106 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
April* 
not so fleet, less commodious, and much less expensive. 
It evades a government law given to protect the eilvvag'on 
establishment, by running separate horses and wagons, 
from each succeeding station. The farm wagons are 
for one ox or two oxen—high or low, as the wants of 
the owner may be. When converted into travelling wa¬ 
gons, seats are suspended from the rack by cords, which 
contribute not inconsiderably to lessen the effect of 
the irregularities of the way. 
Last of all, there are two classes of vehicles, yes, 
three, which if neglected, would give no faithful picture 
of Giessen or Hesse Darmstadt—the wheelbarrows, the 
baskets and tubs, aud the panniers and bags. The latter^ 
are the exclusive possession of the donkey-drivers. 
The baskets and the tubs are employed in the transport 
of almost everything—water, coal, wood, vegetables 
from the garden,,hay, &c., &c. They are carried on 
the head, and almost exclusively by females. 
Wheelbarrows are most of them upon one model. 
Exceptions are in the additions which sometimes are 
employed to bring dog-power into requisition; and this 
is by no means in a few instances. It is quite amusing 
to see the faithful little animals leading the way and 
trailing the burthen, while the owners bearing up the 
handles and walking easily along, would look much 
better with the whole freight in charge. 
In looking at the -whole system of transport here, 
nothing impresses me more forcibly than the extreme 
contrast. The gentleman and peasant, the young lady’ 
of the town and the peasant girl, in suits of apparel as 
different as those of the sexes, I had almost said, are 
yet not more contrasted than dogs, horses, cattle, wagons, 
and carriages. Here is the result of an effort to engraft 
the characteristics of modern progress upon feudal re¬ 
pose—a field for study, to which I would gladly devote 
a measure of time. Yours truly, 
E. N. Horsford. 
MORGAN HORSES. 
Luther Tucker, Esq. —In my letter, published in 
your January number, I stated that there were but four 
of the old Justin Morgan horse’s colts which were 
kepi as stallions. All of these I have often seen, and I 
now propose to give you my views of the principal 
points of difference between them, and of their relative 
qualities and merits as stock horses. 
The Morgan Revenge was foaled in Claremont, N. 
H. His dam, then owned by one of the Goss family, 
was a middle sized white mare of no particular blood 
His color was dark bay and his general form was simi¬ 
lar to the others. He had less action than the Wood¬ 
bury or Sherman, more nearly x’esembling in that re¬ 
spect the Bulrush, from whom he differed however, in 
having a shorter gait. He was about 14| hands high, 
and weighed about 1000. He stood nearly all his life 
in New Hampshire. His colts were generally dark bay 
or chestnut, and were less celebrated than those of either 
of the other horses. 
The Sherman Morgan was raised by James Sherman, 
of Lyndon, Yt. His dam was a chestnut colored mare, 
of rather light bone, said to be of English blood, and 
long owned by Nicholas Brown, of Providence, R. I. 
His color was a bright chestnut, with a very hollow 
back, heavier chested than the Revenge, with a straight 
lean head, and rather small eye, hairy legs, with good 
bone and muscle, and great courage and action. He 
was about 13^ hands high, and weighed about 950 to 975. 
In his young days he was kept in the vicinity of Lyn¬ 
don and Dansville, Yt. After he was bought by Mr. 
Bellows, of Lancaster, N. H., he stood one season, 1831, 
at Col. Jaques’ Ten Hills Farm, and for the residue of 
his life was principally kept at Durham, Dover, and 
other places in the eastern part of New Hampshire. 
His stock was generally excellent, and their color was 
most usually bay, chestnut, or sorrel. I believe there 
are now but three stallions in Yermout sired by him. 
The Morgan Bulrush was raised by Mr. Gifford, of 
Tunbridge, Yt., from a thick heavy dark bay and rather 
lazy mare, and was foaled in 1816. His general appear 
ance, shape, and form, correspond with those of the 
Revenge, but with a heavier chest, longer gait, and 
more hollow back; in this last respect, more nearly- 
resembling the Sherman Horse. His legs quite hairy, 
height about 14 hands, and weight about 1000. His 
style of motion not so good as that of either of the 
others, but none of them excelled him in endurance. 
His colts have been almost invariably dark bays, and 
have generally inherited his peculiar qualities. Many 
of them have proved very fast, and they have usually 
made very valuable road horses, though on the average 
smaller than the stock of either of the others. There 
are at this time more stallions of his sto^k than of 
all the others put together. 
The Woodbury or Burbank Morgan was foaled in 
Tunbridge Vt, also in 1816, from a bay mare said to 
weigh about 1000, a smart good driver, and then owned 
by a Mr. White. He was of a bright chestnut color, 
about 14| hands high, weighed from 1000 to 1025, with 
a heavy and finely curled mane and tail, hairy legs, a 
large prominent eye, and very broad between the eyes; 
heavier quartered, and deeper flanked, with less of the 
sway back than either of the others. In other particu¬ 
lars very similar to them. He was full of nerve and 
action, and fine courage, was a favorite parade horse, 
and constantly seen in the muster field, and his gait in 
harness was not surpassed by either of the others. The 
color of his stock was most usually bay and chestnut. 
With the exception of one season in New Hampshire, 
and one or two of the last years of his life in Keesville, 
Alabama, where he died, he was kept nearly all the 
rest of his life in Yermont, and I am of the opinion 
that it is his branch of the Morgan stock which has 
mainly contributed to establish the very extensive repu¬ 
tation and celebrity which the Vermont Morgan horses 
have so justly obtained. 
It is a remarkable circumstance that notwithstanding 
the great diversity of mares through which they have 
been propagated, the Justin Morgan horse has been 
able so clearly to impress upon his descendants to the 
fourth and fifth generation, his own peculiar and valua¬ 
ble characteristics, and it can hardly fail to carry to the 
minds of those familiar with such subjects the strongest 
conviction of his thorough bred origin. 
It can scarcely be necessary to add that many animals 
are offered for sale and palmed off upon the unsuspecting 
as Morgan horses, which have not a particle of genuine 
Morgan blood flowing in their veins. 
Frederick A. Wier. 
Walpole, N. H., Feb. 20, 1846. 
DEVON CATTLE. 
L. Tucker, Esq. —A very erroneous idea exists 
among many as to the peculiar characteristics of the 
Devon cattle, and my object in this communication is, 
if possible, to correct these errors. I believe it is gene¬ 
rally conceded that there is not their superior in any of 
the other improved breeds of cattle, for the road or 
field; but the general complaint is that they are diminu¬ 
tive in size, and inferior in their milking qualifications— 
these two, in particular, are the false notions which I wish 
to eradicate. I do not wish however, to be understood 
that I consider them as large as some other breeds; but 
on the other hand do contend that they are sufficiently 
large for any purpose required by the farmer in this 
country—and in fact, we think that with a given amount 
of keeping, they will produce more value of meat than 
any other breed that we are conversant with. 
Perhaps it would not be improper here to state a 
circumstance that tends in some degree to substantiate 
this assertion. 
On or about the 30th of March last, we had two 
Devon calves dropped, which we put with one cow, 
and they ran with her until the first of November. 
They were then taken from her and put with a conside¬ 
rable number of cattle, and fed pumpkins moderately 
twice a day until the middle of December, and were 
then fed a peck and a half of potatoes each, per day, 
until the 21st of January, when they were killed, and 
