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'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 4 
TREES ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. 
0. L. C., Great Falls, Mont .-—On page 
765 Mr. Van Deman shows the folly of 
grafting on promiscuous stocks. Why not 
have trees on their own roots? Set grafts 
in the bottom of a little hollow where your 
tree is to grow. Let but one bud show 
above the surface and when the shoot gets 
higher than the ground level fill in the dirt 
and keep it damp until the little tree has 
rooted for itself. My impression is that a 
growing stem roots more readily than year- 
old wood, but am not sure of it. If nur¬ 
serymen would plant graft at the bottom 
of deep furrows they could easily furnish 
trees on their own roots. After trees have 
started roots of their own why not remove 
the original graft roots and let them live 
on their own sweet natural roots. In the 
Far North common roots may winter-kill 
and even hardy trees. 
Ans.— The growing of fruit trees on 
their own roots is a very good idea, and 
is sometimes done with very good re 
suits. But it ts far more costly to 
propagate trees in this way, and some 
of them ait «iot so ‘good as those 
grafted or budded »r> other stocks, pro¬ 
vided they are coiiyemaJ and thriftv. 
The plan suggested dj mr Montana 
friend would produce tree* on their 
own roots, and some of them jjatp'ht be 
the better for it, but the cost would be 
double, or nearly so. This same end is 
obtained in a large proportion of the 
root grafts planted by nurserymen. 
They are deeply set and roots develop 
above the point of union soon, making 
the main system under ground. The 
greater proportion of root-grafted trees 
are of this character. Budded trees are 
rarely so, and can only acquire their 
own roots after having been deeply 
planted in the orchard and had time to 
develop them. h. e. van deman. 
SOME NOTES ON PECANS. 
I am just harvesting the largest 
pecan crop I ever grew, and perhaps 
the largest any man ever harvested. I 
have most of the well-known varieties 
in bearing, and a few notes about them 
may be of interest to your readers. 
Moneymaker is yielding twice as 
many pounds of nuts as any other va¬ 
riety, and 10 times as many as most of 
them on trees of the same age, and un¬ 
der like conditions. It is by far the 
easiest nut to harvest. Every tree is 
ready for that purpose on the last day 
of September. The next heaviest yielder 
is Teche, a Louisiana pecan that got 
mixed with Frotscher when Frotscher 
was first introduced. But it is far su¬ 
perior to Frotscher in every respect. In 
fact, Frotscher is so very poor in qual¬ 
ity and so poorly filled out as to be 
worthless. 
The next heaviest bearer is Carman, 
a nut named after the former editor of 
The R. N.-Y. It is a very long, light- 
colored nut, about the size of a Van 
Deman, but will yield 10 times the nuts 
Van Deman will. A man who was con¬ 
versant with the Northern pecan trade 
assured me that Carman was the very 
best nut to meet the extra fancy trade 
of the North. People who are not test¬ 
ing Carman do not know what they are 
missing. 
Of all splendid looking pecans the 
Van Deman has always taken the lead. 
If you expect to have a visit from the 
king, or to entertain angels unawares, 
then plant Van Deman pecans for them, 
but they are too sparse bearers to do 
much as a commercial pecan. But it 
will be long years before anyone brings 
out as beautiful a pecan as Van Deman. 
The Collingwood is another one of 
the glorious Louisiana paper-shells, like 
Van Deman, but it does not bear heav¬ 
ily enough to justify its being used as 
a commercial nut. 
Of all the very big pecans Pabst is 
by far the best. It has many very fine 
points. It is a glorious grower. It is 
the only one of the very big pecans that 
is always well filled out, and always 
rich and oily. If every one of the 
pecans in the world were to be done 
away with but one I would unhesitat¬ 
ingly say, “Save Pabst and let the 
others go.” The Stuart has many faults 
and many virtues. Like the little girl 
whom we have so often read about, 
“When it is good it is very, very good, 
And when it is bad it is horrid.” 
Exactly the same things can be said 
about the James pecan. 
The Columbian, Twentieth Century, 
Rome, Pride of the Coast (all the same 
pecan) are perfect failures. The Cen¬ 
tennial is even worse. The Frotscher 
is no better. The Nelson and Steckler 
are about like Columbian, big but rarely 
ever anything in them. The Success, 
President, Taylor, and Schley are very 
promising nuts, but have not been tested 
here long enough to speak with any de¬ 
gree of certainty about them. The nuts 
themselves are grand, but the question 
is, does the tree grow vigorously 
enough, and do they bear enough to 
pay? SAM H. JAMES. 
Louisiana. 
CONSUMER’S DOLLAR. 
There’s Your 30 Cents. 
Oil page 1024 we printed a letter which 
W. J. Dougan wrote to a commission man 
on shipping apples. Mr. Dougan gave or¬ 
ders that these apples were not to be sold 
for less than 50 cents a basket. Some of 
our people want to know the result. Mr. 
Dougan sends this report. 
I arc sending you two statements that 
were received to-day, so you may see just 
how much i made by sending in a box. The 
box sold for 50 cents and it contained 96 
apples, that being all I could put in and 
get cover on. I don’t know the name of the 
variety, but they were fine, large, red with 
green stripe and very pretty, and as smooth 
as is possible for apples to grow. My 
opinion is, the commission merchant has 
simply taken this means to make me shut 
up and give him a free hand. You see, 
every package was 50 cents, and the large 
baskets brought no more than a bushel 
basket and selected first grade apples no 
more than second-grade in a bushel basket. 
There is lots being written about the style 
of package, but I begin to think the price is 
governed by the commission merchants. 
W. J. DOUGAN. 
R. N.-Y T .—There were two returns made. 
Here is one : 
1 basket pears. 
6 baskets pears. 
.50 
.50 
3.00 
50 
Commission . 
Freight . 
Cartage . 
.40 
.1.00 
.35 
$4.00 
$1.75 
1.75 
' 
$2.25 
Thus the eight packages averaged net 28 
cents the package, costing about 10 cents. 
The cost of handling was 56 per cent of 
the commission man’s price. The con¬ 
sumer paid at least one dollar a basket for 
the apples. IIow much of tnis dollar did 
Mr. Dougan get? 
The other report follows: 
25 baskets apples.50 $12.50 
Commission .$1.25 
Freight . 2.85 
Cartage .75 
$4.85 4.85 
$7.65 
This means 30 cents per basket, or 20 
cents after paying for the package. The 
cost of handling was 39 per cent of the 
commission man’s price and Mr. Dougan 
will do well if he receives 20 cents of the 
dollar which the consumer pays for those 
apples. And now suppose we had a par¬ 
cels post, such as is found in Europe ! 
Mayor Shank’s Potato Deal. 
In your issue, page 1021, I note the let¬ 
ter you sent to the mayor of Indianapolis, 
Ind., and also the reply from his secre¬ 
tary. I desire to call your attention to 
some facts that will throw some light on 
this matter. During this Summer it was 
very hot and very dry through most of 
the central part of the United States. 
Through the States of Indiana, Illinois, 
Missouri and Iowa there are but few pota¬ 
toes .raised to more than supply the Sum¬ 
mer ‘demand. Over great tracts of these 
States there are no potatoes grown for even 
the local markets. The hot weather and 
drought cut short this limited supply of 
potatoes, and the resuit was that prices 
were very high, ranging from $1.40 to $2 
er bushel. While they were at this high 
gure the crop in Michigan, Minnesota and 
the Dakotas was harvested and placed on 
the market. The mayor of Indianapolis 
learned that he could buy potatoes in Mich¬ 
igan for about 70 cents per bushel, and did 
so and placed them on the market in his 
city, the fact being heralded in great head¬ 
lines in the papers. Now at the same 
time the Northern grown potatoes appeared 
in all our local markets, and the prices 
immediately dropped to 80 and 90 cents 
per bushel. I cannot think the mayor of 
Indianapolis, by his purchase of a few 
carloads of potatoes, affected the markets 
in places 118 miles from his city, as this 
place is, or other cities much farther from 
Indianapolis. 
The potato crop over a large territory 
was short, prices were very high, a late 
crop came into the market, and came quite 
abundantly and prices fell. I cannot think 
the mayor of Indianapolis had very much 
to do with the matter. Three weeks before 
it would have been impossible for him to 
have secured the potatoes at anything like 
70 cents per bushel. Six weeks ago pota¬ 
toes were selling all through this part of 
Illinois around $1.50 per bushel, while to¬ 
day they are selling for as low as 75 cents 
per bushel, but I cannot think the mayor 
of Indianapolis has become such a “trust 
buster"’ as to make the difference. 
Illinois. cius, r. adair. 
R. N.-Y.—Possibly not, but we have no 
evidence that the dealers in Indianapolis 
made any effort to lower prices until the 
mayor led the way! There seems to be 
evidence on the other hand that these deal¬ 
ers had formed a “combine” to prevem 
competition. We are informed that car 
loads of potatoes were shipped away from 
Indianapolis right when the retail pri e 
was so high. The wide publicity given o 
Mayor Shank’s work is one of the best 
things that has ever happened to *ne 
produce market. 
Here is a suggested remedy for apple 
growers in New York : They can ship direct 
to the Quincy Market Cold Storage Co the 
cars of all the railroads coming to J- >ston 
are connected with the Union Marginal 
Railroad, that covers the commercial streets 
of Boston, and cars are taken to the cold 
storage company without breaking bulk. The 
charge for storage is not high : Twenty-five 
cents per barrel for one month ; 35 cents for 
two months; 45 cents for three months; 
50 cents for four months ; 55 cents for five 
months; GO cents for six months. In car¬ 
load lots they, Q. M. C. S. Co., pay the 
charges of the Union Marginal Railroad, 
which is $7 per car. Shippers do not come 
td Boston to sell unless they wish too; can 
do all their business by mail, with cold 
storage company and with commission men 
later when prices are high to sell. 
Massachusetts. Horace b. barker. 
What Causes the Mounds? 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“squart deal.” See guarantee editorial pa^e. 
h«r<- is an engine that comes as 
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do a large part of the hard 
work of everyone on the farm. 
Eimp 2000 Gallon 
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Enough for tho or¬ 
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Drop us a postal today for facts. 
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.,Dept. D .Warren, Pa 
I was much interested in an inquiry by 
R. G. E. in regard to the small hummocks 
or mounds to be found in pasture lots or 
rough land. When 1 was a small boy I 
used to dig into many of these mounds ex¬ 
pecting to find anything from a dead Indian 
to a buried treasure, but as time went on 
I began to attribute them to natural causes, 
and while I do not pretend to be a geologist 
I think I can explain the cause. If you 
have ever seen a tree which has been up¬ 
rooted by wind you will notice a hole in 
the ground caused by the removal of the 
roots and earth which clings to them. In 
the course of time these roots rot away, 
and the earth settles into a mound which 
is soon covered by grass. To illustrate this 
explanation I will make a sectional drawing. 
In diagram A is the depression caused by 
removal of earth and roots; B the pile of 
earth dropped from the upturned roots; C 
the natural level of the ground. This mav 
MOUNDS LEFT BY FALLEN TREES. 
Sash that pay for 
themselves 
We know of instances where Sunlight Double Glass Sash 
have grown crops so much earlier and so much better that the 
extra prices they brought on the early market paid for the 
glass themselves. 
Two layers of glass instead of one 
The enclosed dry air space means that the sasb are never 
covered—and the plants get all the light all the time—and 
this accounts for their rapid growth and sturdiness. Even in 
zero weather you need not cover Sunlight Double Glass Sasb. 
not be tbe cause in all eases, but I posi¬ 
tively know it is in many, and I have in 
mind a large wood which many years ago 
was visited by a storm which blew down 
many trees, whose rotting trunks may be 
seen to-day, and in every ease the hummock 
may be found. harry b. Warner. 
In regard to the cause of mounds in pas¬ 
tures, mentioned on page 996, the answer 
does not seem very satisfactory. You have 
perhaps noticed in the woods a large tree 
has been blown over, the roots with earth 
and stones standing eight or 10 feet more 
or less in the air. When tbe roots and 
stump decay the earth and stones fall and 
form a small mound. Where these mounds 
rise you will see a small depression, and it 
will be on tho side of the prevailing winds. 
Does not the above reason sound better than 
those given? v. e. h. 
New Hampshire. 
On page 990 R. G. E. asks the cause of 
hummocks in v pastures. If he means t"he 
innumerable hummocks or little mounds in 
the low grouud in cattle pastures, it is 
easily answered. In the Spring of the year 
when the ground is full of water the cattle 
treading on it their feet settle in and the 
mud rises around their feet. This process, 
continued for a few years, makes the 
mounds he refers to. I doubt if this would 
take place in all kinds of soils. In this 
section they are everywhere. This is ex¬ 
clusively a dairy section, and the mounds 
are on all low pasture laud. 
Illinois. h. t. THOMPSON. 
Send for these books 
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t 
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Dnpt. T-3709 So. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IU. 
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