1011 . 
THE RUKAb NEW-YORKER 
1176 
MORE ABOUT “UNIT” ORCHARDS* 
P. .1., Brooklyn, N. Y .—I have read with 
interest your criticism of the “unit” or¬ 
chard as au investment. Will you not con¬ 
tinue the discussion and state why you 
would prefer a “unit” in a developed or¬ 
chard to one undeveloped? Would not the 
lesser risk he offset by a higher price? 
Also, do not modern methods of planting, 
cultivating, spraying and so forth give the 
new orchard a better prospect of success 
than the old one, other things being equal? 
Finally, why the paying out of one’s “good” 
money for others to care for one’s “unit” 
in a developed orchard is any safer or less 
speculative than in an undeveloped one? 
I am convinced that your motives in op¬ 
posing this movement are sound, and have 
great conlidence in your judgment, and 
therefore ask these questions. 
Ans.— In the developed orchard you 
can see the bearing trees and examine 
them, see the fruit and know whether 
it is sold at a profit. You can take an 
expert and get from him a definite idea 
of values. Your income starts at once, 
and you can afford to handle your trees 
independently if you wish to. That is 
probably what you buy the “unit” for 
anyway. On the other hand, when you 
start before the trees are planted you 
take half a dozen risks in spite of what 
the promoters may tell you. The soil 
and locality may not prove what you 
think. There may develop some defect 
in getting fruit to market which you 
cannot now foresee. True, some of the 
promoters of these companies promise 
or offer “gilt-edged” guarantees, but we 
have seen before now even stronger 
guarantees fail because tbe promoters 
could not sell enough stock to float 
their enterprises and pay their bills. We 
would rather take our chance with a 
horse or a factory or a farm, all of 
which we could see and know were 
sound and profitable, than to buy a colt 
or share in some undeveloped business 
which someone else was to handle. We 
think the “unit” system is wrong in 
principle anyway, and we would not, 
personally, buy shares in either a bear¬ 
ing orchard or one undeveloped. 
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MANURE. 
C. L. B., Allentown, Pa .—Can you give 
us any idea as to the estimated money 
value (dollars and cents) of ordinary stable 
manure when used (a) on meadow land, (b) 
oats following corn, (c) corn? We are 
trying to determine the relative value of 
such a fertilizer ns compared with other 
kinds of fertilizers and to determine 
whether it would pay to haul same any 
fair distance. 
Ans.— The only way to estimate the 
value of manure as plant food is to 
compare it with chemicals which are 
bought and sold. Three things give 
such value to fertilizers—nitrogen, phos¬ 
phoric acid, and potash. These are 
quoted in the fertilizer market the same 
as wheat or flour or coal. If a man 
offered you a lot of cord wood or 
chunks for fuel you would compute its 
value by comparing it with coal. The 
same with stable manure. Its composi¬ 
tion varies, but on the average a ton of 
good quality will contain 10 pounds of 
nitrogen, 13 of potash and six of phos¬ 
phoric acid. Now to get this plant food 
in the form of chemicals you will need, 
say, 60 pounds nitrate of soda or 80 
pounds dried blood, 25 pounds muriate 
of potash, and 45 pounds of acid phos¬ 
phate. Find what these will cost in 
market and you have the trade value of 
the plant food in your ton of manure. 
You should add to this the cost of haul¬ 
ing. The manure has another value in 
the vegetable matter which it contains. 
As a rule where manure is hauled in 
this way and some fertilizers are bought 
it will pay best to put the manure on 
the corn ground and use the chemicals 
on the meadows or oats. The chemicals 
contain nitrogen in a more available 
form, and that is more suitable to the 
grass and grain while the manure on 
sod is ideal for the corn. 
THE MILLER’S SHARE OF WHEAT. 
The Figures Overhauled. 
We do not find one farmer in 20 who 
will take the flour from bis own wheat. 
They want Spring wheat flour which the 
miller must buy from the mills in the West 
or ship in the Spring wheat to make it. 
That kind of wheat or flour costs far 
above Chicago No. 2 Red or Winter wheat 
flour. Then beside all that they want the 
best (a short patent), would not have a 
straight flour, must have a 50 to 60 per 
cent patent, just the cream of the wheat. 
The other 40 to 50 per cent the miller 
must take just what ho can get for it, 
about $3.50 is the most. The short patent 
will cost him around $6 per barrel, while 
the Winter wheat flour is sold as low as 
$3.50 per barrel net to the miller. You 
cannot figure over one barrel Winter flour 
from live bushels of wheat of good quality. 
Your inquirer's wheat may not have been 
of high grade. We are not defending this 
miller, hut like to show up this business 
fairly to all, as we are meeting conditions 
as millers similar to this all the time. 
Winter wheat should bring more than 80 
cents, hut how is a Winter wheat miller to 
pay more and sell straight Winter wheat 
flour at $3.50, and bear all the expense of 
milling and hunting a market? If he ships 
his flour East it will not net him that much. 
If the farmers would do as they did 30 
years ago in this Winter wheat country, 
use the flour of their own wheat, they 
would help much to raise the price of Win¬ 
ter wheat flour, but when the farmer works 
against himself and trouble comes wny 
blame the miller? Then there is another 
thing I don't want to miss: Know all tne 
circumstances before you accuse your neigh¬ 
bor, so that you may in the end not appear 
unto condemnation. n. w. 
Pennsylvania. 
Noticing the statement on page 1130 rel¬ 
ative to the quantity of flour, bran and 
middlings that a farmer should get in ex¬ 
change for wheat, the rule of exchange when 
I operated a mill (and I milled it a good 
many years) was as follows : For a bushel 
of good clean sound wheat the farmer received 
36 pounds flour, eight pounds bran, four 
pounds middlings. So our farmer friends 
should have had: 41.15 bushels wheat at 
36 pounds, 1,485 pounds flour; 330 pounds 
bran. 165 pounds middlings; worth, 1,485 
pounds flour at $3 bushel. $44.55; 330 
pounds bran at $1.50. $4.95: 165 pounds 
middlings at $1.50, $2.47. Total. $51.97. 
The corn and oats feed could not enter into 
exchange as no miller could get feed from 
wheat. The farmer should have sold 
enough wheat to buy his feed and the miller 
should have made him wholesale price as 
he derives profit on both transactions, a 
bushel of good wheat milled in an average 
manner should produce 42 pounds straight 
grade flour, so the miller would get for his 
trouble and expense, six pounds flour and 
six pounds bran and middlings per bushel, 
or 247 pounds flour at $3, $7.41 ; 247 
pounds bran and middlings at $1.50, $3.72, 
$11.13. Or roughly 27 cents per bushel, 
which is a good price for milling. 
Michigan. c. h. Edwards. 
Nearly all millers in Northeastern Ohio 
take in wheat and ship it to seaboard tor 
export. They buy Spring wheat or Spring 
wheat flour and trade it or sell it to the 
farmers. We presume the same is true in 
the vicinity of Versailles. Pa. About 
three years ago I was in Ashtabula County, 
Ohio, and tried to sell some flour. The 
customer had a stock of flour made in Erie, 
Pa. It was about a dollar a barrel cheaper 
than our flour. I was surprised at such 
a large difference and examined the flour. 
It was very dark and speeky. That even¬ 
ing I ate some of it. I once worked for 
a 400-barrol mill of Bloomington. Ill. They 
did not grind a bushel of local wheat. They 
bought it and shipped it East. It required 
five bushels of it to make a barrel of in¬ 
ferior flour. Such wheat is worth about 
88 cents in Baltimore. Freight rate Ver¬ 
sailles to Baltimore 8% cents per 100, 
6 8-10 cents per bushel. Miller’s profit 
1 2-10 cents per bushel. Spring wheat 
flour ts worth $5.35 to $5.60 at Versailles, 
say $5.50, millers' profit on flour, 50 cents. 
Both old corn and oats were worth more 
than $1.50 per 100 delivered at Versailles 
a month ago; do not know about barley. 
Find out the grade of wheat and the brand 
or kind of flour. See how near my guess is 
correct. We are paying 90 cents here for 
wheat and 93 to 95 cents at our mill. 
Blanchester, Ohio. j. w. o. 
A B C of Potato Culture, by T. B. 
Terry and A. I. Boot: a new and revised 
edition of this standard popular work; 372 
pages, many illustrations. For sale by Tiih 
Ritual New-Yorker, price, paper, 50 cents, 
cloth 75 cents, net. 
The Farmers’ Manual of Law, by Hugh 
Evander Willis, published by Orange, Judcf 
Co. Mr. Willis is one of the law facultv 
in the University of Minnesota and is also 
a practical farmer. lie is the author of 
several law books, and in this volume of 
458 pages has given the essentials of law 
as it apples to the farmer. This excellent 
reference work is for sale bv The Rural 
New-Yorker, price $2 net. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
— - - - 
WORKS WITHOUT FAITH 
Faith Came After the Works Had Laid 
tlie f oundation. 
A Bay State belle talks thus about 
coffee: 
“While a coffee drinker I was a suf¬ 
ferer from indigestion and intensely 
painful nervous headaches, from child¬ 
hood. 
“Seven years ago my health gave out 
entirely. I grew so weak that the exer¬ 
tion of walking, if only a few feet, 
made it necessary for me to lie down. 
My friends thought I was marked for 
consumption—weak, thin and pale. 
“I realized the danger I was in and 
tried faithfully to get relief from medi¬ 
cines, till, at last, after having employed 
all kinds of drugs, the doctor acknowl¬ 
edged that he did not believe it was in 
his power to cure me. 
“While in this condition a friend in¬ 
duced me to quit coffee and try Postum, 
and I did so without the least hope that 
it would do me any good. I did not 
like it at first, but when it was properly 
made 1 found it was a most delicious 
and refreshing beverage. I am espe¬ 
cially fond of it served at dinner ice- 
cold, with cream. 
“In a month’s time I began to im¬ 
prove, and in a few weeks my indiges¬ 
tion ceased to trouble me, and "my head¬ 
ache stopped entirely. I am so perfectly 
well now that I do not look like the 
same person, and I have so gained in 
flesh that I am 15 pounds heavier than 
ever before. 
“This is what Postum has done for 
me. I still use it and shall always do 
so.” Name given by Postum Co., Bat¬ 
tle Creek, Mich. 
“There’s a reason,” and it is ex¬ 
plained in the little book, “The Road to 
Wellville,” in pkgs. 
Ever read the above letter ? A new one 
appears from time to time. They are genu¬ 
ine, true, and full of human interest. 
Abbott-Detroit “44” 
Seven Passenger, Fore-Door Touring Car, $1800 
You Know The Farm Power Thief! 
I N YOUR farm tractor, thresher or stationary engine, you know the greatest 
thief of motive power is friction. Now, in every kind of machinery and 
automobiles, manufacturers are trying to overcome friction by the intro¬ 
duction of standard bearings and plenty of oil and lubricating grease. In 
the Abbott-Detroit friction is practically an unknown quantity. 
Low Cost of Upkeep 
Not only the bearings but the entire Abbott-Detroit construction is standard. 
Standardization means that all parts work and inter-work in perfect harmony 
—harmony that is uniform throughout the car. Ill-fitting joints and bearings 
in an Abbott-Detroit is an absolute impossibility. A silent, smooth running 
car with cost of up-keep hammered down to the very lowest notch is directly 
due to the standard bearings embodied in this all standard and uniform Abbott- 
Detroit. 
“The Car With a Pedigree” 
flhbofrtVfrdT 
Built for Permanence 
This car will climb that hill and coast that grade—it will run through sand 
and mud, snow and slush—it’s the real power plant demanded by enterprising 
farmers who live in the rough parts of the country where only a strong, depend¬ 
able and standard car such as the Abbott-Detroit will stand up year in and year 
out, giving service, service , SERVICE, all the time. 
Send for the free Abbott-Detroit catalog—it tells you everything. 1 
Abbott Motor Company Detroit,°°mich! 
Orchard and Fa 
All genuine “Cutaways” are intense cultivators and 
will increase your crops 25 to 50 per cent. Our Double 
Action -Cutaway” Harrow is a wondorful invention 
—can be used in field or orchard. Perfect center 
draft. Drawn by two medium horses will move the 
earth twice on every trip. Wo can prove it. 
“Intensive Cultivation,” our new catalogue is Free. 
Scud for it today. 
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main St., Hwganom, Conn 
‘/ 3 More Water U 
‘‘American" Centrifugal Pump 
than hy others because the impeller 
is accurately machined to the casing, 
preventing any sudden 
change in direction 
of the water. Not 
ctn ounce of power 
is wasted. Every 
“American” Cen¬ 
trifugal absolutely 
guaranteed. 
Write for new 
catalog. 
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS 
Office and Works, Aurora, Ill. 
FintNationai Bank Building, CHICAOO 
GREAT CROP RESULTS 
from the nse of Martin’s Animal Bono and Tankage 
Fertilizers force us to operate a third factory; total 
capacity, 200,000 tons. Seven large abattoirs and 
stockyards furnish the bulk of our raw materials. 
Agents and farmers constantly assure ns that our 
fertilizers give the best results of any ever tested 
and that they sell more than of any ever handled. 
Agents and farmers wanting strictly independent 
animal matter fertilizers, with exclusive selling 
territory, should arrango with us NOW. 
D. B. MARTIN CO. 
buroIng Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE- 
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . , . 
e Ihe Rogers & Hubbard Co., 
Middletown, Conn. 
Send for free Almanac telling all about 
Hubbard s Bone Base’ 1 Fertilizers, 
STEEL WHEELS 
(Low-Down) 
to fit your farm'wagon, 
is the combination that makes 
you look and feel like an Up- 
To-Date farmer. You can do 
more work without being so tired, 
and you can do so much of your 
work alone with the Low-Down 
Steel Wheels. Ask for free 
Catalogue of Instructions. 
Havana Metal Wheel Co. 
llox 17 Iljivn iiu. Ill. 
STOP HIGH HARD LIFTS 
Electric Low Down 
Handy Wagons, 
Complete 
Make hauling easy. 
Carry any loads and 
are best suited to ail 
farm work. Broad 
tires mako good 
roads, avoid rutting 
and greatly reduce 
draft for horses. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO 
Electric Steel 
Wheels forYour 
Old Wagon 
Best way to make 
your wagon over, 
good as new. We 
scud wheels to fit any 
8i/.e axle and make 
an end of tire setting 
and repairs. Send 
for free catalog. 
, Box 48,Quincy, III. 
BUY AN ICE PLOW 
and save the ice crop. Cut your ice 
quick and cheap with my double- 
•ow Joe Plow, it equals 20 
men with saws. Days for 
itself in 1 day. Also Tool*. 
Ask for catalog and prices. 
WM. II. PRAY, Verbauk, N, Y. 
fipnifl a »**»»» Prairie Dogs, 
Woodchucks, Gophers, 
and Grain Insects. 
“The wheels of the gods 
grind slow but exceed¬ 
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop their 
wRh “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ” a a r 8 e 
EDWARD K. TAYLOR, Penn Yan. N. Y. 
FUMA 
WELL 
DRILLING 
MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on 
wheels or on sills. \V ith engines or horse powers. Strong 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate theta 
easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca. N. Y. 
