42 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Feb. 
about fifteen feet square, in which the occupants re¬ 
main the early part of the day and night, untied. The 
colts and fillies occupy larger pens where several are 
together. 
All the results of the different schemes of experiment¬ 
ing, in growing roots, grains, fruits, exotic woods, in 
the treatment of stock, and in the determination of the 
value of fodder, are published in a weekly agricultural 
paper, edited by one of the faculty. 
Among the productions of the botanical gardens, ex¬ 
periment fields, and orchards, every kind of useful plant 
suited to the latitude are to be found. Their seeds and 
fruit are most carefully, and with great attention to 
purity, preserved for sale. I noticed in the immense 
apartment devoted to keeping these in good order, and 
dry, seventy-two varieties of potatoes,—above fifty 
kinds of wheat—a great variety of oats, barley, rye, 
buckwheat, grass, clover, beets, parsnips, cabbages, 
&c.,—more than a hundred and fifty kinds of apples, 
two hundred kinds of pears, and other fruits in propor¬ 
tion. Three hundred kinds of forest wood are grown 
in the exotic nursery, and more than a thousand differ¬ 
ent plants flourish in the botanical garden. The scions, 
roots, and seeds from these sources are sold throughout 
the kingdom, and the income therefrom is not incon¬ 
siderable. 
The collections for study and illustration, embrace 
soils and manures—perhaps a hundred varieties, chiefly 
from different parts of Wurtemburg—botanical speci¬ 
mens, plants, seeds, and woods,—vastly extensive mine- 
ralogical, geological, palaeontological collections, es¬ 
pecially rich in every thing illustrating those depart¬ 
ments of natural history, from all parts of the kingdom— 
eoological, embracing all the species existing in, or 
visiting Wurtemburg—anatomical, of cattle, horses, 
Sleep, swine, dogs, cats, and fowls—of teeth for deter¬ 
mining age—of bones likely to become diseased—of 
hoofs with all models of shoes for sound and unsound 
limbs; of models of agricultural implements as a class, 
and agricultural architecture of which there are about 
seven hundred specimens; and many other things not 
to be grouped or enumerated without occupying too 
much space. 
The mention of these can give no idea of the order, 
compactness, and adaptation to their end, which these 
collections possess. For example, the history of the 
silk work is shown with the aid of glass frames, con¬ 
taining the most elaborately prepared anatomical and 
physiological illustrations one can conceive. Much of 
it would require a microscope to see, but it is there. 
In the botanical collections, upon one side of the room 
stands a book-case. Upon taking a volume from the 
shelf, it proves to be a wooden box, overlaid with 
moss, so arranged as at a little distance to resemble an 
elegantly fancy-bound book. Within, on one side is 
the plant, with its leaves and wood, with bark; on the 
Other side its fruit, and cross and longitudinal sections 
of the wood. In the depression of the back, a little 
sealed cup of pollen, and a sheet of history of the plant. 
The library was the gift of a prince—at the same time a 
monument of German patience, science, and patronage. 
In addition to these is a collection of apparatus in 
natural philosophy and chemistry. The Technical labo¬ 
ratory contains the most improved apparatus for the 
manufacture of starch and alcohol from potatoes, sugar 
from beets, vinegar, beer, cider, and silk. It also in¬ 
cludes the work-shops, in which plows, wagons, and 
every variety of farm instruments are made, together 
with the duplicates of the model collection. 
The Faculty consists of a 
Director, who lectures upon the productions of the 
animal kingdom, and, the general plan of agriculture 
pursued at Hohenheim; 
Professor of Agriculture; 
Prof, of Forest Science, who supervises the forest lands 
belonging to the estates. There is in this department 
an Assistant; 
Prof, of Mathematics and Physics; 
Prof, of Chemistry and Natural History; 
Prof, of Technology and Instructor in the Technical 
Laboratory; 
Teacher of Farriery; 
Teacher of Field Labor, plowing, hoeing, spading 
&C; 
Teacher of Nursery and Orchard Culture; 
Teacher of Machine Drawing; 
Assistant to the Cashier, book-keeper, &c.; 
Gardener and Smiths. 
The course of instruction is upon the plan of a Ger¬ 
man university. The professor gives lectures which are 
attended as largely or as indifferently as the students 
please. Having decided at the commencement of a 
term, however, which lectures they will attend, these 
they are required to hear—and at the conclusion of the 
course, to sustain a rigid examination upon them, and 
the general subject upon which they treat, in order to 
secure their diploma. 
As there are ninety-four lectures, weekly, in winter, 
and eighty-five in summer, it is obvious that less than a 
three years’ course would be imperfect. Candidates, as 
the students are called, are admitted for less periods—• 
for a term, I think. Their qualifications at universi¬ 
ties, before entering, will naturally render some of the 
courses unnecessary. Most of them have completed 
what would be considered a college course, with us, and 
many have completed an university course, previous to 
entering. They must be eighteen years of age. The 
practical illustrations of the farm and its appendages, 
are witnessed in the course of the year. Manual labor 
of no description is required, though instruction in the 
different kinds of handiwork, is practically received. 
The apparatus for making sugar from beets is put in 
operation once a year, at a fearful expense, to illustrate 
the art of winning this article of commerce. The 
starch manufacture, alcohol production and distillation, 
and vinegar manufacture, upon the principles of modern 
organic chemistry, are all conducted in their absolutely 
practical modes, that the candidates may be prepared as 
agents or as directors of large estates, or as farmers 
themselves to carry them forward with profit. 
Tuition is 300 floi’ins, or $120,yearly, for foreigners; 
for Wurtemburgers, 100 fl., or $40. In addition to this 
is a board-bill, amounting to about .18 cents daily, in 
some instances less. 
The above remarks apply almost exclusively to the 
theoretical school at Hohenheim. Besides this there is 
a practical—a work school, designed to make skillful 
day-laborers, rather than theoretically grounded far¬ 
mers* The pupils must be not less than seventeen 
years of age. Two hours of instruction daily, in the 
winter, and one in summer, are allowed to them, inde¬ 
pendent of their communication with the director of 
the W'ork. The following is the course of instruction 
in this school:— 
1st term—Cattle-breeding, and cheese-manufacture. 
2d—Sheep breeding and horse-breeding, with atten¬ 
tion to wool. 
3d—Culture of soils. 
4th—General agriculture, swine-breeding, and farm 
book-keeping. 
5th—Special culture of plants. 
6th—Fruit, grafting, meadows, bees. 
The entire tuition is 100 fl.,—60 for the first year, 40 
for the second, and nothing for the third—$40 in all. 
The annual expenses of the institution for the year 
1843, exclusive of appropriations for extra erections, or 
changes of much magnitude which have been provided 
for by the government in all instances, thus far—are 
Annual salaries,. fl.7,030 
Library, publication, and expenses of sci¬ 
entific excursions,. 850 
Particular instruction in models, soils, 
plowing, sowing, &c.,. 600 
Appropriations to the several departments, 725 
Great variety of stationary and sundries, .. 2,260 
Director and assistants,. 5,365 
fl. 16,830 
Expense of the lower school,. 1,912 
Total,. fl. 18,742 
Or,. $7496.80 
