1911. 
THE RUR.A.L, NEW-YORKER 
1006 
Selling Vermont Apple Crop. 
F. L. } Windsor Co., Vt .—Can you tell 
me how to go to work to And a market 
for sprayed apples, that are much better 
than the ordinary apples sold around here? 
Ans.— If the quantity to be sold is not 
large, 50 to 100 barrels, our advice 
would be to sell them in Vermont or 
New Hampshire, if possible. Within 50 
miles of the inquirer’s place, on con¬ 
venient railroads, there are several 
towns of from 3,000 to 9,000 inhabitants. 
As these apples are better than the com¬ 
mon run, some of the grocers in these 
towns can handle them to advantage. In 
addition to looking up the grocers, try 
a small advertisement in some of the 
local papers. The results from such 
advertising are often surprising in bring¬ 
ing profitable and permanent family 
trade. If it is desired to sell the apples 
in Boston or New York, the most eco¬ 
nomical method is through the regular 
channels of commission trade. Send the 
apples to some house with reputation 
for honesty and selling ability. At pres¬ 
ent there is no feasible plan for selling 
such fruit direct to the consumers in 
New York. When we get parcels post 
and farm stores and warehouses in the 
city, the case will be entirely different. 
Plowing Under Rye. 
F. II. B., Chenango Co., N. Y .—I sowed 
about five bushels of rye on four acres of 
corn stubble after the middle of October, 
1910; dragged it in with a spring-tooth 
drag. It came up and showed a very 
little green until late the next Spring, but 
it came on very fast. I never saw such a 
growth. The latter part of May it would 
average 4% to five feet tall and very 
thick. I put a roller on two acres and 
rolled it flat going around the two acres, 
then put my man to plowing going around 
the piece same way I rolled it; planted to 
corn, after thorough pulverizing and drag¬ 
ging. Hardly a stalk of rye showed after 
being plowed about May 1. I got a very 
large growth of stalks and many ears, but 
the early frost of this section, September 
13, prevented maturing; 10-days would 
have given us a perfect crop. What do 
you advise as to plowing, sowing again 
to rye and- in 1912 turn rye under and 
sow to Alfalfa? I harvested about CO 
bushels of rye off the remaining two acres, 
a very large growth. I have already 
plowed and sowed that to rye and it is up 
and quite green. I can sell all the seed 
for $1.25 per bushel, but am sowing all I 
can myself for seed and to plow under. 
Can I enrich my land • better or easier? 
I also cut 1% acre for hay, plowed and 
sowed to buckwheat July 1, and have a 
great crop, well matured before frost. 
Ans.— We should sow rye again. This 
is but one example of what rye will do. 
Our plan is to keep the soil constantly 
covered with some living crop. As we 
keep on repeating, rye is the best we 
know of for late seeding. Next Spring 
you can decide whether to plow under 
the full rye crop or cut it for grain or 
hay and plow under the stubble. You 
must remember that if you keep on 
plowing under these heavy rye crops you 
must sooner or later use lime in order 
to sweeten the soil. 
Orchard Demonstration in Pennsylvania. 
The Pennsylvania Experiment Station is 
conducting a very extensive campaign of 
education throughout the State for the ben¬ 
efit of fruit growers. Eleven experimental 
orchards were selected four or five years 
ago, for a 10-years’ course of experiments 
in cultural methods. The one in Lawrence 
County, on the farm of J. B. Johnson, is 
divided into 13 plots, four of them being 
check plots, which received no fertilizer. 
The others received different combinations 
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, 
barnyard manure, clover and mulch. The 
results have been wonderfully instructive. 
The check plots, of course, showed no re¬ 
mits. The others gave different degrees 
of increased net profits, varying from $100 
per acre up to $500. The nitrogen, alone 
or in combination, gave the best results. 
Potash alone, and phosphoric acid alone, 
gave no results, but did give results when 
combined with nitrogen. Lime alone gave 
no results, and barnyard manure gave the 
best results of all. 
A very successful field meeting was held 
in the orchard September 27, to show fruit 
growers the results. Men and women from 
*11 the surrounding country, Pennsylvania 
and Ohio, drove, walked, or came on the 
cars, to see the experiment and to hear the 
lddresses. Prof. Alva Agee spoke on lime 
and soil; Professor Shaw spoke on soil fer¬ 
tility ; Professor Stewart explained the ex¬ 
periment plots, and Professor Green of the 
Ohio Experiment Station spoke on the apple. 
The three first-named speakers are all from 
our own State Experiment Station In Cen¬ 
ter County, Pa. The audience was enthu¬ 
siastic and inspiring, and the afternoon was 
clear and brilliant. Such an event marks 
*n era of progress in Pennsylvania fruit 
growing. j. c. M. j. 
Pennsylvania. 
Figures of a Railroad Farm. 
I enclose a copy of the cost of running 
the N. Y. Central Farm at West Bergen, 
N. Y. They were going to show what any 
farmer of moderate means could do with 
his farm and make it a paying invest¬ 
ment. F. T. M. 
Byron, N. Y. 
The farm referred to is one of the chain 
established by the N. Y. Central Railroad. 
The object was to demonstrate the possi¬ 
bilities of farms in New York. The figures 
are given by Ilenry Mitchell, who claims to 
have full details at command. Of course 
a large share of this expense means per¬ 
manent investments: 
‘'This farm is said to contain about 75 
acres, of which 20 acres is wood and waste. 
It was purchased from George Redinger, 
a veteran, in March, 1910, and possession 
was taken by the New York Central farm 
manager on March 17, 1910. Ten years 
ago Mr. Redinger purchased the farm for 
$3,500. raised his family there, made suffi¬ 
cient profit to spend about $1,000 in im¬ 
provements, and sold it to the New York 
Central Railroad Company for $0,000. 
“There were about 14 acres of wheat 
on the farm when the company bought it, 
which, when harvested and thrashed, yielded 
about 300 bushels. Wheat in August, 1910, 
was worth 90 cents a bushel, but this was 
not sold until July, 1911, when it realized 
82 cents a bushel, and a great number of 
bushels were returned by the mill on ac¬ 
count of it being ruined by rats. 
“For the first year, 17% acres of pota¬ 
toes were planted, more than $20 an acre 
being spent on fertilizers. The cost of 
cultivation, fertilizers and seed potatoes, 
spraying, harvesting, etc., was about $1,000 
and the crop yielded less than 80 bushels 
of marketable potatoes to the acre. The 
total quantity sold was 1,095% bushels, 
which was supplied to the New York Cen¬ 
tral dining service, when potatoes at that 
time were selling at 35 cents a' bushel. 
The remainder was insufficient for this 
season’s planting, after a. largo quantity 
had been consumed by the employes. 
"After the potatoes were harvested, 
about eight acres of the potato ground 
were drilled with wheat in October, and a 
miserable crop of about 6% bushels to the 
acre was reaped—51 bushels actual total 
—less than 7 pounds of binder twine being 
used. 
“The wages for the first year amounted 
to $4,700.33, to which should be added the 
cost of rooming and boarding all of the 
employes. 
“Nearly four miles of ditching was done 
in the first year, at a cost of about $5,000, 
including half the superintendent's salary. 
This ,is said to be about one-half the neces¬ 
sary ditching, and cost about $1S2 an acre. 
This includes the cost of tiles and pipes, 
with freight charges and wages and main¬ 
tenance of enjplo.ves. 
“A new orchard, containing about 350 
apple trees, 40 feet apart, diagonally, was 
planted in May, 1910, and the few dead 
ones replaced and 350 fillers planted last 
Spring. 
“The majority of the fences have been 
removed. The greater part of the bound¬ 
ary fence was constructed by the former 
owner and Mr. Adams, the owner of the 
northern adjoining farm, about a year be¬ 
fore the New York Central took possession. 
“There are said to be about 25 acres of 
potatoes and 5 acres of cabbages planted 
for this season. The Alfalfa planting has 
been very unsatisfactory.” 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll got a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
r -\ 
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Sherwin-Williams 
Paints ^Varnishes 
FOR THE FARM 
For inside floors use the paint made expressly 
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Ten colors. 
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STEEL WHEELS 
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