1911. 
THE KUKAt) NEW-YORKE« 
,1088 
Winter Care of Strawberries. 
D. II., Blackstone, Mass .—Will you furn¬ 
ish the writer with information in regard 
to the care of strawberry plants for the 
Winter? 
Ans. —When the ground first becomes 
frozen, scatter a thin mulch of straw, 
marsh hay or even cornstalks over the 
surface. The main object is to prevent 
heaving by alternate freezing and thaw¬ 
ing. In the Spring this mulch is drawn 
off the rows, and the soil stirred and 
mellowed. Care should be taken to avoid 
a mulch that will bring in a quantity of 
weed seeds. 
Chemicals for Purifying. 
I now wish to add my work regarding 
purifying ill-smelling cistern water. It 
is based upon some recent experience 
which was at first disagreeable but is 
now pleasurable. Of course, ventilation 
will do it, where practicable. In my 
case this could not be done. I therefore 
secured one ounce of potassium per¬ 
manganate (cost, 10 cents from any 
druggist) ; dissolved in hot water and 
poured into the cistern, it removed most 
of the odor and cleared the water up 
perfectly within two days. I am now 
adding another ounce to finish the job. 
Another good way, though I have not 
had to resort to it, is to hang a bag of 
charcoal in the water. I prefer the 
chemical, however, since this destroys 
the organic matter which is causing the 
putrefaction, whereas the charcoal merely 
absorbs the disagreeable gases and per¬ 
mits the putrefaction to continue. 
L. R. JONES. 
Wisconsin Exp. Station. 
Hazelnuts for Profit. 
F. H., Sarator/a Springs, N. Y .—Can 
some of your readers give information about 
growing hazelnuts on a large scale 
so as to yield a profit? I have plenty 
of nuts to save for seed, and plenty 
of land to grow them on (very sandy), or 
would it be better to buy filberts to plant 
in the first place? As a general thing 
about what do they sell for? IIow long 
does it take them to be in bearing con¬ 
dition after the time the seed is planted? 
Ans. —The culture of our native 
hazelnuts has been almost entirely over¬ 
looked. The European hazels or fil¬ 
berts as they are commonly called, are 
affected with a fungus disease in the 
wood that prevents them from being 
profitably grown over the greater part 
of North America except on the Pacific 
Coast. There they do remarkably well, 
especially in Oregon, Washington and 
British Columbia. But the two native 
species of the hazel that are found here 
and there, from the North Atlantic 
States to the Dakotas and Kansas, are 
entirely free from any such affection, 
so far as I have seen or heard, and 
ought to be grown for profit and pleas¬ 
ure in many sections. There are some 
quite choice varieties and nuts from 
these should be planted and the seed¬ 
lings set out to grow permanently. The 
nuts come up very well when planted 
while fresh, at least in my own ex¬ 
perience, and the plants grow and bear 
freely in good soil. They prefer a very 
rich, sandy loam, but I have seen great 
thickets of wild hazels on clay loams 
but always that which was naturally 
rich. If corners or small fields were set 
to these bushes they would be turned 
to good service,, and there are many 
such, especially on the edges of wood¬ 
lands. But they would need ■ to d>e 
fenced off from the encroachments of 
stock of all kinds and cared for until 
the bushes were able to fully occupy 
the ground. The nuts sell at fair prices, 
usually $2 to $4 per bushel. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Why Clover “Winter-kills.” 
S. P. S., Schenectady, N. Y .—In August, 
1909, I seeded an acre of land in Hampden 
Co., Mass., with a mixture consisting of 
12 pounds of Timothy, six pounds of Ited- 
top and 10 pounds of Alsike clover. The 
land had just been broken up. Not having 
sufficient manure I used fertilizer only 
made of 800 pounds basic slag meal and 
200 pounds sulphate of potash, which I 
mixed myself. The seed germinated well 
and the start and growth during the Fall 
I should consider good when the drought 
then prevailing is taken into account. The 
following season (1910), both the clover 
and grass did well and an excellent crop 
of hay was cut from the piece. Last Spring, 
however, it was found that the clover had 
nearly if not completely died out. This 
seems to be a plain case of winter-killing, 
and I have noticed that in Schenectady, 
N. V., also clover very largely died out 
during the last Winter. I would like your 
opinion as to the cause of the practically 
complete disappearance • of clover in some 
Winters, as I am somewhat skeptical as to 
the correctness of the theory often advanced 
that winter-killing is due to a lack of show. 
It seems to me that the trouble is too wide¬ 
spread to be due to this cause, and more¬ 
over I have an impression, which may be 
a wrong one, that the extent of winter- 
killing is not in proportion to the openness 
of the Winters. 
Ans. —While it is admitted that clover 
and Winter grain in general did not 
pass the last Winter in strong condi¬ 
tion, and in many instances were en¬ 
tirely killed, } r et I believe S. B. S. may 
be in error wh6n he says of his clover: 
“This seems to be a plain case of Win¬ 
ter-killing.” It is probable that the 
clover which gave a good crop in 1910 
and was absent in 1911, was destroyed 
by the Clover-root curculio or some 
other insect that works in a similar 
way. There are a number of them. If 
one goes now to a clover field (in any 
part of the' State, so far as I know) 
that has produced a good crop this sea¬ 
son and undertakes to pull up a clover 
plant, it is likely to break off near the 
crown and show a seriously damaged 
condition. This damage is caused by a 
larva eating into it and by next Spring 
the damaged plants will be dead. The 
disappearance of clover from our 
meadows the second season is almost 
entirely due to the depredations of 
borer insects. The winter-killing of 
clover occurs chiefly the first season 
after seeding. The insects do not get 
in their work so as to affect the first 
crop of clover. As regards winter- 
killing, I think there ~o question but 
a normal covering of snow is a great 
protection to plants, but the plants may 
go safely through until Spring and then 
be ruined by repeated freezing and 
thawing after most of the frost is out 
of the land. In this case it is largely 
the breaking of the roots by the heav¬ 
ing of the soil that does the damage. 
Cornell Agr. College. j. l. stone. 
The White Grub Problem. 
Last Spring we set out about 7.000 
strawberry plants on buckwheat stubble, 
ground that bad been given a coat of 
burned land lime, 40 bushels to the acre in 
1910 and the white grubs killed all except 
about 800, which were in the west end 
shaded by a grove on the west side. We 
had no idea that the land had any of the 
pest, but to our disappointment found as 
many as live grubs in one hill. Can you 
give' us directions to prepare a piece of 
ground for next Spring’s planting so as to 
get rid of this pest? Would salt or kaiuit 
do, and how much per acre should be ap¬ 
plied to insure success, as we do not want 
to make another failure of it? J. H. 
Pennsylvania. 
We do not know of any way except to 
turn a drove of^lively young hogs into 
this field and keep them a little hungry. 
They will turn that soil all over, and in 
some cases go down two feet and more 
after the grubs. The hogs are very fond 
of this insect and will find them anywhere. 
There is no other remedy. Fall plowing 
with a good flock of poultry to follow the 
plow will help, but will not get them all. 
When the large grubs once get in the soil 
they are there for life unless dug out. Salt 
or other chemicals will fail unless you use 
so much that you ruin the crops. The life 
history of this pest runs through several 
years. Thorough culture will prevent many 
young grubs from hatching, but the old 
ones will live out their life unless caught 
or dug out. 
The Vetch Crop. 
I note all remarks on vetch that I see. 
I have been using it for three years. I 
have tried it on different soils, and with 
different crops. This year on one piece of 
land I cut a crop of hay, of wheat and vetch, 
then let a crop of seed mature on second 
growth, plowed this under July 14, planted 
with Ninety-day corn, and have right good 
corn with slim prospects of frost before the 
last of the week. I cultivated twice and 
have a good stand in corn for next Spring. 
On one place that saved seed, I planted 
corn, cultivated twice and have a good 
stand here also. That is the way you can 
handle it here on the Virginia-North Caro¬ 
lina border. 1 could have planted corn 
sooner, had it not been for the drought to 
that date. I find that the hay makes 
horses look well, but has a tendency to 
keep their bowels a little too open. 
Nelson, Va. s. c. H. 
I sympathize with movement for dairy¬ 
men’s cooperation, and hope that the millen- 
ium may some day arrive, but wonder if any 
have thought what would happen to their 
net incomes with prices as now if they 
should produce just what milk they could 
from their own farms instead of from 
Western farms, and also if all acted on 
this plan, what would happen to the milk 
market and the grain and feed market. 
E. a. ii. 
A Woman’s Garden. — From a plot 30x50 
feet I took in $24 for early lettuce, $10 
for beets, $10 for early celery, and have 
now four rows of large perfect Winter 
celery planted in the furrows after the 
early celery was banked up. The self- 
bleaching celery was sold early in Septem¬ 
ber, and the late banked up. On one 
piece of new ground, where years ago 
had stood a log cabin and outbuildings, I 
raised a crop of early peas, a perfect crop 
of sweet corn and also beans, which have 
been prolific among the corn. 
Pennsylvania. marie t. lundale. 
for Thrifty Non &Youn^ Non 
CLOTHCRAFT 
CLOTHES £> 
A MAN visiting New York 
City on business wore a 
$16.50 Clothcraft suit. 
Just before leaving New York he 
was caught in the rain—the coat 
sprinkled, the trousers wet 
through. 
Wet as the suit was, he folded and 
crushed it into a crowded traveling-bag. 
When it was unpacked, thirty-six hours 
later, the suit was of course a mass of 
wrinkles; but after hanging two days 
it had so far resumed its shapeliness 
that you could never tell it had been 
wet. It was without a wrinkle and 
perfectly fit for wear. 
Clothcraft Clothes are guaranteed 
to be absolutely pure wool— 
The One Guaranteed All-Wool Line 
at Medium Prices: $10 to $25 
Moreover, they are guaranteed to have first-class 
trimmings and workmanship, to give lasting satis¬ 
faction, and to have permanent shapeliness so cut 
and needled into them as to prevent shrinking or 
sagging. 
So much quality at $10 to $25 is the result of 
Clothcraft Scientific Tailoring, which improves the 
quality while cutting down the cost. It is the 
outgrowth of sixty-one years devoted solely to 
making good clothes at medium prices. 
You can be sure of all these advantages in your 
clothes if you buy Clothcraft Clothes—and buy 
early, while assortments are good. 
Go to the Nearest Clothcraft Store 
Be sum tt see the Clothcraft Blue Serge Special. 
No. 4130,, a: $18.50. Then try on other Cloth¬ 
craft coats and overcoats, and see how well they 
fit. Notice the close-fitting collar, the shapely 
shoulders, and the full, smooth coat-front. 
If you don’t know a Clothcraft Store, write us 
today for the address of the nearest one. With 
it we'll send you the Clothcraft Style-Book for 
fall and winter. 
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO. 
Founded 1850—Oldest American 
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes 
635 St. Clair Avenue, N. W. 
,TV/TOST durable fence _ 
I’A made. Heaviest wires? 
Double galvanized. Stock? 
strong. Chicken tight. 
13 to 35c per rod. 
Sample free. We pay freight _ 
The Brown Fence & Wire Co. 
Dept. 59 Cleveland, O. 
Fleece Lined Underwear, 
'pOR the outdoor 
worker and every 
man who likes a warm 
protecting winter under¬ 
wear, there is none so satis¬ 
factory as 
Fleece-Lined Underwear 
Its luxurious fleece lining wards 
off colds and promotes good 
health. And it is one of the most 
durable underwears ever in¬ 
vented —two seasons' wear to 
a garment. 
Made for Men and Boys 
At your dealer’s. In Separate and 
Union Garments, at 50c, 75c and up. 
Lambsdov/n is one of the Bodygard 
Underwears. Look for the Body¬ 
gard Shield. It is your safeguard. 
Write for Bodygard Book No. C6 
Utica Knitting Co. 
Utica New York 
Makers of Bodygard Un¬ 
derwears, includ ng Vel- 
lastic, Twolayr, Springtex 
and Airyknit. 
ODYCAfiO 
The Ireland Straight-Line Drag 
Sawing Machine 
'T’HIS sawing rig fills a long felt want for sawing large 
1 timber. It is simple, durable and the most practical 
Straight-line sawing rig on the market. We also make 
circular saw rigs, saw and shingle mills. Get our prices 
on canvas belting; they will surprise you. Send for 
prices and full information. “Ask about Hoists.” 
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY. 
14 State Street NORWICH, NEW YORK. 
HONEST MAN OR WOMAN WANTED 
In every town to represent well-known wholesale firm. 
Experience unnecessary. Must furnish good refer¬ 
ences. Easy, pleasant work. Fair salary to start. 
McLEAN, BLACK & CO., Ill Doty Building, Boston, Mass. 
Replace Your Old Foundations 
With Concrete 
Don’t take any chances. If the supports of any of your buildings 
are beginning to show signs of rotting or crumbling, replace them 
with concrete right away. Don’t go back to wood or brick. 
No other material should ever be used for this purpose. Concrete alone is 
eternal. It is rat and mouse proof, will never decay and is absolutely rigid 
and unyielding even under the severest stress and strain. 
T TXIT/^IJPORTLAND 
Ll/H Hill CEMENT 
should be your unvarying choice for every purpose of concrete construction. 
Its surpassing strength and durability place it in a class by itself. It is the 
best cement for buildings, barns, water-troughs, corn cribs, fence posts, etc. 
r , A good dealer in your own town handles Lehigh. Remember that name— 
Lehigh look for the Lehigh trade-mark if you want to be sure of the best. 
A handsome book—containing valuable information—giving full directions 
for the use of concrete on the farm—sent free. Just your name and address on 
a postal will do. Send today. 
LEHIGH PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 
(11 mills—11,000,000 bbls. yearly capacity) 
Dept. A, Allentown, Pa. 
