J. IP. S.j Carlisle, Pa .—When would you 
advise the plowing under of Canadian field 
peas, about the time they are in bloom or 
later when the stalks begin to turn yellow, 
or still later? Would field peas benefit the 
soil in the «vay of adding nitrogen if left 
till they go to seed and remain on the 
ground all Winter till Spring, and then 
plowed down? When would you plow cow 
peas under, at what stage of growth, and 
how would these be if left on the ground 
ail Winter and plow<Kl under In the Spring? 
Ans. —It would depend somewhat on 
the crop to follow the peas. Sometimes 
a week or 10 days gained would have 
the following crop of fodder corn, truck 
or millet. If the peas are seeded in 
early Spring we should plow under 
when the seed is forming in the pods. 
If it be a late seeding, ripening at about 
this time we should let the vines ripen 
and turn yellow. We do not think it 
would be economy to let the pea vines 
remain on the ground all Winter. In 
our experience, when this is done you 
lose most of the leaves, which drop 
off and blow away. Therefore both 
with Canada and cow peas we should 
let the crop ripen seed, plow under and 
sow rye or vetch and rye to hold the 
soil through the Fall. 
Fertilizer for an Orchard. 
</. IF. A., Boise, Idaho .—What kind of 
commercial fertilizer is used to promote 
wood growth on apple trees? Do you use 
the same fertilizer to promote fruit growth? 
Ans. —Of the three elements of plant 
food bought in commercial fertilizers 
nitrogen is the one which most rapidly 
promotes growth of wood. Potash and 
phosphoric acid are both necessary, but 
they have greater inflifencc upon seed 
formation, shape, quality or color. 
Unless you are sure that the soil con¬ 
tains all these elements in fair abund¬ 
ance you should use a mixture of all 
three. In some cases where clover or 
similar crops are plowed under, or 
where large quantities of manure are 
used, not much nitrogen is needed. 
Usually a fair supply of it must he pro¬ 
vided. What to buy will depend on 
the prices charged for the various ma¬ 
terials. Some very successful Eastern 
growers use a mixture of three parts 
fine ground bone and one part muriate 
of potash. If the trees show by lack 
of growth or color that they need more 
nitrogen, nitrate of soda is added. 
w. H. 
Winter Oats. 
I hear of a variety of oats which can be 
seeded in the Fall as we seed rye or wheat. 
It is said to live through the Winter and 
make a good c.'op in Spring. Is this true, 
and would you advise me to sow such oats 
In place of wheat? J. m’k. 
Warren Co., N. J. 
The statement is true for a large part of 
the Southern States. Do not seed Winter 
oats in your latitude. The crop will not 
live through the Winter. In Farmers’ Bul¬ 
letin No. 430, of Department of Agriculture 
at Washington, you will find a full report 
on Winter oats. There are three varieties 
which may be seeded in ttie Fall. The 
Northern limit for safety will run about to 
the middle of Delaware. We have seeded 
them in Northern New Jersey. They made 
a thick, lawn-like growtli through the Fall, 
but in every case the Winter killed them. 
This always happened. We have never 
carried a single plant through alive. Seeded 
with rye they gave a fair Fall pasture, 
killing out In Winter, while the rye comes 
through. In some few cases fruit growers 
call for a “cover crop” which will hold 
the soil iu the Fall and die out in Winter, 
so it will not be necessary to plow under a 
heavy Spring crop. The Winter oat will 
answer such a purpose well, but do not 
seed this grain in the North, expecting to 
see it alive in Spring. 
Some strawberry growers sow oats among 
the berry plants in September, depending 
on the straw to serve as mulch. It has 
been suggested that the Southern Winter 
oats might be better for this purpose, since 
they grow closer and make a thick mat on 
the ground. Here are a few opinions. 
We do not like this form of mulching: 
Yes, I am sure our Winter oats would 
prove superior to the Spring oats, as it 
produces more sedge, or bottom growth. 
North Carolina. it. p. m’anally. 
I do not believe our Winter oats would 
remain green in your climate, and would 
not expect them to do as well for the pur¬ 
pose wanted as Spring oats, as they grow 
closer to ttie ground, making a fine turf, 
but not as much growth as would the 
Spring oats in the same time. 
Virginia Station. lyma.v casiuer. 
If the Virginia Winter turf oats are 
sown thickly early in September they will 
certainly make a fine mulch crop, provided 
they do not winter over. These oats are 
very hardy and will certainly live till 
Christmas with you, and if the Winter is 
mild they may live through. I have had 
them endure zero weather in the Virginia 
mountains. Hence the only difficulty would 
be that they might strike an unusually mild 
Winter and live through. Ordinarily I sup¬ 
pose that: they would be killed about mid¬ 
winter North. If this is the case 1 believe 
that they would be better than the ordinary 
Spring oats for growing a mulch. They 
live well iu Central and Southern New Jer¬ 
sey. W. F. MASSEY. 
A few words about sowing oats as a 
mulching crop on strawberries. I had 5,000 
plants last Fail, hill - system, Stevens 
Date, Glen Mary, a few Senator Dunlap. 
They were looking fine August 15, when I 
sowed oats in them for mulch. September 
was wet and warm : also October, without 
frost to kill down the oats, consequently It 
grew so rank it nearly smothered the plants, 
and they were all bleaching out. 1 had a 
man mow the oats with a scythe just above 
the tops of the straw berries, which helped 
some. Sowing oats in strawberries Is a 
poor proposition, especially if the Fall is 
warm and wet. and even with the rank 
growth of oats the mulch was not sufficient 
in my case, as more had to be supplied in 
late Winter; also I believe the yield of 
strawberries was much reduced. 
Ohio. GEO. B. SMITH. 
APPLE PRICES. 
We have seen no buyers here for apples; 
It may he a little early yet. There are not 
as many apples in this locality as last 
year. Quality is not as good. J. e. 
Shorborn, Mass. 
There have boon no sales of apples so 
far in my community, something quite un¬ 
usual so late in the season. The growers 
are rather inclined to put their apples in 
cold storage than take low prices. 
Rosoland. Va. w. M. B. 
There was about one-third crop of Win¬ 
ter apples on the trees when picking began ; 
no market yet for barrel stock ; dry-houses 
prices are from 10 cents a bushel for chops 
up to one cent a pound for picked, v. n. 
Marion, N. Y. 
Buyers are paying from 25 to 45 cents 
per bushel. There are not many first-class 
apples in our neighborhood. I bought an 
orchard of 200 to 300 bushels for .$45. but 
there are not many first-class apples in it. 
Spring City, Pa. M. y. 
I have heard of no sales of apples in this 
vicinity except at dry houses and canning 
factories, which are offering 70 cents per 
100 pounds, and taking everything and 
shaking them off. Farmer draws them. The 
buyers of picked fruit seem to be holding 
back. Some farmers are picking their 
Greenings. About half of the farmers arc 
selling in this locality. F. c. R. 
Maeedon, N. Y. 
Wo have had more buyers here this Fall 
than usual, but there have been no sales, 
except one small crop of Pippins, including 
a white apple similar to the Pippin, which 
had been struck by hail. The buyers paid 
$3 per barrel, the grower furnished the 
barrels. I beard of a sale in Hoanoke of a 
crop of Pippins at $4.50 per barrel for flic 
No. 1 down to 2 1 /> inches, the buyers fur¬ 
nished the barrel, but I do not know posi¬ 
tively whether it is true. Most of the grow¬ 
ers around here are going to store unless 
they can get around $4 for their Pippins. 
Covcsviilo, Va. j. j. b. 
The apple crop in Washington County 
is the nearest to a complete failure in my 
recollection. My crop is about 20 per cent., 
and it looks as though there would be local 
demand for every barrel. Farmers that 
usually sell from 50 to 200 barrels ai’o 
buying for their own use, and some of them 
say that there is not an apple in their 
orchards. We have sold all the Fall varie¬ 
ties at $3 per barrel in the orchard, with¬ 
out the package. Probably the minimum 
price for tile Winter stork %vill be $2.50. 
It will be useless for dealers to come into 
this section ; there is no fruit to buy. 
Fly Summit. N. Y. n. l. b. 
The main crop of apples that will go 
into barrels has not started for market, 
though some orchards have been sold at 
around $2.25 to $2.50 per barrel. Green¬ 
ings, per barrel, $1.50; per 100 pounds at 
canning factories. $1. all varieties; tree 
ran, over two inches. Evaporators are 
paying 20 to 30 rents per hundred. Pears, 
$2.75 to $3.50 per barrel; peaches, 30 to 
SO cents per basket. Plums and prunes 
have brought $1 to $1.50 per bushel. Hail 
stones and heavy winds have damaged the 
apples to greater or less extent in this 
section. My opinion is that first quality 
red apples will bring $3 later. b. s. 
Genesee Co., N. Y. 
The fruit buyers are offering for prime 
A No. 1 stock : Greenings, firsts and sec¬ 
onds. 50 to 57 cents; Baldwins, firsts and 
seconds, 45 to 50 cents ; Kings and Twenty 
Ounce, $1.50 to $2 per barrel. There is 
one large orchard here next to me esti¬ 
mated at. 40.000 bushels that has sold for 
$2 per barrel, barrel Included and delivered 
at railroad; an orchard of 0,000 bushels 
sold at 57 cents per bushel delivered. Pears, 
1 Vj and two cents for Bartletts and 
Kleffers. Peaches brought from 60 to 70 
cents per basket for Crawfords and El- 
berthas; other varieties, 40 cents. A great 
number of orchards are not sold yet:, as 
the farmers think the price will tic higher. 
The buyers claim they are offering the 
very highest price that will lie paid and 
dont seem disposed to load up very heavy 
at the foregoing prices. There is large 
crop of all kinds of apples here, especially 
Greenings. The quality is the finest in 
years. Pears, peaches, etc., are also large. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. j. a. m. 
Printed on one end as above. Size 18 inches long, 
11 *3 inches wide, IO’-j inches deep 
Best grades of apples bring most money when 
properly packed in boxes 
PRICE, $12 PER HUNDRED 
Apple Wrappers and Box Linings, !) Rents per lb. 
Corrugated Barrel Caps, Improved Apple Cushions, 
etc.. Coles Improved Oak l’icking Baskets 
IMPROVED APPLE BOXES 
Shipped Knock 
Down 
“The Box with 
the Bulge " 
COLES 
Established 1884 
COMPANY 
109 WARREN SL, NEW YORK 
MR. FARMER 
T housands of progressive 
farmers are buying Harley- 
Davidson Motorcycles this 
year. Buying them because they 
travel 10 miles for a cent, less 
than the wear and tear on their 
team and rig if they drive. 
Buying them because they 
make any trip in one-fifth the 
time consumed driving. 
Buying Harley-Davidsons be¬ 
cause they have proven them¬ 
selves to be the most economical 
machines made at any price. 
The Harley-Davidson holds the 
’World’s record for economy be¬ 
sides innumerable speed records. 
It is the only machine which 
has ever been awarded a 1000 + 5 
score and the diamond medal in 
an endurance contest. 
Nearly one-third of all the 
motorcycles sold in America arc 
Harley-Davidsons. Made and 
guaranteed by the largest exclus¬ 
ive motorcycle factory in the 
world. Send for literature. 
HARLEY-DAVIDSON MOTOR CO. 
MILWAUKEE, ,-- 35 . 106 
WiS. B-ST. 
I 
Old Jack Frost is death on 
cheap nails. But — he has abso¬ 
lutely no effect onM.I. E CO. Nails. He 
cannot make them rust, 
vioustothe attacks of 
and salt sea air. That 
They are imper- 
rain, snow, sleet 
s because — 
They are cut from refined iron and 
heavily coated with pure zinc. They will 
last as long as the toughest wood, and by 
remaining clean, do not rot the wood in 
which they are driven. 
M. I. P. CO. Nails are sold by your 
deuler in convenient 25 and 50 lb. boxes. 
If he isn’t supplied write us for the name 
of the nearest one who is and our inter¬ 
esting book, “Nail Knowledge.” It will 
be sent free. 
Malleable Iron Fittings Co. 
Dept. L, Branford, Conn. 
MIF CO 
ZINC COATED NAILS 
JONES SEED WHEAT 
Pure anil Well Cleaned. ">St. Louis Grand I’rizo” and 
"Rod Wave.” Two of the best yielding and fly re¬ 
sisting wheats grown. Send for samples and prices 
to J. N. McPHERSON, Pine View Farm, Scottsviile. N. Y 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll got a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
AS PRAGTIGAL AS IT LOOKS 
SELECTED MATERIALS AND 
SKILLED WORKMANSHIP 
Twenty-seven Years of Constant Manu¬ 
facture has produced 
The Parsons “Low-Down” Milk Wagon 
Ask for Catalog “D” 
THE PARSONS WAGON COMPANY 
Dairy Dept. EARLVILLE, N. Y. 
Your Trees Need Fine Spray 
DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
throw mixture like dew which clings tc 
fibre of leaves for long time. Used by 
most progressive orchardists. One has 
five in use. Deyo Sprayers are used 
in your section. Every part guaranteed. 
Write for bulletin 2-C 
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO. 
BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 
Spray Trees Now 
while you’ve time to do a thorough job. 
Don’t put off till busy spring. Use 
Target Brand 
Scale Destroyer 
A miscible oil that destroys San Jos6 Scale 
and all other scales. It spreads on contact 
with the tree, thus covering every part, even 
those missed by the direct spray. 
Endorsed by every experiment station where 
tested. Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write 
for free booklet, “Fall and Winter Spraying.” 
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 
131 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
/-- 
y. ■ pm mm* is the most efficient device 
I ■ t made for pumping water by water. 
D A M Raises water 30 feet for each loot 
of fall—no trouble 
'or pumping expense. Satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. 
Vookht. plans, estimate, FREE. 
RITE ENGINE CO. 
2429 Trinity Bldg., N. Y. 
TIMOTHY SEED 
and alsiko, both new crop, 
and without a single weed. 
Also alfalfa, vetch ami crimson clover. 
O. M. Scott & Son, loo Main St., Marysville, Ohio. 
AnCMTC WANTFn ro take orders for our 
HUCI1 I O ff Mil I CU -High y aallty " Nursery 
Products. Liberal commission paid promptly. 
Outfit free. Kxperience not necessary. PKN.N- 
8YLVAN1A NUUSURY CO , 36, GlKAttU, Pa. 
APPLE BARRELS 
—GAR LOTS OR 
LKSS. Abo Heads 
or Hoops. ROBT. GILLIES, Medina, N. Y. 
TREES! 
The 
By the Millions. A complete line 
at wholesale prices. Largo supply 
of peach treesaml Privet 1 lodging. 
Westminster Nursery, Westminster, Maryland 
Peach and Apple Trees 
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock 
right. MYKK & SON, Bridgeville, Delaware 
FRUIT TREES $^.48 FOR 100 
trees we sell from 
true to nuine, 
scale. If yon 
wo have the 
send for froo illus- 
Establishod -6 
$G0,000.0U. 
Muloney Bro.s. & Wells Co., 
Box 5, Dansville, N. Y. 
FACTS 
ABOUT 
APPLE 
GROWING 
Ihe healthier the tree, the better the fruit. The longer trees are sprayed with “Scalecide,” the more beautiful, healthful 
and fruitful they become. Mr. Geo. T. Powell, President of the Agricultural Expe.rts Association, has used ‘ Scalecide” ex¬ 
clusively for the past six years on his ICO acre orchard at Ghent, N. Y. He gets twice the price for his apples laid down at 
his Railroad Station that .the growers do in Hood River. Mr. J. H. Barclay, of Cranbury, the acknowledged champion 
apple grower of Now Jersey, lias taken all the first prizes for the past four years at the New Jersey Horticultural Society 
meetings. He has used ‘‘Scalecide” exclusively for the past six years. Men who KA’O \V use “Scalecide.” A postal request 
to Dept N will bring you by return mail, free, our hook, "Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples,” 
and new booklet, “SCALECIDE, the Tree-Saver.” If your dealer cannot supply you with “SCALKOIDK” we will deliver it 
to any R. R. Station in the United States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio Rivers on receipt of the price; 60 -gal. 
bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. bbls., $16.00; 10-gal. cans, $6.70; 5-gal. cans, $3.70. Address, B. G.Pkatt Co., 00 Church St., New York City. 
