BIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION. 
Sport[/. 21 
sponge-fisheries in the Mediterranean, pp. 270-274 ; attempts at acclima¬ 
tization of sponges, pp. 274-276; spongiculture, pp. 276-280; regulation of 
sponge-fisheries, pp. 280-282 ; Seurat (52).—General account of Bath- 
Sponges, their natural history, varieties, distribution, prices, modes of 
preparation and fishing, and other commercial details; Coupin (15).— 
Sponge-Fisheries in the Mediterranean; Coupin (16).—Commercial sponges 
from the Island of Tobago; Anon (3).—^Sponge-Fishery of Florida ; 
Smith (54).—Sponge-Fisheries and resources of West Indies and Florida ; 
Duerden (21) pp. 136 & 137.—^Sponge-Fisheries in the Bahamas; 
Eggers (22).—Commercial sponges from the Coastal waters of New 
South Wales, enumeration of the species, with notes on their economic 
importance, pp. 55-57, summary of previous experiments in sponge- 
culture, pp. 57-63; Whitelegge (64). 
(iii) Bibliography.—M aas (39). 
(iv) History.—Of researches upon sponges in Austria from 1850 to 
1900, with full bibliography ; Lendenfeld (35).—Summary of previous 
observations on the budding of Tetliya ; Maas (38) pp. 264 & 265.— 
Historical summary of experiments upon sponge-culture ; Whitelegge (64) 
2ip. 57-63. 
(v) Folk-Lore, Popular notions.— Euplectella oweni , with the 
contained pair of Crustacea ( Spongicola ), as “a felicitous object betokening 
eternal connubial love” in Japanese wedding ceremonies; Ijima (29) 
p. 204, footnote, and p. 216. 
III. DISTRIBUTION. 
A. GEOGRAPHICAL. 
a . Marine. 
(i) General.—Bathymetrical distribution of sponges in general, in 
present and past times ; Seeliger (51) pp. 23 & 47. 
(ii) Atlantic Ocean and Adjacent Seas.—Coast of Norway, 
Calcareous sponges; the additions to the Norwegian fauna are Ascandra 
angulata Lend., Sycandra coronata (Ell. & Sol.), Ute glabra O.S., Ebnerella 
nitida n. sp., and Leucandra aspera (O. S.) ; Arnesen (5).—Calcareous 
sponges of Bergen; Arnesen (6).—Bay of Biscay, Coast of Asturias; 
Rhaphidophlus Jilifer R. & D., var cantabrica n. var; Orueta (42). 
Sponges from the Coast of Algeria, criticism of the list given by 
Schmidt, with synonymy of his species, pp. 327-334 ; description of a 
collection of 40 species dredged on the coral banks of La Calle, pp. 334- 
364; novelties for the Algerian fauna are Erylus discophorus , E. stellifer , 
Placortis simplex , Hymedesmia bistellata , Prosuberites longispina , Top- 
sentia glabra , Axinella verrucosa , A. cannabina , Halicnemia patera , Ras- 
pailia graciUima , Myxilla banyulensis, Hymeraphia lacazei , //. viridis , 
Leptosia dujardini , L. luciensis , L. bacidifera n. sp., Yvesia rosea , StyloteUa 
columella , Batzella inops , Gellius angulatus , Rtelospongia aspergillum , 
Euspongia ojicinalis , varr. adriatica and exigua , and E. irregularis , var. 
ramocligitata n. var ; complete list of 93 sponges from Algerian Coasts, 
and comparison of the Algerian fauna with other faunas, pp. 362-367 ; 
Topsent (59). 
Azores, Hexactinellid fauna ; n. spp. of Malacosaccus , Aplirocallistes , 
Chonelasma, Eurete , and Farrea ; Topsent (58). 
Eastern Canada, list of Sponges ; Whiteaves (63) pp. 11-18.—Casco 
Bay, Maine, list of sponges; Kingsley (31) p. 161.—Bermuda, Siphono- 
