biology, (n, d, viii—x: E: F, i—iv.) Echin. 47 
d. Instruction:—Text-book; Masterman (203): Shipley & Mac- 
Bride (280): Pocta (244): Jordan (166): Newbigin (221). 
ii. Economics:—Suggested trepang fishery in West Indies (p. 134), 
the sea-egg industry of Barbados, annual value £4000, recent decrease 
in numbers of the Ecli. species fished, viz. Hipponoe esculenta and 
Echinometra subangularis, proposed remedies (pp. 125, 134, 140, 144, 
156); Duerden (99).—Methods of destroying starfish for protection 
of oyster and clam beds, suggested carting away of seaweed early in 
July; Mead (207) pp. 215, 224. 
iii. Bibliography :—Appendix to Bibliography of Oph. (p. 899), biblio¬ 
graphy of recent Ech. (p. 971); ELymann (146). — Review of recent 
work; Ludwig (195).—Literature of Regeneration in Echinoderms; 
Dawydoff (84) p. 232.— Ech. figd. in de RoziMe “ Descr. de l’Egypte 
Hist. Nat., Mineralogie 33 [1812/] and Cailliaud “Voyage a Meroe” 
[1827] determined, see under Clypeaster , Cassidulus , Conoclypeus , 
Echinolampas, Pericosmus ; Fourtau (118).—List of scientific writings: 
by himself, with abstracts and comments, those relating to Echino¬ 
derms are on pp. 41, 46, 121, 123, 124, 136, 140 (figg. 23, 24), 171, 187, 
210, 253, 269, 273, 275, 287, 288 (fig. 43, new, & fig. 44); Giard (131): 
by W. P. Sladen; Cash (56): by E. Billings; Ami (9): ditto, complete 
and annotated; Walker (316). 
iv. Historical, Popular notions, See.: —History of Echinoderm 
palaeontology, with critical appreciations, as interpreted by M. M. 
Ogilvie-Gordon ; Zittel (337) pp. 129, 130, 392-396.—Eighteenth 
century dredgings of Echinoderms from deep-sea; Seeliger (275) 
p. 30.—History of research on Echinoderms in Austria; Graff (136). 
—History of opinion and scientific discovery concerning recent Ech. ; 
Hamann (146) p. 1002. 
W. H. Barris 3 work on American Palaeozoic Crin. ; Preston (246) 
p. 360.—Obituary notices: Liitken (p. 45); Sladen (p. 48); Linnean 
Society (187): Cash (56). 
Diadema setosum called ‘ Abou Chokah 3 by Red Sea fishermen; 
Fourtau (117) p. 540.—“Chelloul 33 (see Zool. Rec. 1898, ii, e, iv) is 
corruption of English “ shellin Arabic plural form; Blanckenhorn 
(30) p. 90.— Metacr. rotundus called ‘ Bird’s leg ’ by Misaki fishermen; 
Ijima (160) p. 26. 
Fossil Ech. “in grosser Zahl als Devotionalien an Grabern von 
Heiligen 33 ; Schaffer (274) p. 54. 
(F.) AUXOLOGY. 
i. General Principles:—Recapitulation in Antedon and Palaeozoic 
Ech. ; Smith (288) p. 423. 
ii. General Accounts:—Vacant. 
iii. Formation of Gonads:—Oogenesis and spermatogenesis in Meso- 
thuria, develojiment of genital basis and genital tubules, and $ in 
successive bundles, from the germinal cord; Theel (298).—Maturation 
of ovum in Strongylocentrotus and A sterias ; Delage (90). 
iv. Oviposition, Fertilisation, and Segmentation :—Matu¬ 
rity of Hoi, delayed by cold; Rawitz (256) p. 455.—Breeding period 
of Asterias in Narragansett Bay; Mead (207) p. 209. — Pairing of Ast. 
and Oph., in particular Ophiocampsis pellicula ; Alcock (3) p. 48. — 
? Sexual congress in Astrophyton ; Bell (25). 
Fertilisation and its effects: in Strongylocentrotus and Asterias ; 
Delage (90): different spp. react differently, e.g. Echinus and Arbacia ; 
Dungern (100).—Autofecundation by a ^ Sphaerechinus granidaris ; 
