1S46. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
65 
see, wrong side out. By this process about one quar¬ 
ter of the calf is extracted. I then turn the cow on the 
other side, and deal with the other hind leg in the same 
manner, and the cow, with very little exertion to her¬ 
self, and without any danger to her, is readily deliver¬ 
ed.” . 
VALUE OF THE CULTIVATOR. 
We might fill pages with extracts from private letters 
attesting the value placed upon the Cultivator, could 
any public object be accomplished by it. We give the 
following, merely to show that it is useful to others as 
well as to farmers. A subscriber at Meriden, N. H., 
says —“ Though engaged in trade and cultivating only a 
garden, I think 1 can hardly spend a dollar better than 
by renewing my subscription to your paper. Aside 
from its interest to the practical farmer, it contains use¬ 
ful hints enough in domestic economy, and matters in 
which all are concerned, who have a family at least, to 
much more than compensate for the trifling sum asked 
for it.” . 
THE WINTER IN VIRGINIA. 
Wm. A. Staples, Amherst co., Va., writes under 
date of Jan. 4th last—“We have had some cold weather 
this winter. Our canal has been closed for two weeks, 
but all is fair again, and plows are now running. 
GRAZING IN EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 
Extract of a letter from J. Price, Esq. to the Culti¬ 
vator : “ The eastern part of Pennsylvania is becoming 
every year more and more engaged in the grazing busi¬ 
ness—but little attention is paid to raising cattle, the 
graziers depending almost altogether for a supply of 
beef cattle from N. York, Ohio, &c., &c. According to 
the best estimate I am at present able to form, the 
number fattened annually in this county is between 
forty and fifty thousand head. Lancaster, York and 
Dauphin are fast following the example of Chester. 
The reason of this is that the distillation of grain into 
whiskey is fast going out of practice. I believe there 
is not a single distillery in operation in this county at 
present, and at least three-fourths of them in Lancaster 
and adjoining counties are defunct, and I think will 
soon cease altogether.” 
PRICES OF PRODUCE IN TENNESSEE. 
Samuel T. Bicknell, of Blount co., Tenn., writes 
under date of Dec. 27th last, that pork is worth $3 per 
hundred pounds—corn 20 to 25 cents per bushel—wheat 
50 to 75 cts., and that farmers cannot supply the demand 
for all kinds of produce—that many of the South Caro¬ 
linians had sent the greater portion of their stock into 
East Tennessee to be wintered. Mr. B. pays us a com¬ 
pliment in regard to the influence of the Cultivator in 
in his neighborhood—the perusal of which, he is pleas¬ 
ed to say, «tends to the improvement of the land, and 
consequently adds to the contents of the pocket, so that 
the subscribers make one step towards economy.” 
COMPLIMENT TO AN AMERICAN AUTHOR. 
Mr. Tucker—I deem it proper that the pages of the 
Cultivator should, record the flattering compliment 
recently paid by a royal personage to Mr. A. J. Down¬ 
ing, one of our citizens well known for his works on 
Landscape Gardening, Rural Architecture, &c., which 
irom their publication on this side the water, have been 
regarded with high admiration, and are already consid¬ 
ered as standard works. 
His work on Landscape Gardening has also attracted 
attention in Europe, and has been greeted there with 
many expressions of commendation. The Queen of 
Holland has lately forwarded to Mr. Downing an auto¬ 
graph letter, together with a magnificent ruby ring, en¬ 
circled by three rows of diamonds, in acknowledg¬ 
ment of the pleasure which she has derived from the 
perusal of his book. Perhaps no similar recorded in¬ 
stance can be found of a royal autograph having been 
added to the gift of a jewel by way of giving stronger 
emphasis to the expression of admiration. 
A. of the North. 
TRANSPLANTING TREES. 
Very few who have been accustomed to the culture 
of fruit trees and to transplanting young trees from the 
nursery, are a- 
ware of the great 
improvement re¬ 
sulting from a 
frequent previous 
transplanting, be¬ 
fore removal to 
the garden or or¬ 
chards. Having 
made a good ma¬ 
ny observations 
on this point, we 
have given in the 
annexed wood-cut, fair representations of the roots of 
two young trees, fig. 18, exhibiting the usual appear¬ 
ance of a tree which has stood on the spot where it 
came up from the seed, and fig. 19, the roots of a tree 
which has been two or three times transplanted. The 
former has but few roots, and those extend to a distance 
in the soil; the latter has a multitude of short fibres, 
necessarily resulting from the successive cutting off of 
the longer roots in removal, and producing in their 
place the growth of many shorter ones. Hence in ta¬ 
king up a tree thus previously prepared, little risk or 
check in growth is experienced, as the entire mass of 
fibres is easily preserved from mutilation in digging. But 
a tree of equal size which has not been transplanted be¬ 
fore, has established itself by a few long roots, firmly 
in the soil; and these must be more or less torn in re¬ 
moval; hence the consequent check in growth and dan¬ 
ger to the life of the tree. 
Fruit-trees which have been well prepared previous¬ 
ly for transplanting, by this method, may be removed 
with greater safety even when so large as to be in a 
bearing state, than if less than half that size, without 
such preparation. It is by practicing this method, that 
nursery-men in some parts of Europe are enabled to 
show to purchasers their trees for sale in full bearing 
and with handsomely formed heads. It is obvious that 
in setting out such trees, more care is needed in spread¬ 
ing out the numerous fibres, in the natural position in 
which they grew, and in filling in all the interstices with 
fine earth; and that the practice of dashing in a few quarts 
of water when the hole is partly filled, to carry the 
earth into all the small crevices among the roots, is 
quite important. Where, also, this practice is pursued, 
greater fertility of soil is needed, to counteract the 
slightly retarding effect of successive removals. 
BRIDGE PLANK FOR WHEEL-BARROWS. 
In wheeling manure, muck, sand, &c., on garden 
beds, and in removing from them various kinds of litter 
and refuse matter, tbe box¬ 
edging is very often injur¬ 
ed by crossing and re¬ 
crossing. To secure edg¬ 
ings from any danger of 
the kind, provide a bridge- 
plank, tapering at each end, and with a space cut be¬ 
neath for the box, over which the wheel and the feet 
of the gardener may pass without the slightest injury to 
the edging or obstruction to the work. 
Moss on roofs, accelerates the decay of shingles, 
and may be prevented or destroyed by sprinkling white 
lead on the upper part of the roof, so that the rain may 
wash it over the roof. 
Cheap culture of Potatoes. —A correspondent of 
the Boston Cultivator plants in hills, which he covers 
lightly, by a plow, with earth as soon as the potatoes 
are above ground. When they come up again through 
this light covering, he repeats the operation by cross- 
plowing, covering up as before. The potatoes are never 
injured, and a great saving of labor is effected. 
Fig. 20. 
