1883.] 
AMERICAS" AGRICULTURIST, 
405 
A Barn Costing S900 to $1,000. 
FIRST PRIZE IN CLASS I. 
The bam, illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, is one 
of sufficient size to bold all tbe bay, grain, and stock 
kept on a one-kundred-acre farm. It is built with 
the barn floor lengthwise, and elevated five feet 
above the level of tbe foundation. Tbe barn is 
.'fifty by seventy feet, with tbe sides sixteen feet 
a movable partition at lambing time. Passages 
on two sides of each pen give good opportunity 
for feeding. The horse stable,/, has stalls five feet 
wide, for three horses. A passage, with a sloping 
and cross-slatted floor, leads to the barn floor, so 
that horses may be taken from the wagon to their 
stalls without going out of doors. Slip-doors in 
the side of the same passage give ready access 
either from the stable or barn floor to the oat and 
meal bins, h, h. The harness-room, i, is six by 
crust, and increases the circulation of both air and 
moisture through the earth and among the roots. 
State Bounty vs. Town Bounty on Foxes. 
My neighbor is a persevering turkey-raiser, amid 
manifold discouragements. Last year he had poor 
luck, because his young turkeys, running with the 
hen that hatched them in a very limited range about 
the house, became “ verminized,”' and dropped off 
mysteriously. A cent’s worth of kerosene, properly 
distributed, would have killed every louse, and 
given the birds a chance to die at Christmas, with 
some compensation to the owner. This year he 
concluded to let turkey hens do the hatching and 
raising of the broods. He had grand luck, and 
with two hens got thirty young ones out of the 
shell and well into the summer, through the most 
critical period of their lives. He was faithful in 
watching the young broods, and saw them safely 
home and securely sheltered from vermin every 
night. One of the long hot days in June he be¬ 
came very tired, and thought it was a little too 
much trouble to look after his young broods. They 
did not come home, and the next morning he found 
the old hens slain by the foxes, and twenty-two of 
the young turkeys missing. The hens were worth 
two dollars each, and the young ones fifty cents 
each, making him out of pocket fifteen dollars, for 
the want of a permanent State bounty on foxes. 
The common town bounty offered for the destruc¬ 
tion of this pest works in this wise. The loss to 
farmers who raise poultry, in turkeys, geese, ducks, 
chickens, amounts to thousands of dollars annu¬ 
ally, after any period of neglect, in which the 
foxes have had time to multiply, in almost any 
agricultural town. It is so severely felt, and the 
visitations to the poultry yards are so evenly dis¬ 
tributed, that virtuous indignation seizes all the 
freeholders, and at the first town meeting a bounty 
of five dollars is almost unanimously voted on 
every fox head presented to the town treasurer’s 
office. The foxes, of course, must be billed within 
the town. The thrifty farmers of Shadwell have 
no notion of paying for foxes caught in Bung- 
town, although the Bungtowa foxes have no re¬ 
spect for town boundaries, and invade Shadwell 
every night. Under the five dollar bounty, foxes 
are hunted and begin to grow scarce. The old hunt¬ 
ers, fond of the sport, invest in fox-hounds, and 
when the light snows of early winter come, there 
is a general muster of all the hunters, and the 
music of hounds is heard over all the hills and 
valleys. The holes of foxes are invaded every 
spring, and sometimes a lucky hunter digs from a 
single hole a half-dozen young ones, and draws 
from the treasury thirty dollars, as the reward of a 
high and thirty-two feet to the gables. The pitch 
of the roof is almost one-third. The gables are 
-cottage-roofed for four feet down, giving a neat 
appearance. The center of the roof is surmounted 
by a ventilator, containing a window in each side. 
These, with a large window in each end of the barn, 
light the lofts sufficiently. The root cellar is 
twelve by twenty-two feet inside. There are six 
bents, as in figure 4. On the side containing the 
horse stable, the center mow-posts extend to the 
foundation, except one, which comes down in the 
horse stable. On the cattle side, three come to the j 
foundation ; the remaining three are cut short and 
framed into the loft beams. There are six plates, 
which join the frame solidly together. There are 
no other beams except the breast beams, which are 
four feet above the floor. This gives an unob¬ 
structed mow between each bent, making it ex¬ 
tremely convenient for using hay-forks and eleva¬ 
tors. In the center of the barn, over the floor, the 
first cross-beam should be left out, as it is too 
Fig. 2.— GROUND PLAN OP BARN. 
low, and would hinder work. The floor extends to 
the division between the cellar and the cut-feed 
room. The latter is floored over, and forms a mow 
twenty-five by fifty feet. The cattle stable ( e, figure 
2) has double stalls for twenty-four head of cattle. 
The large stalls are seven feet wide, and the small 
.ones are five and a half feet wide. The mangers 
should not be over fourteen inches high. There 
are two sheep pens, g, g, large enough to house 
• twenty sheep. The corner pen may be divided by 
twelve feet, lighted by one window, and convenient 
to the stable. The buggy-room is lighted by two 
windows, and connects by a door with the harness- 
room, and thence to the stable. The room, l, is on 
a level with the stables ; a stair, n, leads to the 
floor above, and a door connects with the cellar. 
In this room is a root-cutter, and a large box in 
which to mix roots and cut straw. The root-cel¬ 
lar, k, is twelve by twenty-two feet inside, which 
can be filled through a trap-door in the floor above. 
The store-room, m, extends under the “bridge” 
or entrance. The horses and cattle are fed from 
the floor ; the sheep and young cattle have tlicir 
feed taken from the floor through the cut-feed 
room, or the uncut rough feed may be dropped 
through shutes from the mow above. A large 
watering-trough, o, is placed in the cow stable, for 
use in stormy weather. A sled may be used for 
removing the manure from the stable to the field 
or compost heap. All the stables are well lighted 
by the numerous windows, which slide back to 
give air when necessary. The exact cost, in any 
particular case, cannot be stated, owing to the 
variation in prices of lumber and labor in different 
places ; but with the amount of material known, 
the cost can soon be estimated. 
Estimate.—Cost of Materials and Labor. 
7,000 feet Flooring, 2-inch, @ $14 $ M.$98 00 
2,960 feet Lofting, 1-inch, @ $10 $ M. 29.60 
4,392 feet Sheeting, 1-inch, @ $10 $ M. 43.92 
31,376 Shingles, @ $3 ¥ M.94.72 
18 Windows, 2 by 3 feet, @ 80c. each. 14.40 
2 Windows, 3 by 4 feet, @ $1 each. 2.00 
2 Windows, 2 by 2 feet, @ 60c. each. 1.20 
2,240 feet 16-ft. Siding, 1-inch, @ $14% M. 31.36 
1,400 feet 14-lt. Siding, 1-inch, @$14$ M.19.60 
2,000 feet 20 ft. to cut Gables, 1-incli, @ $14 fi M. 28.00 
16,000 Bricks, @ $lf M. 64.00 
2,986 feet Brace Scantling, 3 by 4-inch, @ $14 % JM. 41.80 
960 feet Rafter Scantling, 2 by 4-inch, @ $14 M. 13.44 
500 feet Stall Lumber, 1-inch, @ $14 % M. 7.00 
1,000 feet Lumber and Scantling for Sheep Pens and 
incidentals, 1 -inch, @ $12 $ M. 12.00 
Lime and Brick Laying. 65.00 
Nails, Hinges, Cattle Chains, and Slide Bars. 80.00 
1,160 feet 16-ft. Rafters, 1-inch, @ $14 $ M. 16.24 
Carpenter Work.300.00 
Total cost.$962.28 
Many farmers are content to cultivate or scarify 
the soil, where crops are grown, only so often as 
may be necessary to destroy weeds. Of necessity, 
we must stop the cultivation of potatoes about the 
time they begin to blossom, but most other crops 
may be cultivated until the fruit is in sight. This 
is especially true of the corn crop, which may be 
cultivated lightly with great benefit until the ears 
are in milk. There is some danger from breaking 
the ears unless the rows are three and a half or 
four feet apart. The practice of planting corn in 
drills one stalk in a place about a foot apart, favors 
frequent and late cultivation. Scarifying the soil, 
even into September, is a substitute for manure, 
and increases the yield of grain, and the weight of 
stover, which is a valuable part of this crop in all 
the Northern Stated. Late cabbages, ruta bagas, 
turnips, and beets cultivated for stock, are greatly 
benefited by frequent and late cultivation. The 
scarifying of the surface of the soil breaks the 
