1244 
M I LK 
The New York Exchange price is $2.01 
per 40-quart can,, netting 4 14 cents per 
quart to shippers in 26-cent zone who have 
no additional station charges. 
Grading the City Milk. 
The New York City Board of Health has 
ordered that after January 1 all milk sold 
in this city must be “inspected” or pas¬ 
teurized. The milk is to be graded as fol¬ 
lows : 
GRADE “A” 
For Infants and Children. 
1. Certified or guaranteed milk. 
2. Inspected milk—raw. 
From tuberculin tested herds on 
farms complying with at least 75 
per cent of department's regulations. 
• Bacteria count not over 50,000 per 
c. c. 
GRADE “B” 
For Adults. 
1. Selected milk—raw. 
Conforming to regulations for in¬ 
spected milk, but substituting phy¬ 
sical examination of herds for tu¬ 
berculin test. 
2. Pasteurized 1 —under department’s reg¬ 
ulations. 
GRADE “C” 
For Cooking and Manufacturing Purposes. 
Only in Bakeries, Hotels and Restaurants. 
(May be raw. Pasteurization not re¬ 
quired.) 
All milk not included in above grades. 
Thus all drinking milk that is not "certi¬ 
fied” or inspected by the Board of Health 
agents must be “pasteurized.” This means 
holding it for 20 minutes at a temperature 
of 150 to 1G0, then cooling it. The 
joker in this is likely to prove the fact 
that some of our “leading citizens” have 
a monopoly in the manufacture of a pas¬ 
teurizing machine. We do not believe it 
will be possible to enforce any such ordi¬ 
nance. Dealers can buy and sell "Grade 
C” milk for cooking purposes and easily 
sell it by the glass or bowl. And as the 
result of all this it is rumored that the 
milk trust will mount the retail price of 
milk to 10 cents a quart—while paying 
producers less than last year! 
Massachusetts Milk Matters. 
It seems a shame that the farmers can¬ 
not work and stick together for their own 
mutual advantage, especially on the milk 
question, but it seems impossible for them 
to. do so except to a limited extent. Jeal¬ 
ousy that our neighbor will succeed better 
than we, get a cent a can more for his milk 
or make a can more than we or some 
other equally small matter seems to make 
one willing to pull the other down on all 
occasions. It is this state of affairs which 
the contractors have always taken advan¬ 
tage of, and thus kept us where we are, 
obliged to take to a large extent just what 
they offer. Just as long as this state of 
affairs prevails there is not much hope of 
better prices, and this fact cannot be too 
strongly put before the dairy owners of 
New England. It was stated to me re¬ 
cently by a person who was in New Hamp¬ 
shire at the time of the milk strike a year 
ago last May that certain Boston con¬ 
tractors made special contracts at special 
prices with men who were willing to send 
their milk rather than keep it at home, and 
thus assist the B. C. M. I’. U. to obtain 
the prices for which they had asked. By 
thus obtaining a small amount of milk 
in each section it was possible to keep the 
local car running. In this section the con¬ 
tractors obtained small amounts, but as 
far as I know did not pay any extra for 
them. However, their main object was to 
have the cars run and not have to stop 
them entirely because of nothing to carry. 
One man in this section at that time car¬ 
ried his milk every other night in May and 
June and the board of health never made 
any kick about it. Now they threaten to 
refuse milk over so many hours old. Some 
of the contractors claim to deliver morn¬ 
ing’s milk after nine in the morning. Cer¬ 
tain Boston residents are trying to have 
the early morning deliveries done away 
with, partly on account of the noise waking 
them up and partly because they think if 
they can have it delivered about nine or 
after they will obtain fresher milk than 
they do by the present early deliveries; 
these are from two until six a. m., which 
is mostly the custom at present time. 
Now we know that it is practically impos¬ 
sible for any large contractor who gets his 
milk over the railroad to deliver it any¬ 
where near nine o'clock, as much of the 
milk is not loaded on the car in the coun¬ 
try until that hour or near it. It takes an 
hour to make the run to Boston; then it 
has to be unloaded and bottled and again 
loaded on the delivery teams; thus you 
can see what chance a person has to ob¬ 
tain morning milk at nine o’clock in the 
morning. This is nearby milk, 20 to 40 
miles from the city. Of course farther 
away milk takes longer or has to be started 
before the cows are milked in the morning. 
Another thing; few contractors are likely 
to deliver morning milk until the older sup¬ 
ply on hand has been disposed of, except 
in a few special cases. Another point, the 
matter of fixing milk prices. The con¬ 
tractors seem to have the right to fix prices 
at both ends. They can buy out, drive out 
or freeze out the smaller dealers one after 
another, and this has been their policy, 
until they control a large section. Further, 
they can then still keep at the same game, 
getting control of more and more territory, 
until they are able to fix any price they 
wish at the retail end. Then they also 
fix the price to a large extent at receiving 
or country end. When the farmers com¬ 
bine and fix or ask a reasonable price their 
agent in the matter is indicted by the grand 
jury. We would ask why if the contractors 
have a right to fix the retail price in the 
city why have not the farmers in the 
country an equal right to fix a reasonable 
price on their product? A monopoly or 
combine is certainly stronger when owned 
or controlled by one man or a few men, 
and much more dangerous than the 
combine that consists of many men as the 
farmers combine must if such a thing exists. 
It is well, in fact, necessary, for all inter- 
T3H0 RURAh NEW-YORKER 
ested m milk production to be on the alert, 
as the Legislature will soon be convened 
m this State, and legislation unfavorable 
to our interests will be passed if we do 
not use our influence for all we are worth. 
The Ellis bill will again be brought up, 
and likely other matters along this line. 
We can simply try our best to see that 
whatever goes through is reasonable and 
fair to both parties and will not put us out 
of business. A . P< 
Massachusetts. 
Holstein Breeders Meet. 
As has been stated in The R. N.-Y., there 
are in Madison and Chenango Co., N. Y., 
more Holstein cattle to the square mile 
than in any other territory in the world 
outside of Holland. There is a strong 
Breeders’ Club representing this section and 
a meeting was held November 23. about 70 
members being present. Hereafter breeders 
from Oneida and Otsego Counties may be¬ 
come members of the club. Senator R. 
W. Thomas started a discussion as to laws 
for regulating tuberculosis. It was voted 
as being the sense of this meeting that a 
cow should not be finally condemned until 
after a second test, when if she did not 
react, she should be re-tested in one year, 
and if she again failed to react, she should 
not be considered a tuberculous animal and 
should not be condemned. 
A motion was carried that this club 
favor the examination of milk for tubercu¬ 
losis germs as a means of locating tubercu¬ 
lous cows; also a motion prevailed that 
the club ask their Senator to use his influ¬ 
ence against city boards of health requiring 
tuberculin test of all animals furnishing 
milk for their cities. It was also moved 
and carried that the club heartily endorses 
the bill introduced by Senator R. W T . 
Thomas in the last Legislature, compelling 
all buyers of milk and cream to give a bond 
for the fulfillment of their contracts. An¬ 
other motion was duly carried that they 
ask their Senator to use his influence in the 
Legislature to the end that the State should 
pay full appraisal value of an animal when 
condemned after reacting to the tuberculin 
test. A motion that the club favors a law 
compelling commission merchants to keep 
accurate accounts of all business done by 
them, also to give bonds for the faithful 
performance of their duties, was moved and 
carried. o. s. lang worthy. 
Price of Cream. 
W T hen four per cent milk sells at four 
cents per quart, what would be a fair 
price for cream separated from this milk? 
J. G. 
You do not state the fat percentage of 
the cream, which I should suppose to be 
about 20 per cent. In any case, you can 
work it out for yourself after the same 
method as for 20 per cent cream, which 
is as follows. The fat percentage is of 
course what we base the value of the milk 
or cream on. Now in either 100 pounds 
of milk or 20 pounds of cream we have 
four pounds of fat. Again, in 100 pounds 
of milk there are 40.4 quarts which at four 
cents a quart are worth $1.86. One pound 
of milk would then sell for $.0186 but as 
we have seen one pound of cream is worth 
five pounds of milk or in cash $.093. 
Further one quart of 20 per cent cream 
weighs about two pounds and would be 
worth two times $.093 or $.186. The pro¬ 
ducer ought not to sell it for less than 19 
cents, but if he can get for a gallon of 
skim-milk three cents in cash or in feeding 
value he might be justified in taking a cent 
or two less, which, however, makes no 
allowance for the cost of separating. Tak¬ 
ing this last item into consideration I 
would consider 20 cents a quart nearer 
right for such cream. r. b. 
The authorities at Montclair, N. J„ have 
just closed a long battle with the Borden 
Milk Company. The Board of Health of 
Montclair decreed that no milk was to be 
sold in that town except from cows which 
had been tested with tuberculin and found 
free from disease. On the passage of this 
rule several milk dealers went out of busi¬ 
ness rather than comply with this demand. 
A number of others qualified. The Borden 
Company obtained an injunction restraining 
the town of Montclair from operating this 
ordinance. The case went as far as the 
Court of Errors and Appeals, which de¬ 
cided in favor of the town. The Borden 
Company was expected to carry the case 
to the United States Supreme Court. This 
plan has been abandoned, and the Borden 
Company has submitted to the ordinance 
and sells only milk from tested cattle. It 
is said that the Bordens obtained the milk 
which they sell in Montclair from Chenango 
County, New York, gathering it from a 
number of different herds, so that it will 
be difficult for them to carry out the plan 
fully. It is said that Montclair has spent 
several thousand dollars on the case, while 
the cost to the Bordens was even greater. 
Cows are selling from $20 to $40 for 
strippers, $30 to $50 for fresh cows. Hogs, 
7 V<i to eight cents for dressed, and five 
cents on foot. Horses are low, $140 to 
$150 for the best, from $150 down to $30. 
People sold all the stock they could last 
Fall on account of drought, and feed is 
very scarce in Gallia Co., but we had 
good Fall pasture, which helps the far¬ 
mers out wonderfully. Hay is $20 to $23 
per ton, not very much to sell. Wheat, 
$1 per bushel. Corn, 65 to 70 cents per 
bushel; oats, 50 cents. Potatoes, 40 cents 
a peck or $1.50 per bushel retail. The 
wholesale houses charge $1.10 per bushel 
for potatoes. Turnips. 50 cents per bushel. 
Turkeys. 13 cents per pound; chickens, 
seven cents per pound. Butter, 20 cents per 
pound. Eggs, 32 cents per dozen. 
Gallia Co., Ohio. t. g. s. 
We are now getting the present prices 
here quoted : Good milch cows, $50; 
oxen from $150 to $250 per pair. Horses, 
good working teams, from $400 to 
$600. Hay sells from $8 to $12 per 
ton; cornmeal, $1.80 per bag; potatoes, 
$1.25 per bushel, and scarce at that. Silage, 
$6 per ton. Manure. $3 per cart. Apples, 
$1.50 to $2 per barrel; flour, $6 per barrel ; 
butter, 30 cents per pound; cheese, 18 
cents; eggs, 40 cents a dozen; hogs, live, 
five cents per pound, dressed, seven cents; 
poultry, live, eight to 12 cents; dressed, 14 
to 18 cents. Milk, five and six cents per 
quart. a. r. w. 
Bridgewater, Vt. 
Selling Bogus Butter. 
A reader would like to know what can 
be done concerning the sale of artificial 
butter. Food is high here. A great many 
people bring their butter to the market 
mixed with other fat. Some of the store¬ 
keepers think we ought not to complain. 
If there is a law to prevent them from 
deceiving the people, we would like to know 
how to act. e. 11 . 
Kent Co., Del. 
On application to the Department of 
Agriculture we received the following: 
From the legal standpoint the addition 
of foreign fat to butter constitutes the 
manufacture of oleomargarine and therefore 
comes under the regulations of the Bureau 
of Internal Revenue. So far as we know 
there have been no prosecutions of farm¬ 
ers making small amounts of butter under 
this law, but the manufacture of butter 
containing such foreign fats, -without first 
obta’ning proper license is clearly a viola¬ 
tion of the law. w. m. hays. 
Acting Secretary. 
Get your facts in shape with names 
and, if possible, samples and submit 
them to the Internal Revenue Commis¬ 
sioner, Washington. 
A Question in Hog Raising. 
If one had a thousand bushels of good 
fair corn, or a thousand bushels of grain, 
part corn, part barley, etc., with sufllcient 
pasture or grazing, and some rough stuff 
and farm waste, how many hogs would 
he safely undertake to “round out” for 
market to average 300 pounds each? How 
many to average 200 pounds each ? How 
much fair clover or other pasture would 
such numbers of hogs require—that is, what 
acreage? What is the approximate cost 
of raising a bushel of corn in New York 
State—under average conditions? 
Mason Co., Wash. r. s. d. 
Experiments that we have made here 
show that pigs well bred, carefully fed 
and well cared for will make one pound 
of gain from three to 3% pounds of dry 
matter in their feed, and pigs from weaning 
time to a weight of 200 or 300 pounds 
will gain from 1^4 to iVz pound per day 
each. From this data you enquirer can 
make an estimate of how much pork 1,000 
bushels of grain would produce. 
Cornell University. h. h. king. 
Extensive hog feeders claim that 100 to 
125 100-pound hogs may be made to weigh 
300 pounds on abundant clover pasture 
and 1,000 bushels of grain, and about twice 
that number finished to weigh 200 pounds. 
Ten hogs to the acre or more on extra 
good pasture is a fair estimate for pas¬ 
turage. To make one pound of gain on 
clover or Alfalfa requires four pounds of 
grain, while it would require six pounds of 
grain alone. These figures are conserva¬ 
tive, and the pigs are assumed to be thrifty 
and healthy. w. e. duckwall. 
Ohio. 
One should be able to give a fairly ap¬ 
proximate answer to this question, on the 
basis of much experimental feeding. The 
results of experiments at various stations 
widely separated over the country show 
that 450 to 600 pounds of corn are re¬ 
quired for 100 pounds gain live weight, 
with slightly over 500 as the average. In 
good feeding, where corn is not entirely 
relied on, and the pigs are started after 
weaning, one should do much better, and 
produce 100 pounds gain on less than 500 
pounds of grain, coming close to 400. At 
the Indiana Station the writer has pro¬ 
duced 100 pounds of pork from loss than 
400 pounds of grain and Prof. Skinner of 
that Station has produced 100 pounds of 
gain from as low as 311 pounds of feed. 
If these hogs are fed on good clover or 
other pasture, of course this reduces the 
cost. At the Alabama Station, where only 
corn was fed, it required 456 pounds of 
grain for 100 pounds of gain, while where 
the pigs ran on Soy bean pasture only 157 
pounds of corn were needed. In this trial 
one acre of poor Soy bean pasture was 
equal to 1.068 pounds of corn. Red clover 
will not give quite as good return as Soy 
beans, but should be very comparable. Just 
pasture alone will not yield as profitable 
returns as using a light grain feed in con¬ 
nection with the pasture. The number of 
hogs to the acre depends entirely on the 
size and whether they are fed additional 
grain or not. At 300 pounds weight, feed 
some grain with the clover. I should esti¬ 
mate about six head. Yet such figures are 
very misleading, much dpending on the 
feeder, the kind of hogs being fed, the cli¬ 
matic condition while the clover is grow¬ 
ing, etc. The only fair basis of estimate is 
on the amount of grain that will make 100 
pounds of gain live weight. The approxi¬ 
mate cost of raising a bushel of corn in 
New York State I do not know. 
Ohio. [Prof.] c. s. plumb. 
Where corn alone is fed to hogs, it is 
usually assumed that it requires 10 bushels 
of corn to make 100 pounds of pork if fed 
as straight grain ration. If the grains are 
mixed, consisting of corn and barley fed 
on clover or other leguminous forage crops, 
it might be possible to produce 15 pounds 
of pork from each bushel of corn fed or 
150 pounds for 10 bushels. At this rate, 
it would require from 50 to 50 hogs weigh¬ 
ing 300 pounds each to consume 1,000 
bushels of corn. If the hogs were made 
ready for sale at 200 pounds each instead 
of 300. then it would require from 60 to 
75 hogs to properly utilize 1.000 bushels 
of grain. The amount of pasture or the 
number of hogs per acre would be deter¬ 
mined largely by the method of feeding. If 
the hogs were given a full feed of grain, 
they could be fed at the rate of 20 to 25 
head per acre. If the purpose was to 
utilize pasture for the most of the feed 
with only a limited amount of grain, then 
it would not be proper to stock the pasture 
with more than 15 individuals per acre. 
Penna. Agri. College. w. a. coohel. 
Professor of Animal Husbandry. 
December 30, 
When you write advertisers mention Thp, 
R. N.-Y'. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
LET US TAN 
YOUR HIDE. 
Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dor, Deer, 
or any kind of skin with hair or far on. 
We make them soft, light, odorless, 
wind, moth and water proof, and make 
them into coats (for men or women), 
robes, rugs or [Roves when so ordered. 
Your fur goods will cost you less than 
to buy them, and be worth more. It 
will certainly pay you to look into it. 
Our illustrated catalog gives a lot of 
information. Tells how to take off and 
care for hides; how we pay the freight 
both ways ; about our marvelous brush 
dyeing process which is a tremendous 
advantage to the customer, especially 
on horse hides and calf skins; about 
the goods we sell, taxidermy, etc., but 
we never send out this valuable book 
except upon request. If you want a 
copy send in your correct address. 
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company, 
571 Lyell Ave„ Rochester, N. Y. 
I Raw Furs Wanted 
Skunk, Mink, Raccoon, Opossum, Fox, Muskrat and 
other furs are bringing high prices in New York, the 
best market for you to ship to. Do you want to know 
11 How to Got Moro Money tor Your Raw Furs ? ” 
Write for •• Monjo’s Hunter and Trapper” and price 
st—it’s free. Highest commercial references, 
F. H. MONJO, 156 W. 25th St., N. Y. 
I 
I 
RAW FURS 
G. I. FOX. 162 
W. 26th Street. 
N.Y. A square 
deal, liberal as 
sortment, top 
prices. Write 
for price list. 
Ship 1 
your 
FURS 
To McMILLAN FUR & WOOL CO. 
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
Old Reliable (35 yra.) and LartreBt Dealers in the Northwest. 
Pay High Prices. Quick Returns. Satisfaction. 
Proo I Circulars to anyone Interested in Raw Furs. 
I ICC • Trappers Guide to those who ship to us 
0 '. 
FREE! 
>Gun is 
cowboy Watch Fob 
'///reproduction of a Colt six-shooter-2 
■ inches long, holster 21-2 inches. It's 
i* the niftiest leather fob ever gotten up, 
111 send you one Free now with your first 
subscription to our splendid big farm 
paper Profitable Farming. Price (inU. S.) 
26 c a year. Just send 26c. stamps or coin, 
and I’ll mail fob and first paper prepaid 
right bock. You’ll be delighted with both. I 
F.J. WRIGHT, EDITOR, BOX 63, ST. JOSEPH, MO. 
Ask about our 
Special January 
Discount 
/ 
z 
Finely Ground—Easy to 
Handle—Needs no Slak¬ 
ing—Ready to Drill. . . 
WHY pay $25 per 
ton for fertilizers 
when by using 
lime you can lib¬ 
erate the natural 
phosphates, ni¬ 
trates and potash 
locked up in the 
soil. 
WHY not) raise 
Alfalfa by using 
lime and cut down 
your grain ration 
one-third. 
WHY not sweeten 
your sour soils and increase the yield of 
grain,cabbages, beets,closer and Timothy. 
Send for circulars, samples and prices 
THE SOLVAY PROCESS CO., Syracuse, New York 
LIME 
1A/E SELL GOOD FARMS in Oceana, greatest fruit Co. 
in U. S.; also grain, potatoes, alfalfa, dairying. 
Write for list, etc. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich. 
IKH pormo FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile 
10 U IQIIIIu Delaware Valley. New catalogue 
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa. 
HUDSON VALLEY FARMS/Ir// 
erties in the Hudson River Valley for sale. Prices 
less than buildings are worth. Write for informa¬ 
tion. RURAL LIFE CO., Kindekhook, N. Y. 
A BEAUTIFUL FARM 
ing and trucking section in the world; fertile soil 
and fine climate; also a beautiful water front farm 
with timber. For full particulars address Samuel 
P. Woodcock, Salisbury, Wicomico County, Md. 
ri Oil I n I Yoti can buy your winter liomesite 
LI if I LI A at Allandale, Port Orange, on fa- 
1 mous East Coast, and build your 
UfUilFQITCQ home for less than the cost of 
it U lYl C01 I LO wintering at a Florida hotel. 
Fishing, boating, finest automobile racecourse on 
cean beach. Write for the Allandale booklet. 
THE ALLANDALE COMPANY, Daytona, Florida 
FOR QAI F— Great sacrifice of farm, stock and 
run tools. Must go at once to Settle 
estate. 164 acres, eight room house, two basement 
barns, 50 by 100 and 56 by 40, large silo, wagon house, 
tool house, shop, windmill, fruit, 25 fine cows, pair 
horses, harnesses, two wagons, sleds, corn harvest¬ 
er, mower, reaper, rake, cultivators, plows, roller, 
grain drill, forks, shovels, hay, straw, ensilage 
enough to winter stock. Two miles from railroad 
station. All for $6,000; $4,000 cash. Make us an 
offer, It must be sold. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, 
OweGO, Tioga County, New York. 
CHOICE VIRGINIA FARMS 
C.&O. Ry—Us Low Us $15.00 Per Acre 
Fertile 10 acre (adjoining) tracts of land, suitable for poultry, truck and fruit, near Railway 
station, only $275. 20 acres for $500. "Country Life in Virginia” booklet of 134 pages gives 
full description of broad tracts for alfalfa, corn, and other grains and grasses. Abundant rainfall— 
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K. T. CRAWLEY, Industrial Agent, Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, Richmond, Va. Box A. T. 
