1846. THE CULTIVATOR. 205 
13. This interrogatory has been so far anticipated, 
that it is only necessary to add, that sometimes manure 
that is not convenient to draw in the spring, is put 
upon the corn stubble and upon wheat. 
14. This interrogatory has been anticipated, in part. 
My reasons for applying my manure to corn, are, that 
I have better means ofdestroying the seeds of weeds, and 
from the belief that corn is the best crop to take up 
that part of the manure that the first crop can use, and 
that the manure is thus prepared for the crops that fol¬ 
low. Experiments that I have made, go to show that, 
coarse manure benefits the second crop as much as it 
does the first—and the third crop cannot but receive 
great benefit from it. The fourth and fifth crops proba- 
bably do not impoverish the soil. By this rotation, 
three crops are had for three plowings; and my expe¬ 
rience proves that the soil increases in fertility under 
this management. 
15. Potatoes. In consequence of the disease that has 
Injured this crop, there were but two and a half acres 
planted this year; the disease was very destructive to 
my crop last year, but thus far nothing has been dis¬ 
covered of it this year. I have not been able to dis¬ 
cover either the cause or remedy for this disease. 
16. Herds grass, at the rate of eight quarts to the 
acre, is sown on bottom land. Clover and herds grass, 
mixed in equal quantities, is sown on uplands, at the 
rate of eight quarts to the acre, commonly. Generally 
sow herds grass in September, when it is sown alone 
on wheat; but if mixed with clover, sow it in March, 
on a light snow, if possible; the sowing is done by 
hand. The last spring, I sowed herds grass seed at the 
rate of eight quarts to the acre, on a field of wheat 
that I wanted to mow. Sixteen quarts of clover seed 
were mixed with the other seed and sown on fifteen 
and a half acres. In the fall this field was not fed off 
until the clover headed out, when it appeared finely 
covered with clover. 
17. I usually mow about thirty acres, and expect two 
tons to the acre. This year the herds grass was killed 
by a frost late in May, and the estimate made was one 
ton to the acre. I use the variety of clover known as 
the C( medium, 55 and cut it when one-half of the heads 
are turned. At this stage, a very considerable propor¬ 
tion of the herds grass will be sufficiently advanced for 
the seeds to mature. The mode of making the hay, is 
to move it as little as possible. Generally it is put into 
cock. When the bottom lands are stocked down, clear 
herds grass used. 
18. There is no part of my farm that cannot be plow¬ 
ed, except the side hills before mentioned. These side 
hills are in grass and are pastured. 
19. I have irrigated a part of my bottom lands. For 
a few years, the grass was very much increased in quan¬ 
tity; but the herds grass disappeared, and a kind of 
grass took its place of but little value. 1 now suppose 
that the water was suffered to remain too long on the 
meadow, and thus destroyed the valuable grasses. This 
meadow has been plowed up, with a view to subdue it, 
and again seeded it with herds grass; when it is to be 
hoped a second experiment in irrigation may be made 
with more skill and better success. 
The mode of watering the meadow, was by a small 
ditch taken out of the brook, at a point high enough 
to enable me to convey the water through the middle 
of the meadow. Lateral cuts from this main ditch, 
witn gates, distributed the water. 
20. Of the bottom lands mentioned, about twenty 
acres were very wet, and may have come under the de¬ 
nomination of « low peat lands.” This land has been 
thoroughly drained, with ditches from three to five feet 
deep. Very heavy oats were this year raised upon 
some of this land, and about one-half of my corn was 
upon this description of land. The next year, the 
whole forty acres are to be planted or sown to oats. 
_ 21. There have been four oxen, seventeen cows, and 
sixteen head of store cattle, eighty sheep, eleven horses, 
and thirty-three swine kept on the farm the past sea 
son, with the exception of a short time. The cattle are 
either thorough bred, or high grade short horns. 
22. I have made no accurate and careful experiments 
to test the comparative value of different breeds of 
cattle. 
23. No account is kept of the butter and cheese made 
on the farm, as it is mostly consumed on the premi¬ 
ses. 
24. There have been but eighty sheep kept on the 
farm the past season. My flock has recently been very 
much reduced, with a view to substitute pure Merinos. 
My sheep yielded a little over four pounds of wool 
each, for the whole flock. The pure Merino ewes, each 
raised a lamb, and they averaged a little over five 
pounds to the fleece. I think that about ninety lambs 
may be expected to be raised from one hundred ewes. 
I have heretofore raised mutton sheep, but have dis¬ 
posed of all my sheep whose chief value was for mut¬ 
ton, and intend to turn my attention to the raising wool, 
as the first consideration. Two dollars has been about 
the average price I have received for mutton sheep fat¬ 
tened on grass. 
25. There have been thirty-three swine, of grade 
Berkshire, kept on the farm this year. About one-half 
of them have been slaughtered. Our hogs weigh from 
two hundred and fifty to five hundred, averaging over 
three hundred and fifty, when dressed. 
26. No accurate experiments have been made by me, 
to test the value of roots as compared with Indian com. 
I fatten my hogs and cattle on corn ground with the cob. 
Cooked for hogs, and sometimes cooked and sometimes 
raw for cattle, being governed in this particular by the 
amount of grain I am feeding. I think corn the most 
economical grain I can raise to feed, in view of the 
prices coarse grains usually bring in market. 
27. There are about two hundred apple trees on the 
farm, most of them grafted—spitzenbergs, russets, pip¬ 
pins, &c.,-—most of the approved varieties. 
28. Pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quinces, &c., are 
raised in abundance for our own consumption; and we 
have many of the best varieties of these fruits; five or 
six of pears, twenty of peaches, seven or eight of cher¬ 
ries, and four or five of plums. 
29. Various insects common to this country have 
depredated upon the fruit trees; the most troublesome 
of all, is the common apple tree worm. Strong soap 
suds applied by means of a piece of sheep skin with the 
wool on, attached to a pole is the most effectual means 
of destroying them. 
30. My general management of fruit trees is, to prune 
them annually, keep them free from insects, and see 
personally to the selection of scions for grafting. 
31. I have applied leached ashes to wheat, grass, and 
corn land, without being able to see any benefit. 
32. Besides the mansion house, I have four houses 
occupied by men that work on the farm. Two of these 
houses have bams connected with them. In a central 
position is a grain barn, fifty-four feet long and forty 
Wide, twenty feet high with a stone wall under it— 
making a granary and sheds. Near the mansion house 
are the hay barn, sheep barn, and a grain barn fifty-four 
feet long by thirty-four wide. Basement stories to all 
these buildings, furnish sheds and stables for the stock; 
so that every animal I winter, is fed all the valuable 
food in a rack or manger, and under cover. 
Besides these buildings, is the wagon-house, forty-two 
feet long, with a basement under it; and the tool-house, 
carriage-house, corn-house, milk-house, smoke-house, 
ice-house, hen-house, &c. A small mill upon the brook 
grinds my coarse feed. My yards around the buildings 
near the mansion are all supplied with water in tubs, sent 
there by a powerful force pump under the mill, driven by 
the same wheel that grinds the feed and saws the wood. 
33. The common fence on the farm is posts and 
boards, the posts set three fee. or more in the ground. 
Of red cedar postsl have about three miles-—and of other 
timber for posts, about two miles. I have something 
more than a mile of stone wall, made from stone quar¬ 
ried from the quarries mentioned. These walls are 
built four feet ten inches high, two and a half feet thick 
on the ground, and eight inches thick on top, having 
the same slant on both sides, and laid straight and 
strong. This fence costs me $1.50 a rod, and I build 
fifty rods or more every year, upon a system of fencing 
