1222 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Live Stock and Dairy 
THE OLD FARM HORSE. 
I regret to learn the way in which 
some people dispose of their horses 
when they have outlived their useful¬ 
ness. Prosperity and humanity do not 
seem synonymous in our rush for 
wealth, but the old faithful horse must 
go; he has become unprofitable. Per¬ 
haps the women folks will shed a few 
tears at his departure, as it seems like 
one of the family, but he is growing old 
and will bring a few dollars. Farmer 
A. sells him to Farmer B., who, not 
having known the horse long enough to 
be affected by sentiment, works him to 
the limit. Perhaps he fares as well in 
Farmer B.’s barn as he does in A.’s, 
but the old horse is getting older and 
weaker. B. finally sells him to Farmer 
C., who finds him unable to keep up to 
the rest of the younger horses, and uses 
the whip on this poor beast. I would 
have more satisfaction to know that 
this poor old beast was peaceable mol- 
dering in the earth than to know that 
some stranger’s hands were whipping 
and beating him to drive him to do 
more than he is able. M. e. moret. 
Michigan. 
DO SHEEP PAY? 
The price of lambs on the local mar¬ 
ket is quoted at three to four cents and 
old sheep at four to 'five cents per 
pound. Wool is quoted in same market 
WELL WORTH THEIR SALT. Fig 500. 
at 14 to 17 cents per pound. Clover 
hay is quoted at $18 to $20 per ton, 
Timothy hay at $22 to $24 per ton, corn 
at 73 cents per 100 pounds, and oats at 
48 to 50 cents per bushel. Land in the 
writer’s section is selling at $125 to $150 
per acre. With such prices, are sheep a 
paying proposition? With these exist¬ 
ing conditions it presents much food for 
thought, and the farmer having sheep at 
the present time hardly knows what 
move to make, and the problem calls 
for deliberate consideration. 
I talked to a man the other day who 
said, “I’m going to sell my sheep. Feed 
stuffs Are too high and sheep too low.’’ 
This is a common expression of those 
keeping sheep in this section. But 
notwithstanding all this I say “keep 
your sheep.” The pendulum never 
swings so far in one direction but what 
it will return. There is always a re¬ 
action in anything. I have every reason 
to predict safely that these low prices 
of sheep and wool will be followed by 
better prices. When everybody else 
wants to go out of a certain line of live 
stock industry that is just your time to 
begin. The person who follows a cer¬ 
tain line of stock breeding and sells out 
every time a slump comes and expects 
to be in when the high mark is on and 
out when the prices are low will be sure 
not to make a success of live stock 
breeding. 
Stay right with the business. Main¬ 
tain about the same amount you always 
keep, and pay no attention to the flur¬ 
ries. I insist, whether schedule K or B 
or any other tariff schedule is tampered 
with, I will keep my flock of high-grade 
sheep. True, the prices on one side are 
encouraging and discouraging on the 
other hand, but I believe it will pay to 
keep sheep. I have no notion of selling 
my flock, and shall not skimp them of 
stover, clover hay, oats or silage, but 
feed these feeds in the same proportion 
I have for years, which has given us the 
best of success. It is well known that 
there is no other stock on the farm that 
is so easily cared for. A boy 12 years 
old can care for a flock of 50 sheep, 
and will not interfere in the least with 
his school work except when lambing 
time comes, which calls for some extra 
attention from older persons. Here at 
the writer’s home it requires three men 
to care for 23 head of cattle; quite a 
contrast. Then in the warm months of 
the year the sheep need practically no 
attention save a supply of salt and 
water. Sheep are great scavengers, 
are helpful and economical in keeping 
down weeds and underbrush. With the 
great ease with which sheep are kept 
and taking into consideration that per¬ 
haps which is more important than all, 
I like sheep and love to work with and 
among them are ample reasons why I 
personally should hold on to my sheep, 
and other persons who are situated as 
I am I believe will make a mistake to 
dispose of them. j. a. s. 
Ohio. 
The Law About Diseased Cattle. 
What rights, if any, has a milk producer 
in the matter of having his cattle tested 
for tuberculosis? I am told a man is in 
this vicinity going through dairies and that 
in one case he killed every cow in a large 
herd save one. Are we compelled to sub¬ 
mit? If so, do we get anything for cattle 
so killed? We have 20 cows, are in debt 
on the farm and to have these cows killed 
and get nothing for them means financial 
ruin. t. w. 
Oswego Co., N. Y. 
The State Commissioner of Agricul¬ 
ture has full authority to examine ann 
mals and premises, test, quarantine and 
cause tuberculosus animals to be killed 
if, in his judgment, such action is neces¬ 
sary. The law provides for the appraisal 
of such condemned stock at its true 
market value, but not to exceed $75 for 
unregistered cattle. If the appraisal 
made is not satisfactory to the owner, 
the matter is to be decided by arbitra¬ 
tors, one appointed by the State ap¬ 
praiser and one by the owner, a third 
being appointed by these two when 
necessary. They cannot put on a value 
exceeding the limit of the law, and their 
findings, when approved by the Com¬ 
missioner, shall be final. The owner is 
given a certificate showing actual ap¬ 
praisal value and gets his pay from the 
State in due time. 
Heating Stock Water in Canada. 
//. L., Okotoks, Alberta, Canada .—Can 
anyone give me some information how to 
keep my watering trough for cattle and 
horses from freezing in the Winter? It 
gets quite cold here. I have a small house 
where I keep my separator next to this 
trough. Could I put some kind of a heater 
in this to heat the water? 
Ans. —Alberta is subject to very low 
temperatures, and I advise the inquirer 
to take the following precautions: 
Build a box around the watering 
trough, leaving a six-inch space be¬ 
tween the outside of the trough and 
the inside of the protecting box, to be 
filled with chaff and covered to keep 
the chaff dry. Next a cover should be 
made as large as the outside dimen¬ 
sions of the box, and to insure a snug 
fit the under side of this cover should 
have several layers of burlap tacked to 
it. Some one of the many tank heaters 
should be used, which would be prefer¬ 
able to supplying heat from the sep¬ 
arator house; this would be possible j,f 
the watering trough were on the same 
level as the heater inside the house, 
so that the water could circulate from 
tank to heater. I strongly advise the 
tank heater to be placed right in the 
trough, as being more practical. It 
would be worth while to build a pro¬ 
tecting shed over the watering trough, 
also. w. E. d. 
Ohio. 
Bone Meal for Cows. 
Can you tell me something about feeding 
bone meal to cows and hogs, and the quan¬ 
tity? What is the object? Why do cows 
and hogs gnaw old bones? E. D. B. 
Fayetteville, N. Y. 
Most feeders that we know use “a 
large handful” of bone meal each day. 
This would mean a little over a pound. 
It is usually mixed with the grain. 
The object is to provide lime and 
phosphates for bone making. Most of 
us have noticed cattle chewing old bones 
or the rails on fences or drinking filth 
in barn yards. This is the result of a 
depraved appetite caused by a lack of 
bone-making material or minerals in 
the food. This lack creates a craving 
of the system which can only be satis¬ 
fied by the proper food. Bone meal 
will help and so will wheat bran, but 
the bone meal is best for the purpose. 
Buckwheat Straw Bedding. 
Is there any reason why buckwheat straw 
should not be used for bedding for stock? I 
have been told it is very injurious to ani¬ 
mals. e. F. c. 
Watervliet, Mich. 
There is no reason why buckwheat 
straw should not be used for litter for 
live stock. It does not make the best 
of litter, because it is rather coarse, 
and breaks up quite rapidly and soon 
has to be renewed. So far as breaking 
down in the manure is concerned, it is 
more satisfactory than most other kinds 
of straw. I am aware that in some 
quarters there is a prejudice against 
buckwheat straw as injurious to the 
animals. In our own experience and 
that of a number of whom I have made 
inquiry such injurious action has not 
been observed. I have heard it stated 
that pigs lying in buckwheat straw would 
experience an irritation of the skin, 
and that horses bedded with it would 
be inclined to contract the scratches, 
but I have never observed a case of 
either of these troubles due to this 
cause, nor have I positive testimony 
from an individual who has observed 
it. I therefore doubt the correctness 
of the statement. j. l. stone. 
Why I Keep Berkshires. 
After breeding tliis strain for several 
years, I am convinced that the Berkshire 
hog is the ideal hog, not only for the fan¬ 
cier but for the farmer as well. My reason 
for reaching this decision is that when the 
sows are fully developed they are unusually 
prolific, farrowing large litters; are good, 
deep milkers, and extremely careful mothers. 
Then the sows as well as the boars have 
a well built-up frame, stand well on their 
feet, which denotes strength in their mus¬ 
cular system and a vitality which is mar¬ 
velous. This muscular strength and vitality 
is especially noticeable in newly farrowed 
pigs, with the result that there is less loss 
with the young Berkshire pigs than with 
those of other breeds. Another point, which 
is very important, is the value of a pun* 
bred Berkshire boar and his value in a 
herd of grade sows on account of his , 
ability to transmit the valuable qualities ; 
of a purebred to his offspring when crossed 1 
with grade or other breeds. The Berkshire | 
hog is a much more active animal than ' 
other breeds; is a good forager, and as i 
everyone knows, activity and exercise stands 
for health and strength ; aids the digestive 
and assimilating osgans, keeping them in 
working order', which means additional 
weight put on witlv the least amount of 
feed consumed, and this is a big point in 
favor of the Berkshires. In addition to 
their value I personally prefer them on ac¬ 
count of their conformation, especially tno 
high-class Berkshires of to-day, and their j 
uniform color and markings, and it is for 
this reason that I raise this particular 
breed. a. f. jones. 
Purebred Stock.— The last census 
showed New York in the lead of all States 
in number of dairy cows. There were 
1,508,672 of these dairy animals, Wisconsin 
being next with 1,471.591. Now it ap¬ 
pears that there were only 45,462 purebred 
cattle in the State in 1910. If there Is 
anything in the arguments advanced by 
breeders the purebred is superior for dairy¬ 
ing and in a great dairy State like New 
York such cattle should make a better 
showing. We think these breeders mas# 
something of a mistake in not going out 
more than they do for what we may call 
the farmers’ trade. A large share of their 
sales are made by one breeder to another. 
There is a great market among dairymen, 
especially those who combine fruit-growing 
with dairying. They need some live stock 
and want the best. There ought to be a 
campaign to convince them that pure blood 
will pay. In fact thousands of dairymen 
are already convinced. They have a good 
many high-grade dairy cows which produce 
more milk than the average pure blood. 
These men know that the pure blood is re¬ 
sponsible for this superiority, but they say 
that prices charged for the blooded stock 
are so high that the present milk business 
will hardly warrant an investment. 
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