the abdomen swollen, the pulse quick and small, the 
j chest painful to the touch, and the breathing plaintive, 
•the bleeding should be repeated every two or three 
days, not taking more than 4 or 5 pounds of blood 
each time ; glauber salts should be substituted for the 
emetic, and the food should be more liberal and of the 
kind most easily digested; the other applications to be 
continued as before.” 
The symptoms as described by M. Okabe-rt, are as 
follows;: 
“ 1st stage—Head depressed, muzzle somewhat dry, 
eyes heavy, pulse hard, quick and irregular, flanks 
slightly heaving, mouth and breath hot, ears and 
horns rather hot, hair dry and staring, dung black and 
hard, urine thick, high scented and but rarely voided; 
the animal loses its appetite and strength, but feels 
great thirst, and has a short dry cough, at times strong 
and frequent. 
“ 2nd Stage:—Increase of all the above symptoms; 
extreme sensibility of the spine when compressed, 
gnashing of the teeth, and diminution of the milk. 
The animal carries its head raised; the eyes are glis¬ 
tering and watery ; the pulse very quick, thirst ex¬ 
treme, mouth dry and very hot, breath burning, muz¬ 
zle dry, the nostrils spasmodically contracted and their 
inner surface inflamed, while a reddish matter mixed 
with small clots of blood is forced from them and from 
the mouth. The surface of the body at times is very 
hot, and then again equally cold; this heat is often 
confined to portions of the body. The flanks are agi¬ 
tated ; the cough is strong, oftentimes continuous, ob¬ 
stinate and convulsive ; the animal seldom or never 
lies down, and in some cases an exterior and movable 
tumor appears on the neck or elbow. The disappear¬ 
ance of this tumor internally, or the absence of the 
cough in the presence of the other symptoms, is a sign 
of approaching death. 
“ Treatment during the 1st period, recommended by 
M. Chabert:—Bleed at the jugular, if the pulse is 
strong, hard and full; not otherwise. When the pulse 
has moderated, apply a blister on each side of the 
chest, and afterwards rub the tumors thus raised with 
basilicon ointment animated with cantharides. Give 
twice a day alexiteric drinks composed of an infusion 
of juniper berries, ammonia and Peruvian bark ; gar¬ 
gles of a sweetened decoction of barley, warm clysters, 
fumigations of vinegar directed up the nostrils, plenty 
of rubbing, and the use of covering. 
“2d period:—Bleed as above, apply very strong 
blisters on the chest, administer drenches of an infu¬ 
sion of juniper berries, emollient clysters, nitrated 
drinks, and gargles. If the animal is feeble, give the 
alexiteric drinks as above.” 
Whether pleuro-pneumonia is contagious or not is a 
disputed point; judging from the account cited in his 
book, M. Gelle considers that in its worst form, it is. 
At any rate, the veterinaries all advise the immediate 
and entire separation of the diseased from the healthy 
animals, that the stables should be thoroughly cleansed, 
aired and disinfected, and that all the animals should 
be well brushed and kept on a low diet. The taking 
of a fair quantity of blood, and the insertion of a se- 
ton in the brisket, the tape having been previously 
dipped in turpentine and then rolled in powdered can¬ 
tharides, is also recommended as a preservatory mea¬ 
sure. W. C. S. February 16th, 1858. 
-O-O—O- 
Prof. Way has resigned the position he has so long 
held—with great credit to himself and benefit to the 
cause of agricultural science—as chemist to the Royal 
Ag. Society of England. 
Guano, &c., for Meadows. —The same paper re¬ 
ft commends as an application for meadows, 2 cwt. of 
\ guano and 1 cwt. of nitrate of soda—to be well mixed, 
< and applied in two dressings in March and April. 
Winter Care of Poultry. 
We do not wish the reader of this article to infer fron- 
the heading, that the suggestions contained in it do not 
also apply to summer as well as winter, but only that 
in almost all latitudes, poultry require, in many impor¬ 
tant respects, much more attention in winter than at 
other seasons of the year. And perhaps the most im¬ 
portant of all these, next to providing them with a suit¬ 
able house, as mentioned in our last article, (page 45) 
is a regular supply of animal matter. That it is indis¬ 
pensable to their health, and to their constant produc¬ 
tion of eggs, no one of much experience in this matter 
will deny. Every one will tell you that your fowls 
must have access to substances containing lime, from 
which to elaborate shells for their eggs, but hardly any 
one seems to think whence the elements of which the 
eggs themselves are composed, are to come. These 
must be furnished in the food, and therefore we must 
inquire what kind of food is suited to this purpose. 
The chief constituent of both the white and the yolk 
of the egg, is an organized substance called albumen; 
and nitrogen is one of the chief constituents of albu¬ 
men. Therefore, it is plain, that if you want your hens 
to lay, you must feed them on substances containing 
nitrogen. The flesh and blood of animals are almost 
identical with albumen, and contain a considerable 
amount of nitrogen. But corn, and such other grains 
as can be economically fed to poultry, do not contain 
much nitrogen, though they contain the elements ne¬ 
cessary for the production of fat. Oats have a much 
larger proportion of nitrogen than corn, and at the or¬ 
dinary relative proportion of prices, are the more eco¬ 
nomical of the two. Poulti*y may be fattened on sub¬ 
stances which do not contain a particle of nitrogen, as 
starch, sugar, and the fat itself of other animals, but 
they will not continue to lay. It is not, therefore the 
fat, but the muscle and the blood , liver, the scraps 
which remain after trying lard, and tallow, &c., which 
are best adapted for food for hens ; and of which a lit¬ 
tle given every day or two, when they cannot pick up 
insects and worms for themselves, will abundantly re¬ 
pay you in their increased production of eggs. Those 
scraps from the table which are often given to pro¬ 
long the existence of some ugly raw-boned, snarling, 
sheep-stealing cur, would suffice for as many hens as 
ought to take the place of the aforesaid dog. 
As to providing shells for your hen’s eggs; old mor¬ 
tar, burned bones and oyster shells will furnish it—of 
course unslacked lime must not be given them. They 
are particularly partial to oyster-shell lime, probably 
because it may have a little flavor of the salt water ; 
and we would here observe that while salt itself is in¬ 
jurious to poultry, scraps of salt meat and fish are much 
relished by them, and after some observation and in¬ 
quiry, we venture to say, productive of no bad results. 
Bones partly converted into charcoal and pounded fine, 
furnish both lime and nutriment. Such bones as can be 
easily mashed with a hammer as they come from the 
table, furnish a larger amount of oily matter than one 
who has never tried the experiment would suppose, 
while the fragments themselves, which the fowls will 
eagerly devour, contain phosphate of lime, the very 
thing that they need. Red peppers, onions, cabbage 
and celery leaves, chopped up, are all excellent arti¬ 
cles of vegetable diet which fowls greatly need in win¬ 
ter as a change from their dry food. We do not advo¬ 
cate much feeding of warm and soft food, except an 
