BIOLOGY, (il, F, viii.) DISTRIBUTION, (ill, A, i—iii.) Echin. 51 
Theel, Pfefter, & Murray (p. 256); Theel (297).—Bipolar theory 
absolutely unsupported by Echinoderms, see hi, a, vi ; Koehler 
(172). 
ii. Atlantic Ocean and adjacent SeasGeneral,—List of 
Echinoderms in Norman Coll.; Norman (226). 
Scandinavia :—Christiania fjord, Lasiaster sp.; Ostergren (231). 
German Coasts :—Kieler Bucht, distribution of Ast .: Buerkel (48) 
p. 26 and tables. 
British Coasts :—Clyde sea area, list of Echinoderms with depths and 
localities ; Todd (302).—English Channel, Hampshire coast, com¬ 
piled list of Ast., Opli., Ech., Hoi.-, Garstang (126). 
French Coasts :—Echinus esculentus off Portel, rarer than in Brittany; 
Giard (130).—St. Vaast-la-Hougue : variations in abundance ol 
Synapta inhaerens, Asterina gibbosa , and Antedon rosacea (p. 81) ol 
Asteracanthion rubens (p. 103); Fauvel (108) : abundant Opliio- 
thrix frag ills, Echinus miliaris, and Ophiocnida brachiata, reappear¬ 
ance of Asterina gibbosa, no Antedon ; Fauvel (109).—Fosse de 
Hague, 63-109 metres, contains purely litoral fauna, spp. of Gri- 
brella, Solaster, Psammechinus ; Gadeau de Kerville (124). 
Mediterranean :—Spain, coast of Gerona, fauna of sands, spp. of 
Stichopus, Echinus, Brissopsis, Spatangus, Dorocidaris, Luidia, 
Palmipes, Ophioglypha, Antedon , fauna of mud, Stichopus , Astro- 
pecten, Heliactis, Ophioglypha, Ophiotlirix, Antedon ; Pruvot (248) 
pp. 38-41.—G. of Trieste, Auricularia and Opliiopluteus ; Cori & 
Steuer (72) p. 112. 
American Coast:—N. from Mexico, within 100 fins., revised list of Hoi., 
with locc. outside the area also quoted, Synapta, Chiridota, Myrio- 
trochus, Eupyrgus, Trochostoma. Caudina, Psolus, Cucumaria, 
Thyone, Orcula, Thyonidium, Muelleria, Stichopus, Holothuria ; 
Clark (65).—Battle Harbour, Labrador, Strongylocentrotus, Asterias 
polaris, Ophiopholis aculeata ; Rankin (252).—Coast of Canada, 
annotated list, with depths and habitat, partly based on writer’s 
own dredgings : Antedon, Pentacta, Psolus, Lophothuria, Thyone, 
Thyonidium, Orcida, Eupyrgus, Trochostoma, Caudina, Chirodota, 
Myriotrochus, Pontaster, Pseudarchaster, Gtenodiscus, Leptoptychaster, 
Psilaster, Tosia, Hippasteria, Tremaster, Solaster, Crossaster, Lo- 
phaster, P ter aster, Cribrella, Pedicellaster, Stichaster, Asterias, 
Leptasterias, Odinia, Ophioglypha , Amphiura, Amphipholis, Ophio¬ 
pholis, Ophiacantlia, Ophiolebes, Ophioscolex, Gorgonocephalus, As- 
tronyx, Strongylocentrotus, Echinarachnius, Schizaster ; Whiteaves 
( 320).—Narragansett Bay, distrib. of Asterias (p. 204), power of 
migration (p. 205); Mead (207).—W. Indies, Porto Rico, annotated 
list of spp. of Echinocucumis, Stichopus, Holothuria, Synapta, 
Cidaris, Dorocidaris, Asthenosoma, Diadema, Echinometra, Toxo- 
pneustes, Hipponoe, Echinanthus, Mellita, Brissopsis, Palaeopneustes, 
Astropecten, Luidia, Zoroaster, Pentaceros, Asterina, Ophidiaster, 
Linckia, Echinaster, Opliiura, Ophiolepis, Ophiozona, Ophiothyreus, 
Ophioglypha, Ophiomusium, Ophiothrix, Ophiocoma, Ophiopsila, 
Ophiactis, Amphiura, Amphipholis, Amphiodia, Amphioplus, Ophio- 
nereis, Ophiostigma, Ophiacantlia, Opliialcaea, Ophiopristis, Ophio- 
plinthaca, Ophioscolex, Oplnomyxa, Astroporpa, Astroschema, Ante¬ 
don, Actinometra ; Clark (66).—Bermuda, corrected list of Echino¬ 
derms, see esp. Cucumaria, Holothuria, Stichopus, Synapta, Chiridota, 
Luidia, Asterina, Linckia, Asterias, Ophiactis, Ophiocoma, Ophio- 
myxa ; Clark (64). 
iii. Indian Ocean and adjacent Seas :—Lists of Ast., Oph., Ech., 
and Hoi. dredged in over 100 fathoms, and comparison with AY. 
