22 Spong. 
XVII. SPONGLE. 
chalina stolonifera n. sp. and Bahamas, Hircinia purpurea and H. atra , 
n. spp.; Whitfield (66).—Tobago Island, commercial sponges from, 
Anon. (3) p. 637. 
Straits of Magellan; Leucosolenia \Clathrina\, Sycon , Reniera , Halis- 
arca ; Topsent (60), p. 3 and p. 47. 
(iii) Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas.—Cape Colony, 70 
N. of Lion’s Head, 140 and 154 fathoms, Rhabdocalyptus lophodigitatus 
n. sp.; Kirkpatrick (32). 
(iv) Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Seas.—-Sagarni Sea, its 
topography, pp. 6-15, and Hexactinellid fauna ; Japanese Euplectellidce , 
chiefly from the Sagarni Sea, Euplectella , Riegadrella and Walteria , in all 
8 spp. of which 2 new; Ijima (29). 
Copper Island, Commander ( alias Kommandor sen Komandorski) Islands, 
Behring Sea, Grantia monstruosa ; Dawson (17) p. 192 a. 
New South Wales, Coastal Beaches, Halichondrina and Keratosa; 
Reniera , Halichondria , Packychalina, Chalina , Siphonochalina , Areno- 
chalina , Chondropsis , Raphisia , Pseudohalichondria, Desmacidon, Myxilla , 
Clathria , Echinoclathria , Plumohalicliondria , Aulena , Raspailia , Axinella , 
Ciocalypta, Chalinopsilla , Phyllospongia , Leiosella , Euspongia , Hippo- 
spongia , Coscinoderma , Thorecta , Stelospongia, Hircinia , lanthella , in all 
67 spp. of which 9 are new, and 1 n. var.; Whitelegge (64 & 65). 
(v) Arctic Seas.—Enumeration of the Tetractinellida known up to 
the present to occur in Arctic seas, in all eight species; Topsent (60) 
p. 5.-—Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic sponge-faunas; Topsent (56), 
(57) & (60). 
(vi) Antarctic Seas.—Sponges collected by the Belgian Antarctic 
expedition, in all 26 spp., viz. Calcarea 2, Monaxonida 13 (inch 8 n. spp., 
3 n. varr.), Carnosa 2, Hexactinellida 9 (inch 1 n. g., 5 n. spp.), Myxo- 
spongida 1. The relation between Arctic and Antarctic sponge-faunas is 
discussed, and only three species of cosmopolitan range (. Leucosolenia 
lamarcki , Halichondria panicea , and Dendoryx incrustans ) are found to 
be common to both. The evidence from sponges is therefore against the 
theory of the bipolarity of faunas. A peculiar character of the Antarctic 
Sponge-fauna is its richness in Hexactinellida, on the one hand, and the 
absence of Monoceratina [Dictyoceratina] and Tetractinellida, on the other 
hand; Topsent (56) pp. 8—11, (57) pp. 168 & 169 and (60) pp. 7 & 8& 
p. 46. 
/ 3 . Freshwater Sponges. 
(i) Europe.—Freshwater sponges of Germany, diagnosis of the five 
species, with figures of the gemmules and skeletal elements, viz. Spongilla 
lacustris , S. fragilis , Trochospongilla horrida, Ephydatia Jluviatilis , and 
E. mulleri ; Kukenthal (34) pp. 41 & 42.—Spongillinse from the Elbe, 
five spp.; Fric & Yavra (23).—Spongilline fauna of Finland, Spongilla 
and Ephydatia , 4 spp., 1 var.; Levander (36). 
(ii) Asia—Sponge-fauna of Lake Baikal, Lubomirskia spp., Ephydatia 
olchonensis n. sp., and Spongilla microgemmata n. sp.; Korotneff (33) 
pp. 306 & 307. 
(iii) Africa—Vacant. 
(iv) Australia—Sunda Islands and Celebes, list of freshwater 
sponges hitherto known ; additions to the fauna of Celebes are Pachy - 
dictyum globosum n. g. et sp., Spongilla (?) sarasinorum n. sp. and S. (?) 
vasta n. sp. ; Weltner (62) p. 201. 
(v) America_Vacant. 
