J9H. THE RURAL NEW-YORKER . liJ31 
AIR SPRAYERS OF MODERATE SIZE. 
The perfect spray outfit for the average suburbanite 
and small farmer is still to come. I represent, as I 
necticut. The 50 houses appear to be built with two believe, a large number of suburbanites who live ad- . - . ... . T , 
rtnpri win^iow 5 . on the south si<te T wonder if they intend • , . .. . . , , these spray outfits, wlio will see the matter as 1 do, 
open windows on tne soutn side, i wonoer u rney intenu Jacent to tbe clty on sma u piec es of ground, who , T , j u . j . i , : , 
to leave this open during the entire Winter? My hen- ,, , , . , .. ... < c and I would be glad to have such parties write a reply 
house is 8x16. I have 35 R. I. Reds. There are two would be glad to purchase, if possible, such an outht 
as I will try to describe. In the first place, I live on 
two acres of land. I have about 100 fruit trees of t h e suburbanite aid small''farmer! 
different kinds, a few from 12 to IS years old, others Kent Co Mich 
from three to five years old. When spraying time 
Replying to the above, I would answer yes; it is comes around, with any form of small sprayer now on 
proposed to leave the front windows wide open night the market, it becomes absolutely necessary to have 
THE OPEN FRONT POULTRY HOUSE. 
The Principle of Construction. 
I have been reading about the poultry contest in Con- 
full-sized windows on the south side. Would you advise 
leaving the windows out during the entire Winter? I can 
close all the other opening so there would be no draft. 
What would you advise as to the floors? P. d. 
Ferrisburg,Vt. 
sides the difference in expense would probably be 
made up in the first season’s use by the saving of the 
extra labor of the second man. I hope this article 
will meet the eye of some practical manufacturer of 
statiing whether there is any unsurmountable difficul¬ 
ties in the way of producing such an ideal sprayer for 
J. B. B. 
and day, only using the drop curtains to keep out the help of a second man; one to keep the pump go- 
DRILLING FARM WELLS. 
Farm wells in Cook and other northern Illinois coun- 
some driving snow or rainstorm. There are also slid- ing, the other to hold the nozzle. I know in many ties are in such demand that the work is being 
ing windows on the east anc west sides near the catalogues issued by makers of spray outfits, there are prosecuted in all kinds of weather, Summer and Win- 
front; these are to let in the morning and afternoon very pretty illustrations showing a man standing be- ter. It is easy to estimate that more than 8,000 wells 
sunshine. It is hard for many people to believe that side a tree pumping the machine with one hand and have been bored in Cook County in recent years, but 
the open front house is actually warmer than the holding the nozzle with the other. This looks all right they have increased still more rapidly in the last two 
closed house. I was talking last even¬ 
ing with a farmer who keeps Black 
Minorcas. These birds have very large 
combs. He had a long poultry house 
with the front nearly all glass and had 
great trouble with frozen combs. Read¬ 
ing about the open houses he took all 
the glass out, and, to use his own words, 
“did not have another frozen comb.” I 
have a house 20 feet long by 12 wide. 
I built on to the front carrying the 
same slope of roof until the front was 
three feet high, so that wire netting 
three feet wide and 20 feet long closes 
the entire front; the back is six feet 
high, and the roosts are about two feet 
higher than the eaves in front. Now 
the warm air from nearly 100 fowls 
banks up in the upper part of the house, 
and this is by far the warmest house I 
NOT ALL EGGS IN THE BASKET. Fig. 503. (See page 1245.) 
years. City wells in districts not 
reached by water systems or to rein¬ 
force a water supply have been sunk 
in great number. The average depth of 
a well is about 150 feet, and the average 
cost is somewhere near $200. The water 
easily is obtained at # much shallower 
depths, but the quality in the deeper 
holes is much better. Hundreds of wells 
of the old style are being abandoned and 
filled up. They were from four to six 
feet in diameter and from 20 to 30 feet 
deep, walled up but permitting seepage 
water and animals to get into them. The 
new wells are from four to six inches 
in diameter and cased from the rock to 
the pump. Each well is tested before 
the contractor gets his pay by pumping 
40 hours with a steam pump. The tests 
show that the average well yields a bar- 
deep; this is just wrong according to the “Tolman’ 
fresh air house, which is deeper than it is long, and 
higher in back than in front, but the poultry houses at 
have, even water on the ground only three feet from on paper, but is not practical in actual work. Now, rel a minute or about 1,500 barrels in the 24-hour 
the open front does not freeze ice of half the thick- the trouble comes in getting hold of the second man day. Water from such wells is greatly in demand on 
ness it is in any of my old tight front houses. This man’s just at the time you want him. As a rule this work the dairy farms where it may be given to the cows 
house, 8x16, is probably 16 feet long and eight feet of spraying is done by such persons as myself at early without heating. I he dairymen have found out that 
morning, in the evening and (shall I say it?) on it is an undesirable thing to allow their cows to drink 
Sunday. out of a hole in the ice-covered pond or stream, not 
The ideal spray outfit for such a small army as I to say anything about comparative quality of the two 
Cornell College are higher in front than in back, being am a member of, according to my way of thinking, sources of supply. I he well shown in the aepom- 
about seven feet in front by 4^4 feet in back, and 12 would be a so-called compressed air outfit, consisting panying picture, Fig. 502, was a record-breaker in the 
feet deep. These are open in front except about three of two small tanks combined either on a frame, which matter of time required to reach excellent water. It re¬ 
feet from the bottom, which is boarded up to prevent can be set on to a good broad-wheeled wheelbarrow, quired only six days’ drilling, was bored on one of the 
the wind blowing directly on the fowls. There is but or preferably on a two-wheeled truck, which is part of farms of James McGawn, Cook County, by J. C. 
one slope to the roof. The Tolman house has a win- the outfit as manufactured. Connected with one of Ayers, who has been sinking wells in the same neigh- 
dow on one side just in front of the roosts, and a the tanks would be a form of a good hand air-pump borhood for 18 years, and whose father was a well- 
door in the opposite side for ventilation and coolness capable of pumping the air into one of the tanks with- digger, a pioneer in such occupation throughout 
in Summer. When the window and door are closed out too great an exertion, and to such a pressure that northern Illinois. j. l. graff. 
there is no draft of air from the open front. My either all or half of the spray material which would 
be contained in the other tank could be discharged A MOTOR FOR ORCHARD WORK, 
at the nozzle before pumping more air. It is plain The great difficulty in getting a traction engine for 
neighbor has three poultry houses, the front 21 feet 
long, four feet high, closed only with wire netting. 
Last Winter he went 
into one of these houses" 
when there was a howl¬ 
ing gale of wind; inside 
all was calm and peace¬ 
ful, the pullets singing 
and scratching in the 
litter, and absolutely no 
indication of the gale, 
although the houses were 
rocking with its violence. 
The explanation is very 
simple; it is because the 
air in the house cannot 
escape; the wind blow¬ 
ing against the open 
front can only compress 
the air inside. If a door 
near the rear was opened, 
the draft through the 
house would equal the 
speed of the wind outside. 
As to board or earth floors, my preference is de- that with such an outfit one man could do the work out leaving his place. Thus one man with this tractor 
cidedly for earth; but it should be dry, and higher and would be independent in the way of having to can do the work of three teams and three men. The 
than the ground outside. My practice is to sift the chase up the extra man at such time as he might be disk harrow used with the . tractor in the peach or- 
earth so that no stones go into the house, then after needed. I could spray an hour in the morning and chard is 12 feet wide, taking a wide swath, while the 
the weekly, cleaning of the droppings boards, spread an hour in the evening with such an outfit, which plow is the pony engine four-bottom plow, and can 
some of this dry earth an inch deep on the boards to would be an impossibility as now situated, because of turn a furrow four to nine inches deep and, 14 inches,, 
absorb the wet part of the droppings. I would advise the lack of the extra man at the right moment. I wide. We have used the plow in hard land Turning 
P. D. to take the windows out of his house, tack some would suggest an outfit which would hold possibly three furrows at once, nine inches deep and 14 inches 
muslin on frames, hinge them at top so they can be from 10 to 15 gallons. Of course the air pump should wide, more easily than a team would plp'w one fur- 
hung up against the roof, and drop them to close the be provided with air pressure gauge and the whole row in the same land. We have dragged and rolled 
window openings during driving storms or in zero outfit should be made perfect, and so as to get the at the same time with the tractor, placing one. irrtple- 
desired pressure with the minimum labor at the pump, ment behind the other, thus saving horseflesh. Besides 
Even though the expense of such an outfit might field and orchard work, we have used the engine with 
many directions, and nowhere is it more beneficial be much more than the present outfits on the market, great success in filling silos, cutting stalks .and wood, 
than in the henhouse. But don’t think, because the j believe there is an armv 0 f suburbanites waiting for in grinding feed. Besides'all of., thiv one of its, 
hens enjoy an open-front house, that you can ignore . best qualities is, when not in use,-ltus not. eating any 
cracks or defective building. The hou„e must be tight J ust suc ^ a s P ra y machine, 'vyhq would be willing to 0 f the present day’s high priced feed, 
v and well built. pay the difference simply because of the handiness, be- Niagara Co., N. Y. John. c. lindsay-. 
A FARM MOTOR SUCCESSFUL IN NEW YORK ORCHARDS. Fig. 504. 
orchard work has been in 
finding one low enough 
not to interfere with the 
low trimmed peach 
trees, but after two or 
three years of investiga¬ 
tion the desired article 
has at last been found. 
The tractor in the ac- 
c o m p a n y i ng picture, 
Fig. 504, stands only 
four feet high and has 
30-horse power. It is a 
two-cylinder engine and 
is operated on the same 
principle and as easily as 
an automobile by a man 
standing on a little plat¬ 
form at the back. The 
plow or disk harrow can 
be controlled by levers 
by the same man, with- 
weather. geo. a. cosgrove. 
R. N.-Y.—The fresh air cult has taken hold in 
