60 Echin. 
XIV, ECHINODERMA. 
(iv) Palaeozoic. 
a. General :—Malay Peninsula, Pahang, columnals and brachials in 
limestone, probably Palaeozoic (fide P. A. Bather) ; Newton (223). 
b. Permian :—Vacant. 
c. Permo-Carboniferous:—Lower Bowen, Lower Marine Series, Leich¬ 
hardt District, Central Queensland, Tribrachiocr., Grin, columnals, 
some inch diarn., and Oph. indet.; Dunstan (101) pp. 11, 12, 26. 
d. Upper Carboniferous:—Lower Coal Measures, various locc. in 
Fife and Kinross, Crin. ossicles (p. 223), Actinocr. ? (p. 222); Peach 
(235). 
Padang in Sumatra, Poteriocrinus columnals; Fliegel (112) p. 96. 
Coal-measures at Desmoines, la., Archaeoddaris , Eupachycr .; Keyes 
(169) p. 330.—Coal Measures, Minersville, Neb., Zeacr. (p. 76), 
Topeka Limest. and Shales, Kansas, Archaeoddaris (pp. 77, 79), 
Delocr. (p. 79), also quotes lists from previous authors; Beede 
(22).—Upper Coal Measures (Missourian), Thayer Shales of Kansas 
City, differences of Crin. from those of Crawfordsville Shales due 
to great lapse of time, now proved by discovery in Arkansas of 
20,000 feet of intervening beds; Keyes (170).—Lower Part of 
Upper Coal Measures on Kansas B., Pottawatomie Formation, 
horizons of spp. of Archaeoddaris, Cromyocr., Cyathocr., Hydreio- 
nocr ., Ceriocr., Erisocr., Eupachycr., Phialocr ., Douglas Formation, 
horizons of spp. of Archaeoddaris, Hydreionocr., Ceriocr .; Beede & 
Rogers (23). 
e. Lower Carboniferous :—Development and distribution of Crin. 
faunas especially in N. America contrasted with those of other 
epochs ; Gratacap (139) pp. 232-234. 
Clyde drainage area, Archaeoddaris , Melonechinus, Palaechinus, Alla- 
gecr., Platycr ., Megistocr., Parisocr., Scaphiocr., Poteriocr., Zeacr., 
Hydreionocr., Scytalecr., Ulocr., Rhodocr., Chiddota, Ancistrum ; 
Smith (285).—Various localities for Ech. and Crin. in Clyde 
drainage area ; Smith (286).—Shales and limestones of Arran, 
Archaeoddaris, Poteriocr., Rhodocr. ; Thompson (301) pp. 24, 26, 30. 
—Calciferous Sandst. and Carbonif. Limest. of Fife and Kinross, 
locc. for spp. of Cupressocr., Hydreionocr., Platycr., Poteriocr., 
Astrocr. \ — Zygocr.\, Archaeoddaris, A chi strum, Cheirodota ; Peach 
(235) p. 222. 
Pendleside group, Lancashire, Palaechinus (pp. 352, 355), Crin. frag¬ 
ments passim; Hind & Howe (152). 
Carboniferous Limestone, N. Wales, Archaeoddaris, Actinocr., 
Hydreionocr ., Poteriocr., Ulocr.; Morton (218) p. 62.—Menai Str., 
Caernarvon, Poteriocr .; Morton (216) p. 33.—Penmon and Puffin 
Id., Anglesey, Palechinus, Actinocr., Platycr., Poteriocr.-, Morton 
(215) p. 31 and (217) p. 48.—Limestone of Pair (Clavier) Belgium, 
V. 1. a., Actinocr .; Destinez (93) p. 21.—Apuan Alps, Actinocr. &c., 
columnals ; De Stefani (84a) p. 8. 
Upper Tournaisian of Igli and Taghit in Sahara, Rhodocr., Poteriocr. ; 
Ficheur (110) p. 922.—Igli, columnals of Potenocr. cf. crassus-, 
Joleaud (165) p. 399. 
List of historical specimens of Crin., Blast., and Ech. in Amer. Mus. 
Nat. Hist., with corrected horizons and locc.; Whitfield & Hovey 
(321) pp. 362-372, 482. 
Kaskaskia group,—Indiana, Scaphiocr.-, Rowley in Greene (141). 
—E. Tennessee and Kentucky, Pentremites; Rowley in Greene 
(142). 
