DISTRIBUTION. (ill, B, ii, iii.) 
Echin. 55 
e. Oligocene :—Antigua, Diplothecanthus, Echinanthus ; Gregory (143) 
p. 295.—Russell Spring, Georgia, Echinocyamus et alii; Vaughan 
( 309) p. 874. 
Middle:—Rupelthon, Offenbach, Schizaster; Zinndorf (336) p. 123. 
—Tongrian of Piedmont and Liguria, Cidaris, Echinocyamus, Clype- 
aster, Scutella, Ampkiope, Echinanthus, Echinolarnpas, Brissus , 
Linthia, Schizaster, Pericosmus, Macropneustes, Euspatangus ; Air- 
aghi (1). — Stampian, — Calcaire k Asteries, S. E. of La Reole 
(Gironde), Scutella, Crenaster ; Repelin (260) p. 51 : Bordeaux, 
Crenaster , Scutella, Echinolarnpas, Echinocyamus , Amphiope\ Fallot 
( 106) pp. 3, 4, 19. 
Lower:—Marne a Spondylus de Kiew, Poltawa, et Tschernigow, 
Cidaris 3 spp.; Toutkowski (306) p. 19. 
f. Eocene :—British Ac/o, Ast ., Ojd/l, Crin., historical specimens; 
■ Allen (5) p. 199.—Friuli, Brissopsis (p. 184) ; Istria, Pentacr ., 
Cidaris, Cyphosoma, Echinocyamus, Pericosmus ; of Herzegovina, 
Micropsis, Echinolarnpas, Macropneustes (pp. 227-230); Ajka, Bakony, 
Schizaster, Hemiaster, Cyphosoma (pp. 165-168); Guttaring in Carinthia, 
Conoclypeus, Ilarionia, Echinolarnpas, Linthia (pp. 148, 149): Oppen- 
heim (229). 
Upper:—Near Blaye, Sismondia, Echinopsis, Echinolarnpas', Fallot 
( 106) p. 6.—Nummulitic, Dshulfi, Eupatagus, Schizaster, Conoclypeus ; 
Araxes valley, Periaster, Cidaris ; Lebedev (185) pp. 100, 101.— 
Ludian near Biarritz, Cidaris, Scutella, Echinolarnpas, Eupatagus, 
Hemiaster, Schizaster, Hemipatagus ; Carez (55) p. 12.—Lower 
Bartonian, Calcari di Gassino e di Caviggione, Piedmont and 
Liguria, Cidaris, Rhahdocidaris, Psammechinus, Sismondia, Runa, 
Echinanthus, Echinolarnpas, Crater olampas, Rovasendia, Prenaster ; 
Airaghi (1).—Bartonian near Biarritz, Psammechinus, Micropsis, 
Cyphosoma, Echinopsis, Coelopleurus, Porocidaris, Cidaris, Salenia, 
Echinocyamus, Sismondia, Echinanthus, Pygorhynchus, Echino- 
lampas, Amblypygus, Iiemiaster, Periaster, Schizaster, Prenaster, 
Macropneustes, Brissopatagus, Eupatagus ; Carez (55) p. 12. 
Middle:—Egypt, n. spp. of Rhahdocidaris, Coptosoma, Sismondia, 
Brissopsis, types in Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; Fourtau (119).—Between 
Kachan and Ispahan, Persia, Conoclypus, Echinolarnpas (p. 442); 
Sewankouh, Persia, Schizaster, Ditremaster, Pericosmus, Linthia, 
Brissopsis, Euspatangus (p. 445); Douville (96). 
Lower:—Haute-Garonne, Echinanthus spp., Conoclypus, Oriolampas-, 
Carez (55) p. 19.—Egypt, n. spp. of Orthechinus, Schizaster, and a 
Macropneustes'l, types in Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; Fourtau (119).— 
London clay of Fehmarn and Jutland, Pentacr., fide Gottsche 
& Ravn ; Stolley (292).—Lutetian, Calcaire Grossier de Blaye, 
Sismondia, Praescutella, Euspatagus, Linthia, Echinolarnpas; 
Fallot (106) p. 7.—Montian near Beffroi de Mons, Belgium 
Pentacr ., Pentagonaster ; Cornet (73) p. 253. 
Nanjemoy formation at Evergreen, Virginia, spatangoid fragments : 
Aquia formation, various locc., Maryland, Diadematid and Cidarid 
spines; Clark & Martin (67). 
(iii) Mesozoic. 
a. General:—Mesozoic Echinoderms of S. America, a list; Villareal 
(315) p. 131.—List of fossils from canton d’Alzon (Gard) ; Brun (47) 
p. 15, vide etiam iii, c, 2. 
b. Cretaceous :—Kislovodsk, Caucasus, Heteraster, Cidaris ; Lebedev 
(185) p. 187.—Texas, Ananchytes, Cidaris, Cyphosoma, Diplopodia, 
Dumblea, Echinobrissus, Enallaster, Epiaster, Goniopygus, Hemiaster, 
