191 i. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1093 
Poor Drainage in Orchard. 
II. R., Rochester, N. Y .—We have an or¬ 
chard of peaches, apples and pears on a 
clay soil in Michigan. This orchard is 
fairly well underdraiued, and yet we are 
troubled with Winter injury and killing 
due to water collecting around the trunks 
and freezing in the Fall, and especially in 
Spring. What is the best method to follow 
iu order to stop this trouble? 
Ans. —It may be that there is fall 
enough within possible reach of this 
orchard to drain it thoroughly, and if 
so this is the first thing to do. Stand¬ 
ing water about the roots of fruit trees 
is one of the worst conditions to have 
them in. If there is not a good fall 
in the land some good may be done by 
plowing up to the trees, so that there 
will be ridges that will not allow water 
to stand on them, and any water that 
cannot run off' the land will settle in 
the dead furrows between the tree 
rows. But there may be too late cul¬ 
tivation that induces late growth and 
consequent injury from freezing it. 
Trees should be cultivated well in the 
early part of the growing season and 
rarely later than the first of August. 
A cover crop or even a mass of weeds 
is better than nothing on the ground. 
This helps to check rampant growth, 
and induces early maturity of the wood, 
which is something to be much desired 
in orchard trees. h. e. van deman. 
Christmas Greens. 
F. G. K., Ettricks, Va .—Will you give me 
some information as to how I should ship 
holly and mistletoe for Christmas decora¬ 
tions? Could I ship in barrels or crates? 
If the latter what size crates should I use? 
IIow large must the holly branches be? 
What are the prevailing prices in New York? 
Ans. —Holly is shipped in crates, the 
size being about 2j4x2j4x5 feet. The 
holly branches average about 18 to 24 
inches long, the great requisites being 
good glossy leaves and abundance of 
berries; awkward branches with heavy 
wood should be avoided. The holly is 
laid fiat in the crate, without any wrap¬ 
ping, closely packed, so that it will not 
shake about. The weight of a crate 
averages from about 80 to 95 pounds, 
more or less, and the price last season 
for early consignments was $4 to $5 a 
crate, but a lot came in very late, which 
dropped as low as 75 cents a crate, 
owing to lack of demand. Mistletoe is 
sold, wholesale, by weight, 25 to 30 
cents a pound; the quality depends 
upon quantity of berries and general 
condition of leaves. It is packed in 
boxes, barrels or crates. We do not 
recommend barrels unless care is taken 
in packing, and some spaces are cut to 
admit air, as if mistletoe is heated in 
transit it is liable to suffer loss and 
decay of berries. Sometimes there is 
heavy loss from this cause in mistletoe 
shipped from England to this country. 
Heating Greenhouse with Wood. 
L. G., Massachusetts .—Is it practicable 
to heat a small greenhouse with wood? I 
want to start plants of tomatoes, musk- 
melons, etc., for my little farm, and possi¬ 
bly a few to sell, but having plenty of wood, 
I do not feel like incurring the expense of 
building the greenhouse if it must be 
heated with coal, as coal is very high here. 
Ans. —Hard wood is desirable fuel 
where a greenhouse is heated by flues; 
indeed, for this purpose, it seems more 
desirable than coal. This system of 
heating is very inexpensive, and is used 
by many truckers for starting early 
plants. A brick furnace is built at one 
end of the house, and 10-inch or 12-inch 
flues constructed with a gradual rise the 
length of the house to where they enter 
the chimney, thus carrying the heated 
gases throught the flues, which radiate 
warmth. Sometimes the chimney is con¬ 
structed over the furnace, the flues ex¬ 
tending clear around the house. Great 
care must be taken, however, to avoid 
risk of fire; .the flues must not touch 
woodwork anywhere, and for the first 
30 feet they ■ should be made of fire¬ 
brick, the remainder being of sewer tile. 
Flue heating is never as satisfactory as 
steam or hot water, and is only advised 
where cheapness of construction is 
sought. It has its place in starting early 
plants, but we would not advise its use 
in growing Winter plants for flowers or 
fruit. We have seen hard wood used 
for fuel with hot water heating; it was 
harder to manage in cold weather than 
coal, but gave fair satisfaction on a 
small place. We think truckers nowa¬ 
days are strongly inclined to use hot 
water rather than flues, even where it is 
a small plant, but naturally the installa¬ 
tion costs more. Experience from those 
using hard wood for fuel with hot water 
heating would be helpful to this in¬ 
quirer. 
Two Cnops of Oats. —Growing two crops 
of oats on one field in one season is the 
rather unusual feat which has been accom¬ 
plished on this farm this year. The variety 
is Kherson. Firts crop sown April 4-5-6, 
cut July 3, and stubble disked with cut¬ 
away within few days, but soil was so ex¬ 
ceedingly dry that nothing grew till after 
the eight-inch “sprinkle” of July 23. Stub¬ 
ble disked again July 20 to hold moisture; 
nothing done to field since. The second 
crop is now mostly just past the soft 
dough stage, and will likely be cut in a 
few days, as our first visit from Mr. John 
Frost is due soon. Hope Farm man seems 
to be mighty good at double cropping, but 
can he beat this? However, in this case 
the farmer claims no special credit, as the 
very unusual season and other circum¬ 
stances were mostly to blame. 
Nebraska. J. H. tubes. 
Look for Tree Canker. —The Ohio Ex¬ 
periment Station has issued a warning urg¬ 
ing examination of apple trees for canker. 
This may well he done at picking time. To 
destroy canker, early pruning and burning of 
dying branches and removal of canker spots 
on living trunks and branches are urged. 
The diseased bark, etc., from such spot must 
be burned if spores are to be destroyed and 
infection reduced. Where local cankers with 
bark dead to the wood are discovered upon 
branches or trunks, or in crotches, the dead 
bark should be removed with a chisel, draw¬ 
ing knife, or other suitable Instrument, back 
to the sound, healthy, living tissue. When 
these surfaces, such as those caused by the 
sawing off of branches, or by shaving off 
all cankered tissue, have become free from 
moisture and the surface is dry they should 
be treated with melted asphaltum; the 
branches should be removed and the bark 
from cankers should bo promptly burned to 
destroy the spores of the fungus When 
pruning in the Fall it will be easy to secure 
the dry surfaces spoken of, usually without 
preparatory dressing. At times when trouble 
arises from moisture the freshly cut wounds 
may be covered temporarily witli white lead 
paint or linseed oil and Venetian-red, and 
later treated. Permanent covering of all 
wounds is required to protect from infection 
by wound parasites. 
—— tp'liter E. ff'ard Cow Barn, Dormansvillt, N. Y. 
fSZ Roofed with NEPONSET Paroid Roofing 
~~ Get Your Roofs Ready 
T for Winter 
'ZZ, Do not put off till spring the job of 
1 —~ re-roofing that barn or stable. Do it 
—after the Fall’s work when you are 
— putting things in shape for the Winter. 
IISIEpqnseT 
~ PAROID ROOFING 
Rivals Best Shingles for Long Wear 
*“’** Costs less to buy, less to lay, and adds fire 
protection. These are not word-claims, they 
” 1 ~'" are facts based upon actual records of wear. 
Farmers everywhere are buying NEPONSET 
_„ Paroid for their biggest and best barns—all 
, r , farm buildings. 
—- You may get a good roof in shingles or some 
other high grade material—but you are sure of 
a permanent roof with NEPONSET Paroid be- 
***** cause it is absolutely certain quality. Guaran- 
■*”” teed, of course. 
—— Writs for all the facts and dealer’s name. 
___ NEPONSET Proslate for bouses—looks tike 
u j- stained shingles. 
CZi F* W. BIRD & SON 
136 Neponset St., East Walpole, Mass., U.S.A. 
' Established 179S 
N*w Torts Washington _ Chicago Portland, Ore. 
San Francisco 
Canadian Plant, Hamilton, 
Ont. 
Abbott-Detroit “44’* 
Fore-Door Demi-Tonneau $1775 
it 
Equal To Every Emergency” 
T HIS Abbott-Detroit is not only built for service, but real service is buil 
into the car and is always on tap to meet the rigid demands of the owner 
and every emergency. 
Dr. W. M. Robertson, of Warren, Pennsylvania, writes: “Penn- 
slyvania hills and mountains give a car the severest of service, and my 
Abbott has proved herself equal to every emergency. This car has been driven 
nearly 6,000 miles between June 10th, 1910 and January 25th, 1911, and has 
traveled every day through dust, sand, deep mud and heavy snow, and has 
cost me practically nothing except for gasoline and oil. I feel like congratu¬ 
lating you on having the best rear axle ever put under a car of its class.” This 
letter from Dr. Robertson is only one of the many tributes we constantly re¬ 
ceive praising the superiority of Abbott-Detroit construction and the car's 
genuine service ability. 
“The Car With a Pedigree ’ 9 
Built for Permanence 
We have just published in booklet form a score of typical testimonial letters 
taken haphazard from our files—they tell what Abbott-Detroit owners think, 
and explain the reason of our famous slogan “Built For Permanence.” Be¬ 
fore you buy any make of motor, car you owe it to yourself to read these Abbott- 
Detroit letters from prominent men, all reproduced from their original letter¬ 
heads. Drop us a postal request for this Letter Booklet and our new free Ref¬ 
erence Catalog—a prompt book that can be referred to at any time for the true 
and correct meaning of standard motor car construction. 
Abbott Motor Company Detroit” 
627 Waterloo Street 
MICH. 
J. FI. Hale, the "Peach King ,’ writes: "The Double Action ‘Cutaway’ is 
a splendid tool. I use it in polishing off my peach orchards several times a 
year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.” 
The geuuino “Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchard- 
isis from coast to coast and bay to gulf. 
In orchard work the driver can cultivate under the trees and below the low 
limbs, the horses not interfering with the branches. The double levers give 
the driver full control of tool at all timos. For regular- farm work the gangs 
can be drawn together. 
UTAWAY 
DOUBLE ACTION 
ORCHARD HARROW 
Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers 
and fruit makers. They will positively pay for themselves in one season, To investi¬ 
gate is to bo convinced. 
Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine 
and new life, ami kills foul vegetation. The “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists 
and aerates the soil. Ci.ark’s “Cutaway” Tools run lighter aud do better work than 
any other machine. Lusts a lifetime. 
Send today for new catalog, ‘■‘Intensive Cultivation.” Of course, it’s free. 
CUTAWAY 
83» MAIN STREET 
HARROW 
COMPANY 
HtCCANUM, CONNECTICUT. 
RIFE 
RAM 
Water in Quantity 
all over your farm-house, field 
or barn—pumped without cost or 
trouble for you by 
an automatic Rife 
i ■ - Ram. Raises 
f water 30 feet for each foot of fall 
f —no trouble or pumping expense. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Booklet, 
I plans, estimate, FREE. 
| RIFE ENGINE CO., 2420 Trinity Bldg. N.V. 
Write for 
FREE 
Style Book 
and 
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—99 %o % Pure— 
American Ingot Iron Roofing 
Guaranteed For 30 Years 
Without Painting 
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the 
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing 
remarkable tests. A way out of your roof troubles. 
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO., Dent. D, ELTRIA, OHIO 
GREAT CROP RESULTS 
from the use of Martin's Animal Bone and Tankage 
Fertilizers force us to operate a third factory; total 
capacity, 200,000 tons. Seven largo abattoirs ami 
stockyards furnish the bulk of our raw materials. 
Agents and farmers constantly assure 11 s that our 
fertilizers give the best results of any ever tested 
and that they sell more than of any ever handled. 
Agents and farmers wanting strictly independent 
animal matter fertilizers, with exclusive selling 
territory, should arrange with us NOW. 
D. B. MARTIN CO. eA Pittsburgh, Pa. 
@fc 
You can wear clothes as stylish as can be 
bought on Fifth Avenue, New York, and pay 
for them at living prices, because we save you 
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We pay express charges East ot Mississippi 
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Our book offers a wide variety of woolen samples 
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GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO. 
203 Main Street Somerville, N. J. 
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE- 
^RTIUZt^ 
. , , MANUFACTURED ONLY BY , , . 
‘The Rogers & Hubbard Co., 
Middletown, Conn. 
Send for free Almanac telling all about 
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