302 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Oct. 
inches deep* sowed, and the grain harrowed in, and 
hushed smooth, which produced a good crop. Another 
piece of similar ground, a few rods distant, was broken 
deep, (about 8 to 10 inches,) cross-plowed, and grain 
harrowed in, but the yield was not half to the former. 
Since that time, where the soil is thin, I guard against 
plowing below it; believing that the best soil is usually 
at the surface. 
Much of our land in New-England, is too porous to 
oe benefitte.l by subsoil plowing. It is doubted whe¬ 
ther it pays for the labor in stiff and rich lands; except 
for root plants. It costs more than double the power 
to plow twelve inches in depth, than six. 
S. Tillotson. 
Canton, Ct., July 20th, 1846. 
AGRICULTURE. 
FARM ACCOUNTS. 
Mr. Tucker —In order fora farmer to decide which 
are the best and most profitable crops he raises, he 
must keep a correct account of the debits and credits of 
each. 
To do this, he will do well to keep a journal of daily 
transactions, and from that post into an account book. 
Something after the following manner his journal may 
be kept: 
May 1, 1846. 
Fri. Cloudy and rainy. Wind from N. E. 
F. plowed | day in lot No. 2.,. $1.00 
G. reset fence between lots 3 and 4,. 50 
Sat. Cloudy, rainy, and cool. Wind from north. 
F. finished plowing for oats in lot 2,. 1.25 
The form of the Account Book or Ledger. 
Mr. Tucker —As a science, agriculture includes in 
all its branches, a knowledge as extensive, and as diffi¬ 
cult completely to master, as many of the learned pro- 
fesiions. It is a field continually open for new investi¬ 
gations, and within a few years, since men of learning 
have given their attention to it as a science, many are the 
advances which have been made towards elevating it to a 
standard which it justly deserves. There are doubtless 
many who are far excelled in some of its ramifications, 
but very few who have attained that perfection which 
places them beyond the point of being taught. It is a 
pursuit which offers the liberal mind opportunities for 
research and experiments which are denied him in 
almost every other branch of science. If he turns his 
attention to these, after much severe toil and labor, he 
is doomed to meet with disappointment, having learned 
that the perfection to which the science has already 
attained, leaves no room for his researches. But let him 
devote his enthusiastic toil to agriculture, and if he does 
not make some important discovery, he may go far tow¬ 
ards arranging the thousand discordant facts which have 
been handed down from time immemorial. 
It is to be regretted that there is not among the ma¬ 
jority of farmers, a more inquisitive spirit in regard to 
the nature of the objects with which they are so inti¬ 
mately connected, and from which they expect to de¬ 
rive. not only their subsistence, but their hope of gain. 
The leading object of Agriculture, is to increase the 
quantity, and improve the quality, of the productions of 
the soil, and to do it with the least expenditure, or in 
other -words, with the greatest profit, without impo¬ 
verishing the soil. In order to accomplish this, we 
must resort to experiments, and here again opens a wide 
and extensive field. In consequence of the great variety 
of soils, experiments in different kinds, though nearly 
of the same nature, will not produce like results. 
The leading principles of agriculture are ever the 
same; animal and vegetable matter, after decomposi¬ 
tion, furnish food for plants, while heat, air, and moist¬ 
ure, aid in nutrition. 
There is nothing, practically considered, which has 
done more towards improving the minds of a majority 
of farmers, than the circulation of a well conducted ag¬ 
ricultural paper. It is a means, when contributed to 
by able and practical farmers, by which every man 
may derive new anil useful information. Its contents 
are made up of the results of the most careful observa¬ 
tion, and consists in itself of a general storehouse of 
knowledge from which all may draw something new 
and servicable. It also furnishes a common medium 
for farmers to communicate and receive instruction, 
thus enabling them to profit by the experience of each 
other. Among the list of agricultural papers, none 
rank higher (or have a greater circulation,) than the 
Cultivator, and it is only regretted that it does not make 
its friendly visits more frequently. 
Middlebury, Vt, July, 1846. H. L. Sheldon. 
Cut cart stakes while the bark will {< run,” and peel 
them. They are stronger and lighter than stakes with 
the bark on. 
Oats . Dr. Cr. 
50 
00 
‘25 
In this manner an account of each crop can be kept, 
which will show the cost and profit, the lot in which 
it was raised, and the amount per acre; also the time 
of sowing and harvesting, which will be a satisfaction 
that will overbalance all time and trouble. 
D. H. Wright. 
Moscow, N. Y., May 9, 1846. 
SPRING HILL PIPPIN, 
Strong's Newtown Pippin, Seedling Newtown Pippin. 
Mr. Tucker —About the year 1825, Judge Strong, 
of Long Island, planted some seeds of the genuine 
Green Newtown Pippin apple, from which he now has 
three large trees that have borne fruit for six or seven 
years. The fruit of all of these assimilates so closely 
to that of the parent tree, that it would be immediately 
recognized by an ordinary observer. One of these 
seediing fruits is remarkable for its fair and perfect 
form, presenting the character of an improved variety, 
it being of the same high flavor, and of the appearance 
of the finest specimens that can be selected of the old 
kind. The tree is also of much more vigorous growth 
than the old variety, which constitutes a most important 
improvement, as it has been a subject of regret that the 
parent tree is of only moderate growth, with a rough 
bark. To those pomologists who believe in the ex¬ 
haustion of the varieties of fruits, a great relief will be 
afforded by the production of a new seedling Newtown 
Pippin. Scions for 100 trees were presented by Judge 
Strong, in 1845, to Wm. R. Prince, proprietor of the 
nurseries at Flushing, who has that number of trees 
growing therefrom; and the present season, Mr. P. has 
ingrafted and budded 500 more from the original tree. 
We may therefore feel assured that through the ex¬ 
ertions and extensive correspondence of Mr. Prince, this 
highly estimable variety will soon become widely dis¬ 
seminated. The Spring Hill Spitzenburg, which is a 
seedling of the Esopus Spitzenburg, was also originated 
from seed by Judge Strong, and by him presented to 
Mr. Prince. 
1846. 
April 14 
“ 22. 
Lot No. 9. Two acres. 
To 2^ days’ plowing, . 
$ ' 
5 
c 
00 
$ 
“ 5 bushels of seed, (a) 40 o., . 
2 00 
u u 
11 sowing and harrowing,. 
1 50 
May 2. 
?> 5 
Lot No. 2. Five acres. 
To 4 days plowing,.. 
1 
8 00 
‘‘ u rolling,.. 
2 00 
“ 6. 
“ 14£ bushels seed, @ 40 c.,... 
5 80 
« « 
“ 2^ days dragging. ^ day sowing,. 
4 02 
Aug. 20- 
Lot No. 9. 
To 2 days harvesting,. 
1 
9 00 
“ drawing in, threshing, and cleaning,.... 
Ry 100 bushels oats, (a) 3s.,. 
4 
50 
37 
3 
“ straw.. 
Sept. 1. 
Lot No. 2. 
To harvesting, drawing, and threshing,.... 
Rv 250 bushels oats and straw,. 
16 
25 
101 
By balance,. 
no 08 
141 
75 
141 
