1911. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
1226 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains 
and fodders. No detinite rules are given, but the 
advice is based upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the 
elements in the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in 
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is 
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close 
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydrates. 
Milk Ration. 
I have the following to feed 14 cows. I 
only have 12 cows now. About nine loads 
of stubble hay, fodder from 22 acres of 
corn, about three acres of beets, 1% acres 
rutabagas, 250 bushels of oats, which I 
want to save for the horses ; 1,200 or 1,500 
bushels of corn. I buy gluten and bran. At 
present I am mixing 100 pounds gluten, 100 
pounds cornmeal, 100 pounds bran, and 
giving each cow about six quarts of this 
mixture for day. Am I feeding enougn 
gluten? I want to make milk. They also 
get beets or rutabagas, fodder and hay. 
Out of these feeding materials please give 
me a good milk ration for the cows. Make 
the instructions very simple, so that I may 
know the amount of the various feeds for 
each cow. j. e. s. 
Pennsylvania. 
You seem to be feeding a very good ra¬ 
tion, and I do not know that I could im¬ 
prove it any without knowing all the con¬ 
ditions under which you are working. \ r our 
corn “fodder” is probably cornstalks with 
the ears husked out. As you probably know, 
this makes rather poor feed for a cow 
unless it is cut or shredded. It always pays 
to do this except when feeding the corn 
green early in the season. Your beets and 
turnips should also be cut into small pieces 
and fed after each milking for succulence. 
I would prefer mixing 150 pounds of wheat 
bran with 100 pounds each of gluten and 
cornmeal for the grain mixture. A good 
rule to go by if your cows are fresh or 
nearly so is one pound of grain to each 
two and a half or three pounds of milk 
produced. c. s. o. 
Balanced Ration. 
Please give me a balanced ration for cow, 
weight 800 pounds. It is to be composed of 
wheat bran, shorts, cotton-seed meal, corn 
hearts, cotton-seed hulls and Alfalfa hay. 
Texas. D . B . c . 
The feeding stuffs mentioned should be 
fed in the following proportions for a bal¬ 
anced ration : 
Digestible nutrients. 
would not advise feeding both the wet 
grains and stale bread at the same time, 
but a little cornmeal should be mixed with 
either one for pigs after they are eight or 
10 weeks old, gradually increasing the corn¬ 
meal until during the fatening period, when 
you are finishing the pigs for market about 
four-fifths of their feed may be composed 
of cornmeal. By marketing your pigs 
when they are nine months old or less you 
should be able to make a fair profit with 
this system of feeding. c. s. a. 
Another Milk Ration. 
Please compound a balanced ration for 
me out of the following feeds: Eureka 
silage, mixed Timothy and Red-top hay, 
dried brew-ers’ grains, cotton-seed and gluten 
and a small amount of cut cornstalks. 
New York. a. w. 
From the feeds mentioned I have com¬ 
pounded the following ration, which will 
prove very satisfactory for the purpose of 
milk production : 
Digest- 
5 lbs. dried brew¬ 
ers’ grains.... 
2 lbs. cotton-seed 
meal . 
1 lb. gluten feed.. 
Dry 
ible 
Carb. 
Matter. Protein. 
& Fat. 
7.35 
.315 
4.515 
10.45 
.406 
5.55 
4.60 
1.040 
2.190 
1.84 
.744 
.888 
.90 
. 232 
.699 
25.14 
5.06. 
2.737 
13.842 
a small 
amount 
of the 
Feeding Stuffs. matter. 
Protein. 
and fat. 
2 lbs. 
Alfalfa_11.04 
1.32 
5.076 
2 lbs. 
wheat bran. 1.76 
.244 
.906 
2 lbs. 
shorts .... 1.76 
.256 
1.214 
4 lbs. 
corn hearts. 3.56 
.30 
2.82 
1 lb. 
cotton-seed 
meal 
.372 
.444 
8 lbs. 
cottonseed 
hulls 
.084 
2.916 
26.16 
2.576 
13.376 
Nutritive ratio. 
If your cow is not large enough, or does 
not give milk enough to require the amount 
of feed in this formula, you can easily re¬ 
duce the quantity, keeping the proportions 
the same. c. s. g. 
Feeding for Milk and Cream. 
Will you make out a balanced ration 
from the following for milk and cream? 
Roughage, silage not very well eared, and 
Japanese millet hay. I give you a list of 
the grains sold in this vicinity and prices. 
Maine. g. c. t. 
Considering the cost of the feeding stuffs 
available in your locality I have selected 
the following combination, which contains 
practically all of the essential elements for 
a balanced ration : 
Dry Digestible Carb. 
Matter. Protein, and fat 
35 lbs. silage.7.35 .315 4.515 
10 lbs. millet hay.9.2 .45 5.16 
4 lbs. dried distillers’ 
grains .3.68 .992 2.208 
2 lbs. cotton-seed meal 1.84 .744 888 
2 lbs. cornmeal.1.78 .158 1.528 
cut cornstalks you can use them up by sub¬ 
stituting them for the mixed hay occasion¬ 
ally. The silage should be divided into two 
feeds and fed twice a day with the proper 
proportion of grain mixture after milking. 
The hay and cornstalks should always be 
fed at noon. c. s. g. 
Want of Balance. 
IIow can I use to the best advantage the 
following food stuffs iu ration for cows fed 
for producing milk ? I have on hand silage, 
dried barley grains, distillers’ grains, beet 
pulp, gluten feed and mixed hay. I would 
like to know what makes my cows hungry 
after straw. They will leave their feed and 
eat straw. I have seen them eat three 
sheaves of straw apiece and leave their 
grain. I have fed them all the grain they 
would eat all Summer. They would eat 
the straw the same on grass as they ao 
now. E. H. B. 
New York. 
You have simply been overfeeding your 
cows without giving them the various feed¬ 
ing stuffs in the proper quantities. You 
must bear in mind that the way a cow is 
fed, that is, the judgment used by the feeder 
in regard to the manner in which the feed 
is prepared and placed before the animals, 
the time of feeding, amount of feed and 
the care the cows receive, have just as 
much to do with the results obtained as 
what you feed. In the first place, cows 
must be kept comfortable. They must be 
well bedded and cared for, feeding regularly 
according to conditions and requirements. 
Plenty of fresh water and salt should be 
provided every day. I would suggest the 
following formula for a balanced ration: 
35 pounds silage, 12 pounds mixed hay, 
five pounds dried brewers’ grains or four 
pounds dried distillers’ grains, three pounds 
gluten feed, three pounds dried beet pulp. 
Grain with Home-grown Fodder. 
With hay (mixed), cornstalks (cut in z / 2 
inch lengths) and corn-and-cob meal as the 
home-grown stuff, what should be bought to 
make an economical balanced ration for 
cows? About what quantity of these vari¬ 
ous things should be fed in a day? What 
Government bulletins give understandable 
information on making up balanced rations 
for cows? b. d. p. 
Digest- 
Dry iblo Carb. 
„ . Matter. Protein. & Fat. 
12 lbs. mixed hay... 10.45 .506 5.55 
10 lbs. cut corn stover 6.00 .17 3.4 
2 lbs. corn-and-cob 
0 . 1-70 .088 1.33 
3 lbs. dried distill- 
^ °^ s ’ ! 5 r ^ ins '• •• 2 - 76 * 744 1-656 
4 lbs. dried beet pulp 3.744 .272 2.616 
3 lbs. cotton-seed 
mea l . 2.76 1.116 1.332 
23.85 2.659 14.599 
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.5. 
The above formula is intended for a cow 
weighing about 1,000 pounds and giving 12 
to 15 quarts of milk per day. The silage 
should be divided into two feeds and al¬ 
ways fed after milking, morning and even¬ 
ing. The grain is also divided into two 
feeds for morning and evening, but may be 
fed when most convenient either before or 
after milking. The millet hay is- usually 
fed at noon, all the cows will eat up fairly 
clean. In feeding cows, as with other 
classes of producing animals, it should be 
remembered that a cow must support her 
own bodily functions before any of the 
food consumed can be used for* the pro¬ 
duction of milk; therefore profit can only 
come from the extra feed which a cow 
may be induced to eat and digest over and 
above a maintenance ration. This is the 
reason that it pays to feed cows well if it 
pays to keep them at all. Good feeding, 
good breeding and good care all go together 
and one is as necessary as the other for 
the profitable production of milk. c. s. G. 
Ration for Fattening Hogs. 
I want a cheap feed for growing and 
fattening hogs. Would stale bread from 
bakeries in New York at $20 per ton, 
wet brewers’ grains and cornmeal, ground 
in our feed mill, make a good and cheap 
ration? h. h. b. 
To grow and fatten pigs profitably job 
will require a good pasture of clover, Al¬ 
falfa, barley and rape, or something of thi« 
kind, as pigs can be grown much more 
cheaply during the Summer season when 
such feed can be grown in abundance on 
the average farm. Spring pigs will there¬ 
fore be found much more profitable than 
Fall pigs unless you are unusually well 
supplied with cheap Winter feed like waste 
fruit, pumpkins and other vegetables which 
may be boiled and mixed with grain, thu» 
forming a very satisfactory ration for pig* 
of all ages. I would prefer the stale bread 
at $20 per ton rather than the wet brewer*’ 
grains unless you live very near the brewery 
and can buy the grains at an extremely low 
price. I have fed large quantities of «tale 
bread with very satisfactory results. 1 
.. . . 27.414 2.896 15.884 
Nutritive ratio, 1 :5.5. 
This ration is enough for a cow weighing 
aoout 1,100 pounds and giving 15 quarts of 
milk or more per day. If you have smaller 
cows, or if they are giving less milk, the 
amount of feed should be decreased accord- 
ingly. Of course, this formula calls for a 
rather heavy expenditure for grain, but this 
cannot bo helped as your home-grown feeds 
furnish neither succulence or protein in suf¬ 
ficient quantities, and both of these are very 
necessary in a ration for milk production. 
Do not feed any cornmeal or cotton-seed 
meal to cows -within two months of parturi¬ 
tion or during the first two weeks thereafter, 
ca,,se serious loss on account 
of their heating effects. In starting a fresh 
cow on heavy feed always begin very grad¬ 
ually and increase slowly after the cow has 
fully recovered her normal condition. The 
best buReJin I know of on balanced rations 
Ithaca, kk. ” 03 by C ° rM " ( . S , tat „ ion ' 
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[16] 
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