1883.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
273 
rmasonry, and along tbeir lengths by 5-ineh locust 
posts, resting on large flat stones, embedded below 
the surface of the cellar bottom. All partitions are 
anchored together at their joinings. The windows 
are constructed, as indicated by the plans, with 
plank stiles and sills, and all above the cellar have 
timber sub-sills. 
The windows are glazed with second quality 
French glass. All sash in the cellar are hung with 
butts, and in the two principal stories to balance 
with head and base blocks complete. The windows 
in the first and second stories have panels under 
them. Those opening to the verandas and balco¬ 
nies are double-faced, and hung to swing inward. 
The kitchen and dining-room have neat chair 
backs. A sink and drain-board are set and neatly 
cased, with closet underneath. The pantry and all 
closets are shelved, and hooked in the usual man¬ 
ner. The doors are of first quality seasoned pine, 
paneled and molded. The front doors are 4-4 by 
Vegetable Development. 
The great majority of our vegetables are quite 
unlike the plant in its wild 6tate. By cultivation 
through a long series of years, some part of the 
plant, that portion most useful to man, has taken 
on an unnatural development. This may occur in 
the root, as in the carrot; the tuber as in the po¬ 
tato ; in the bulb as in the onion ; in the stem as 
in kohl-rabi; in the leaves as in 6pinach ; in the 
Fig. 2. —EAST ELEVATION OF HOUSE. 
Fig. 3. —SOUTH ELEVATION OF HOUSE. 
weights, with cord. The siding is of 6-inch clear 
pine clapboards laid on T. & G. hemlock sheathing 
and heavy sheathing paper. The roofs are covered 
with 18-inch pine shingles of best quality, laid 51 
inches to the weather on spruce shingling lath, ex¬ 
cept those for verandas and balconies, laid on in¬ 
verted If by 41-inch pine plank, neatly beaded on 
the under face. All valleys and gutters are of I X 
•charcoal tin; former 20 inches wide, and the latter 
14 inches, with one edge rolled and turned up 
three inches, and “ laid in ” with the shingles on 
the second course, with sufficient incline to insure 
a good run for water. The bay-window is tinned 
over, with slat floor for balcony use. The verandas 
are supported on 5-inch locust posts extending in 
the earth below the reach of frost, and cased on 
their exposed faces, with panels of lattice work 
"between. The outside floors are of T & G H by 
41-inch clear pine, closely laid in paint, and 
Fig. 4.— PLAN OF FIRST STORY. 
blind-nailed.” The inside floors are of T & G 
1} by 7-inch spruce, closely laid and double-nailed 
to each bearing. The stairs are of clear pine. The 
main flight has a 9-inch paneled newel, and a 21 by 
41-inch molded rail of ash. The kitchen stairs 
are “ boxed in,” plastered on the room side, with a 
door at the foot. The cellar stairs are placed un¬ 
der the kitchen stairs, with a door at the top. The 
Architraves for the interior are of clear pine reeded, 
7 by 11, and heavily molded outside. The inside 
double doors are 5 by 7-4 by 11; sliding doors 7 by 
7-6 by 11. All other room doors in the first story 
of the main house are 2-8 by 7-4 by 11. Outside 
blinds, with rolling slats of best manufacture, are 
put to each window in the first and second stories. 
All the doors are hung with loose joint butts. 
Double-faced doors have mortised locks, and all 
single-faced doors, rim locks. The double doors 
have flush bolts top and bottom. The sliding doors 
have brass sheaves, way, and stops. All knobs, 
roses, and escutcheons are of white porcelain, 
with silver-plated shanks and bases. Brass sash 
fastenings are put to all windows in the first and 
second stories. An iron sink, 18 by 26 inches, and 
a pump are set in the kitchen, with 50 feet of gal¬ 
vanized iron pipe, properly connected for supply 
and waste water. Three mantels are supplied for 
the first story costing $30 each, and two in the sec¬ 
ond story costing $20 each, with one marble shelf, 
resting on stucco trusses, costing $8. All wood 
work usually painted has two coats of paint com¬ 
posed of pure lead and oil, with the addition of 
such stains as suit the owner. 
All the materials of their several kinds are suffici¬ 
ent for and best adapted to the purposes required. 
Anything necessary to the thorough completion of 
the dwelling, such as nails, screws, etc., though 
not particularized herein, are provided and used. 
The labor is performed in a substantial and work¬ 
manlike manner. The whole to receive the ap¬ 
proval of the architect. 
Cost of Materials and Labor. 
800 yards excavation at 25 cents per yard. $75X0 
2,100 feet stone foundation (complete) at 12 cents 
per foot. 252.00 
21 feet blue stone at 30 cents per foot. 6.30 
6,000 bricks in chimney (complete) at $15 per M. 90.00 
1.200 yards plastering (complete) at 35 cents per yard 420.00 
425 feetBtucco work (complete) at 30 cents per foot 127.50 
11,025 feet timber at $20 per M. 220.50 
150 joists at 16 cents each. 24.00 
475 wall strips at 11 cents each. 52.25 
3,000 feet sheathing at 3 cents per foot.. 90.00 
8,500 feet felt at 4 cents per pound. 11.68 
550 clapboards (6-inch) at 16 cents each. 88.00 
250 feet cornices (complete) at 24 cents per foot.. 60.00 
600 shingling lath at 6 cents each. 36.00 
108 bunches shingles (pine) at $1.50 per bunch_ 162.00 
4 hunches shingles (red wood) at $2 per bunch.. 8.00 
620 feet tin (valleys, gutters, and leaders) at 8 
cents per foot . 49.60 
270 flooring (outside 4K-inch) at 20 cents each. 54.00 
580 flooring (inside 7-inch) at 20 cents each. 116.00 
8 windows, cellar (complete), at $3 each. 24.00 
42 windows, first and second stories (complete), 
at $10 each. ... 420.00 
11 windows, attic (complete),at $3 and$li each.. 49.00 
38 doors (complete) at $8 each. 304.00 
4 stairs (complete).. 120.00 
Verandas and balconies (complete). 100.00 
Pantry and closet finish (complete). 28.00 
8 kegs nails at $4 per keg. 32.00 
Sink and pumps (complete). 15.00 
6 Mantels (complete). 138.00 
Painting. 300.00 
Carting. 35.00 
Carpenter labor (not included above). 400.00 
Incidentals. 92.57 
Total...$4,000.00 
leaf-stalk as in rhubarb, or in the terminal bud, of 
which the cabbage is an example. The fruit is 
changed in a large number, as in the squashes, to¬ 
mato, etc., and finally the seeds themselves are 
modified, as the peas, beans, sweet corn, etc. 
These portions have not only been increased in 
size, but they have acquired peculiar color, flavor, 
etc., which add to their value. When these plants 
are grown under unfavorable conditions, they re¬ 
vert more or less to their original wild state. The 
carrot affords a marked illustration of reversion. 
Allowed to sow its own seed in poor soil in au¬ 
tumn, the plant which comes up the following 
spring is left to fight its way among grass and 
other plants, and in a few years it becomes the 
well-known “ wild carrot.” The small woody root 
of this has been, by a few years of cultivation, 
brought back to the large tender root we know in 
the carrot. Many other examples could be cited 
of the tendency of cultivated plants to retrograde, 
JretZ&vn Xf) /JJ'' C 
i*Vk$y. 
Fig. 5.—PLAN OF SECOND STORY. 
but this is sufficient to show that the first point iu 
seed-growing is good cultivation of the plants 
which bear the seed. They must be kept from re¬ 
verting towards their first condition ; indeed, one 
of the methods of improving plants, and, conse¬ 
quently their seeds, is to provide those conditions 
which will allow them to assume their greatest de¬ 
velopment. In other words, high cultivation i3 
necessary in growing the best seeds. 
