1182 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
December 9, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
CARE OF YOUNG HEIFER. 
I have a Holstein heifer, will be two 
years old next March. I expect her to 
freshen about April 1; is good size. Will 
you tell me how she should be fed during 
the Winter and Spring? I have good hay, 
Timothy, clover, oats and peas and sweet 
corn stalks, and plenty of mangels. 
Pennsylvania. l. d. 
The most common mistake made in devel¬ 
oping a heifer is in not recognizing the 
fact that she is actually a cow, and needs 
caring for the same as any cow. and imag¬ 
ining that she needs a special looking 
after, or its extreme, no care, and that 
any odds and ends are good enough feed; 
also that she needs to “rough it” to make 
her hardy, and cause her to “take hold ' 
of her feed without any signs of dainti¬ 
ness. All this last is wholly wrong, and 
has no part in the proper developing of a 
heifer. First, hardiness and constitution 
are born with a calf, never supplied after, 
so that when the calf is dropped if it is 
fully developed, active, a full mouth of 
teeth, and goes right after its dairy 
lunch, you may count on a healthy, hardy 
animal in after years, if well housed, and 
cared for. 
A heifer should always be kept growing, 
and never suffer for the needed amounts 
of food daily to make it grow, but never 
in such abundance as to “stuff it,” cloy its 
appetite, and upset its digestion. I am a 
firm believer in feeding regularly; feed 
what it can eat in a certain time, give it 
full time for digestion before again feeding, 
and see it comes to be fed with a desire to 
eat. not have to be coaxed with chocolate 
drops. From calfhood to the first calf, feed 
in kind much as one would the milch cow, 
and care and shelter the same. This in¬ 
quirer names a fine lot of feeds to feed the 
heifer in question. They are all dairy 
food but the Timothy hay, in place of which 
silage would be much better, cut roots 
with Timothy hay betters the ration. One 
thing must be kept in mind; make the 
grasses, the clover hay, and fodder gener¬ 
ous enough to develop capacity to store 
food, which cannot be done with concen¬ 
trated rations, and in the Winter nothing 
equals this like the bulky, quickly digested 
silage. 
This heifer, now within five weeks of 
freshening, would best be put with the 
other cows in the stable, and given her 
stall and manger. Feed her as you do the 
other cows, but not so generously; feed 
to her normal capacity. Feed her a fair 
amount of the oatmeal, some pea meal, and 
all the clover hay she will eat in an 
hour and a half or so three times a day, 
possibly somewhat less at noon. As this 
heifer is not only carrying her calf, but will 
soon begin to develop the udder, I would 
after New Years give her a half pound 
of oil meal a day to help her make good, 
rich blood and much of it, and with her 
oatmeal develop her nerve power by sup¬ 
plying the material out of which to make 
good red meat. Three or possibly four 
pounds a day of the mixed grain would be 
about right, and if part of it was cornmeal. 
it would do no hurt, as it supplies animal 
heat as does no other food. I would see 
that she was free of body parasites, and 
was gone over now and then with a 
card. It will be found more productive 
of animal magnetism than the electricity 
absorbed from a wire fence, on a cold day. 
This heifer can be taught, long before 
she calves, that she is to all intent a real 
cow, and will never be compelled to go 
through what some call “breaking.” Han¬ 
dle her. learn her milch cow ways, to 
“hist.” handle her udder, but do not play 
milking. When the other cows are fed, 
give her portion. One thing we always 
do before she comes in; oil her udder, 
using a good grade of auto oil. and just 
before she calves, when her udder becomes 
full and distended, and shows hardening, 
give it a good oiling and rub it in. It 
will shut off the air. mellow the tissues, 
and prevent “caking,” the real “terror” of 
the young heifer. Be sure she has a box 
stall, or separate pen. in time for the ex¬ 
pected arrival, and after the event give 
her a pail of quite warm water with some 
shorts mixed in to warm her up. As soon 
as the calf is on its feet, and before it 
can suck tie it in front of her. Do not 
let it suck ! You milk the heifer and she 
will never then know that there is 
any other way. Give the milk to the calf. 
It will never know that there is any other 
way to get its dinner. 
In a few hours take the calf entirely out 
of her sight, and the second time you milk 
her she has forgotten that she has a calf, 
and adopts you on trust in its place. For 
a few days drop off on the heifer’s feed 
to some extent until after things have be¬ 
come all right, then add feed gradually 
and you will find that you have a cow 
on your hands, instead of a wild heifer. 
In about 100 days the heifer will show 
signs of shrinking. Adam’s old cows dried 
off at that period, and every heifer ever 
since has tried to do the same. Then Is 
the time to add the extra feed, and keep 
up the flow. Milk her 12 months, however 
small the mess then. Do not have her 
freshen sooner than 15 months the second 
time. Will she turn out a high class cow? 
I cannot tell how well she was born, 
what the influences of her heredity, what 
the family traits were of milk giving, or 
how many great records her relatives have 
made. The number of letters taken to spell 
their names has nothing to do in the mat¬ 
ter. It is breeding from milking lines and 
developing care that tells the final story. 
Ohio. JOHN GOULD. 
Thin Horse. 
I have an old horse—teeth not very good 
—have had veterinary work on them. His 
feed is corn chop and bran, with a little 
linseed oil meal. I wish to try Fowler’s 
solution of arsenic and write to ask amount 
of dose, how often to give it and how to 
feed it. c. e. d. 
Missouri. 
Do not give arsenic to any well horse. 
It is given in heaves or for other troubles 
affecting the “wind.” A quart of black 
strap molasses thinned with three quarts of 
hot water and stirred up with cut hay, 
cornmeal and wheat bran and fed night and 
morning will do far more good in plumping 
a thin horse. Feed whole oats at noon and 
long hay at night. 
SERUM FOR HOG CHOLERA. 
I was interested in the article on page 
1072 in regard to serum treatment for hog 
cholera. Probably Mr. Duekwall is correct 
if his statements are applied to Ohio only, 
but we have been all through this hog 
cholera business here and we are vaccinat¬ 
ing all pigs born now when they are about 
four weeks old. \Ye have no trouble in 
getting the serum from the State Veter¬ 
inary College, and it has been nearly two 
years now since we have had a case of 
cholera here. When Mr. Duekwall states 
that the serum is only supplied to farms 
where cholera actually exists he is cer¬ 
tainly mistaken, as we treated 40 pigs one 
day last week. We now have 230 pigs 
here and they are the finest lot I ever 
raised. c. s. greexe. 
In regard to Mr. Greene's communication 
there are thousands of corn belt farmers 
who would think his conditions fortunate 
indeed. Throughout the States of Ohio, 
Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Missouri the 
supply of serum is so far behind the de¬ 
mand that carload after carload of half fat 
hogs, shotes and even pigs have been sent 
to market owing to nearness of cholera 
and lack of means of treating them. I 
hope the time will soon come when the 
corn belt farmer can use the serum as a 
preventive just as Mr. Greene describes, but 
the time has not yet arrived. I enclose a 
clipping which will partly corroborate my 
assertions, and a visit to any of the hog 
markets of the corn belt will thoroughly 
substantiate my statements. The farms 
where the hogs have been treated in the 
last two years are free from disease but 
the infection has been started from new 
centers and the disease has spread more 
rapidly than the serum could be secured to 
treat them. w. e. duckwall. 
R. N.-Y.—The clipping mentioned by Mr. 
Duckwall (an official bulletin from the 
Ohio Department) states: 
“Up to this time it has been the policy 
of the Board to furnish serum to the 
farmer at cost of production, and to furnish 
services of field veterinarian to administer 
this serum free of charge. In order to 
keep pace with increased demands, an army 
of veterinarians would have to be employed 
and paid by the State. At a recent meet¬ 
ing of the Board, a change of policy was 
voted. Hereafter serum will be supplied 
by the Department to those in need of it 
and local veterinarians will administer it. 
These local veterinarians should inform and 
qualify themselves to do this work. If 
well done, there can be no doubt as to good 
results. The present manufacture of serum 
is conducted on a rented farm of only a 
few acres. The capacity of same is far 
from being sufficient to supply the demand.” 
Blanket Tearing. 
Could you tell me any way or anything to 
put on a stable blanket to stop a horse from 
tearing it off? My horse tears his blanket 
no matter how well I surcingle it, also 
street blanket. s. D. 
Connecticut. 
It is necessary to muzzle such a horse 
when blanketed as the vice proves incurable 
in a majority of cases. We cannot suggest 
a remedy for the vice. a. s. a. 
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