DISTRIBUTION. 
Spang. 23 
B. GEOLOGICAL. 
(i) General. 
Seliger (51) pp. 23 & 47. 
(ii) Cainozoic. 
(a), (b). Vacant. 
(c) . Pliocene:—Pliocene sponges of Borzoli in Liguria, Craticularia 
(2 n. spp.), Donatispongia patellaris n. g. et sp. ; Malfatti (40) pp. 
298-301. Pliocene boring sponges of Liguria, Thoosa sabatia n. sp. and 
Cliona sp.; Rovereto (47) pp. 229-234. 
(d) . Miocene Middle Miocene of Italy; Craticularia (3 n. spp.), 
Verrucocoelia , Tremadictyon , Zittelospongia meandriformis n. g. et sp., 
Hyalotragos , Cnemidiastrum , pp. 270-293; Miocene spicular elements of 
sponges in the calcareous rocks of San Marino, pp. 293-298, pi. xxv, 
quadro i, ii, & iii; Malfatti (40). Cambrian and Silurian sponges in the 
Miocene of Sylt Island; Stolley (55) 
(e) , (f). Vacant. 
(iii) Mesozoic. 
(a) Vacant. 
(b) Cretaceous :—White Chalk of Dorsetshire, list of sponges ; Rowe 
( 48) pp. 71 & 72.—Upper Greensand and Cliloritic Marl of Wiltshire, 
Aphrocallistes , Chenendopora , Doryderma , Elasmostoma , Nematinion , Pachy- 
poterion , Parkeria , Plocoscyphia , Porosphcera , Siphonia , Stauronema , Tre- 
macystia ; Jukes-Browne & Soanes (30).—Arran Chalk: Porosphcera 
globidaris, Hexactmellid and Tetractinellid Sponge fragments ; Newton 
( 41) p. 239.—Cretaceous of Denmark, Plintkosella squamosa and Barroisia 
faxensis , n. sp.; Ravn (45).—Upper Senonian Sponges from Misburg and 
Oberg in Hannover ; 16 Hexactinellida, 6 Choristida, 35 Litlnstida (with 
16 n. gg. and 20 n. spp.) and 1 Monactinellid (n. g. et sp.); Schrammen 
( 50) pp. 19-21.—Senonian sponges of Biewendenear Wolfenbuttel, Prussia; 
Wollemann (69).—Cretaceous of Liineburg; Wiegers (68) p. 248.— 
Cretaceous of Tolz in the Bavarian Alps, Ventriculites ; Imkeller (29 a) 
p. 27.—Cretaceous of Rugen, Aphrocallistes sp. described under the name 
HexagonaEa ; Deecke (17 a), cf. Geinitz (23 a). A Silurian sponge 
(Astylospongia prcemorsa) in the Stramberg strata; R.emes (46 a).—U pper 
Cretaceous: Spongia plana Phill. and Hippalimus radicifonnis Phill.: 
Bagg (7) p. 360. 
(c) , (d). Vacant. 
(e). Trias:—Triassic Pharetronidae and “Syconidpe” from the Bakony, 
Himatella , Oculospongia , Peronidella , Corynella , Myrmecidium nom. nov. 
Leiospongia , Celyphia , Steinmannia, Colospongia, Cryptocodia , Loczia , n. g., 
Oligoccelia, n. g., Amblysiphonella , and “nov. genus et species,” in all 20 
n. spp. of which 10 are described as new ; Vinassa de Regny t (61).— 
Trias of Mte. Presolana in Lombardy, Colospongia ; Mariani (40 a), 
p. 1253. 
(iv) Palaeozoic. 
(a), (b), (c). Vacant. 
(d) Coal-Measures :—Coal-Measures of Ohio, Sphenodictya cornigera , 
n. g. et sp.; Herzer (27). 
(e) Lower Carboniferous :—Lower Carboniferous Sponges in the 
American Museum of Natural History ; Whitfield & Hovey (67) pp. 
