DISTRIBUTION, (ill, a, iii—vi : b, i—ii.) Echin. 53 
vi. Antarctic Ocean and adjacent Seas: —Antarctic and sub- 
Antarctic abysmal Ast., Oph., Ech., Crin., Hoi., list based apparently 
on Challenger Report, with no reference to more recent work; 
Shipley (279).—Antarctic and sub-Antarctic litoral Hoi., Ecfi., 
Ast., Oph., Crin., general discussion of genera (pp. 479-482), distrib. 
of genera and spp. (pp. 562-566); Pfeffer (241).—Kerguelen Id., 
summary of Hoi., Ech., Ast., Oph., compiled from Studer, ‘Chal¬ 
lenger,’ Transit of Venus expeditions, &c.; Thompson (300) pp. 279 
-283.—S. Georgia, list of Hoi. after Lampert, of Ech. after Pfeffer, 
of Ast. and Oph. after Studer; Pfeffer (241).—Collections of 
‘Belgica’ betw. lat. 69' 59' and 71° 18' S. and long. 80° 54' and 
102° 15' W.: Gomoddaris, Porocidaris, Sterechinus, Amphipneustes, 
Hemiaster, Ophioglypha, Ophiocten, Opliiomastus, Ophiopyrgus, Ophio- 
pyren, Amphiura, Opliiocamax, Ophiacantha : no resemblance to 
Arctic fauna and not much to sub-Antarctic; Koehler (172).— 
Antarctic, Hoi. collected by ‘ Belgica Chirodota, Trochostoma, 
Cucumana, n. spp. of Psolus, Cucumaria, Peniagone, Rhipidothuria 
n. g., and Mesothuria ; Herouard (150). 
B. GEOLOGICAL. 
(i) General. 
General account of fossil Echinoderms with special reference to 
Bohemia, figures from Steinmann and Doederlein, also after 
Barrande, and some new; Pocta (244) pp. 143-201, 620.—General 
sketch of palaeontology of Oph. ; Hamann (146) p. 894.—Distri¬ 
bution of “Tessellate” Crin., especially in France; Fritel (122) 
pp. 271, 272. 
(ii) Cainozoic. 
a. General: —Tertiary of Achalzich, Caucasus, Hemiaster-, Lebedev 
(185) p. 61. 
b. Pleistocene : —Near Christiania, Ophiura, Echinus-, Bj0rlykke (29) 
p. 79.— Yoldia clay near Christiania, Echinus, Echinocyamus (p. 14), 
near Trondhjem, Echinus (p. 127); Area clay of Norway, Ophiura, 
Ctenodiscus, Tripylus (p. 157); post-glacial Tapes beds near Christiania, 
Echinus, Echinocyamus (p. 437); Isocardia clay S. of Fallaksp, Tripylus 
or Amphidetus (p. 477); lower Tapes beds, Trosvik and Smedholm, 
Echinus, Echinocyamus, Brissopsis (p. 520), at Kalstadkjeru, Echinus , 
Echinocyamus, a Spatangid (p. 531); Area clay, Solberg, Tripylus 
(p. 641): Br0GGER (46).—Post-glacial-drift beds of Clyde drainage 
area, Ophiopholis, Ophiura, Strongylocentrotus, Echinus, Echinocyamus, 
Echinocardium, Psolus-, Smith et al. (287) p. 533.—Boring at Midden - 
Beemster, Holland, Echinocardium, Echinocyamus ; Lorie (191) p. 22. 
S. Paolo near Etna, Strongyloceritrotus , Echinocyamus, Schizaster (p. 2), 
Catira near Catania, Brissus, Schizaster, Echinocyamus (pp. 6, 7, 9); 
Scalia (272).—Postpliocene sands at Cape Milazzo, Sicily, Echinus, 
Echinocyamus ; De Stefano (85) p. 10. 
G. of Akaba, Echinus verrucidatus, a Mauritian sp. associated with 
Pecten vasseli and Chamys latissima-, Hume (156) p. 203.—Gravels 
and reef limestones, G. of Akabah and E. Sinai, Laganum, Hetero- 
centrotus, Echinus, Echinometra \ Hume (157) pp. 22, 31, 34, and 
(158) pp. 914, 920, 922.—Raised beaches, Red Sea, Echinometra, 
Phyllacanthus, Laganum, Heterocentrotus, Brissus, Clypeaster ; 
Barron & Hume (13) pp. 871, 872.—German E. Africa, Clypeaster, 
Cidaris, Schizaster, Salmacis; Werth (319) pp. 290, 292, 300. 
