S'pong. 1 
XYII. SPONGLE. 
BY 
Professor E. A. Minchin. 
CONTENTS. 
Page 
Introduction.4 
I. Titles.5 
II. Biology. 
a. Evolution.......... 12 
(i) General Principles ...... 12 
(ii) Relations of Sponges . . . . . . 12 
(iii) Phylogeny . . . . . . . . 12 
b. Morphology . . . . . . . . . 12 
(i) General Accounts.12 
(ii) External Characters . . . . . . 13 
(a) Attachment . . . . . . 13 
(b) Form and Mode of Growth . . . 13 
(c) Colour ....... 13 
(d) Consistence, Texture, Smell, etc. . . 13 
(iii) Anatomy of Soft Parts. Canal-System . . 13 
(iv) Skeletal System . . . . . . . 14 
(a) General Accounts . . . . . 14 
(b) Material of the Skeleton . . . . 14 
(c) Skeletal Elements, Morphology, Develop¬ 
ment, and Nomenclature of . . . 14 
(d) Skeletal Anatomy.16 
(v) Histology . . . . . . . . 16 
(a) General Accounts . . . . . 16 
(b) Special Organs or Tissues , . . 16 
(vi) The Germ-Layer Question . . . . . 17 
c. Physiology . . . . . . . . . 17 
(i) General Accounts. . . . . . . 17 
(ii) Nutrition ........ 17 
(iii) Respiration . . . . . . . . 17 
(iv) Secretion and Excretion, Pigments, Ferments, etc. 17 
(v) Irritability, Contractility, etc. . . . . 17 
(vi) Individuality . . . . . . 17 
(vii) Miscellanea and Experimental . . . . 17 
1901. [VOL. XXXVIII.] F 1 
