202 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[June, 
Contents for June, 1872. 
American Cuckoos. Illustrated. .219, 220 
Apple-Worm Traps.223 
A Sea-side Farm. Illustrated.. 201 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—The Picture Prizes—Insect 
Friends and Enemies—Aunt Sue’s Puzzle-Box— 
Notices to Correspondents—Out for a Bath. 
2 Illustrations.. 227, 228 
Cal i fornian Churn. Illustrated ..217 
Cattle—Long-horned and Polled.2 Illustrations. .213 
Chrysanthemums.223 
Cold-Frame Cabbage Plants.2 Illustrations. .224 
Cultivation of Fodder Corn. 218 
Cultivator with Wings. Illustrated. .217 
Evergreens.222 
Farm Work for June.202 
Fastening a Horse. Illustrated. .217 
Flower Garden in June.204 
Fruit Garden'in June. 203 
Grape-Vine in Summer.222 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in June.204 
Haying Tools. 211 
Hay-Making.5 Illustrations. .215, 210 
Holly-leaved Cherry. Illustrated ..221 
Household Department—The Warren Cooking-Pot— 
Home Topics—Amusing Children—Relation of the 
House to the Farm—Straw Beds—Children’s Bibs— 
Floating Island—About Using the Mop—Another 
Flour-Box—Cocoanut Pudding—How to Use Straw¬ 
berries—Keeping Hams.6 Illustrations.. 225, 22G 
Houses for Farm Help.4 Illustrations. 212 
How to Ring a Bull.3 Illustrations.. 218, 220 
Hydrangeas—The Otaksa.222 
Kitchen Garden in June. 203 
Lawns and Lawn-Mowers.222 
Loading Hay.4 Illustrations. .217, 218 
Market Reports.204 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 29—Use of Wind-Power on 
L the Farm—Slatted Floors to Pig-Pens and Stables— 
' Late Spring.211, 212 
Orchard and Nursery in June.203 
Primrose —Primula cortusoides amcena _ Illustrated. .224 
Prospects of Cranberry Culture.223 
Raspberries, IIow to Get Good.222 
Roller, Home-made. Illustrated.. 219 
Roofing Materials —.210 
Spatlum —Lewisia . Illustrated.. 221 
Subsoil-Plow. Illustrated. .210 
Swine—A Good Little Pig.219 
Thorns for Hedges.222 
Transplanting Beets and Turnips.223 
Visit to Mr. Mackie’s Jerseys.210 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 102—Amount 
of Barley Straw to the Acre—Chemical Manures— 
Working the Roads—Drainage of Swamps—Mangel- 
Wurzels— Foot-rot in Sheep—Carbolic Acid—Har¬ 
rowing Wheat. 214, 215 
What is a Fallow ?. 219 
What Varieties Come True from Seed ?.221 
What We Know about Beans. 218 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Am. Jersey Cattle Club. .203 
Applying Hen-Manure.. .208 
Arkansas Moving.233 
Artificial Incubation... 203 
Ashes from Bark.203 
Beau Crop:.209 
Bearded Straw.233 
Blindness in Horses.207 
Borers. 208 
Breeding Hens.20S 
Buckwheat on Fallows. .203 
Burning Stumps..233 
Bush Strawberries.233 
Butter don’t Come. 
Cabbage Lice. 
Carbolic Acid.233 
Cashmere Goats.299 
Cheese-Making.. 208 
Chester Co. Corn.206 
Chicken Cholera.209 
Chip Manure.207 
Cleaning Cesspools.203 
Clover Seed.205 
Colorado.233 
Compost Heaps.233 
Concrete Buildings.. .. .207 
Corn in Drills.207 
Crude Petroleum.209 
Cutting Clover.233 
Dept, of Agriculture.209 
Dissolving Bones.233 
Do You Want ?.208 
Drawing Book.208 
Dyeing Green.209 
Early "Lambs. 233 
Every Physician.20S 
Farm for Nothing.2331 
Feeding Cornstalks_.209 
Feeding Oxen.233 
Fine Lettuce.208 
Fodder Crop.200 
Foul Air in Wells.205 
Gardening in June.233 
Garget.233 
Good Chester White.200 
Good Common Cow.209 
Grubs in Cattle.207 
Guano.209 
Gutter in Cow-Sheds_206 
Hen-Houses.233 
Hint for Mechanics.209 
Holding up Milk.205 
How Many Eggs ?.233 
Humbugs, Sundry.205 
Hydraulic Cement.209 
Iodine Ointment.233 
Iron Vases. 209 
Kidney-Worms.207, 233 
Knitting Machine.200 
Large Pay, Little Work.,201 
Lice on Cattle.200 
Long Wools in Large 
Flock?. , ,205 
Living Fence-Posts.206 
Maggots on Sheep.203 
Manure for Potatoes in 
California.203 
Marsh Hay.209 
Mineral Phosphates.209 
Mixed Paints.205 
Males, Large or Small.. .205 
Mustard after Potatoes.. .200 
Natural History Journals205 
N. H. Board of Agric_205 
Navicular Disease.233 
Oats, Sowing..200 
209 Odd Eggs.208 
209 Packing Butter.209 
Phoenix Island Guano... .209 
Pickles.209 
Piling Manure.207 
Polishing Floors.206 
Potato Starch.233 
Poultry Bulletin.233 
Preserving Eggs.203 
Premium List..,207 
Prices of Butter.. 209 
Pruning. 209 
Purify the Hennery.208 
Ragweed .206 
R.R. Bonds.205 
Reaper and Mower.205 
Ringing Hogs.203 
Seales on Fowls’Feet... .203 
Setting Raspberries.208 
Sheep in England.209 
Soda and Bones.209 
Soiling Crop.209 
Spinning Wool.'203 
Stain for Bricks.209 
Steaming Feed.206, 333 
Stretches in Sheep.207 
Stump-Puller.209 
Swamp Muck.233 
Subsoiling.200 
Sundry Humbugs.205 
Tea Plants.208 
Testing Bone Flour.233 
The Best Mower.205 
The Moon.209 
Thorough-bred Ilogs...’ .204 
Three Horses on Mower.205 
Treating Manure.233 
Uneven Pulling.233 
Unfermented GrapeJuicc 233 
Value of Feed.207 
Washing Wool. 205 
Weeds in Iowa.209 
Weight of Cotswolda... .205 
Western Farming.209 
Wlnit is Alackf...209 
What, Ails the Pig?.200 
What the Physicians say.295 
Wheat in Corn.203 
.White Mustard Seed.200 
Windmill Wanted.209 
Calendar for June. 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JUNE, 1873. 
Some of the readers of the American Agriculturist 
were vexed with us for saying that wages would 
not be lower. We fully realized that wages were 
far higher than farm produce: but we could not 
shut our eyes to the fact that, while so many new 
railroads were being constructed—while contractors 
were clamorous for men, and bidding against each 
other—farmers, though employing more labor than 
any other class, could not control prices. When a 
man can get §1.50 to $1.75 on a railroad, he will not 
be content to work on a farm for $1.35. There are 
a great many men out of employment, and it would 
be fir better for them, and for the country, if they 
would accept such wages as farmers can afford to 
pay. A man who gets steady work on a farm even 
at moderate wages, will save more money in a year 
than the man who gets high pay for occasional work 
by the day. But men are not philosophers ; and if 
they were, farmers are not wholly free from blame 
in this matter. Many of them put in more crops 
than they can properly cultivate and harvest, and 
thus create a necessity for paying high wages for 
occasional work. It too frequently happens, that 
the question which a farmer has to decide is not, 
whether his crops can be raised with a profit, but 
whether, for instance, a corn crop being planted, 
ha had better let it go without hoeing or pay the 
prices demanded. And so in the hay-field or at 
wheat harvest. The question is not whether wheat 
will pay, but whether he had better let it shell on 
the ground or pay $3, $4, or $5 per day for men to 
secure it. The error is in not planning the work 
so that we may be able to get along without hiring 
extra help. Machinery docs not help us in thi3 
matter. It never did and never will lessen the de¬ 
mand for labor. It has precisely the opposite effect. 
Railroads have increased the demand for horses, 
sewing-machines hare increased the wages of seam¬ 
stresses, corn-planters, cultivators, mowers, reapers 
and hay-forks, and thrashing machines have greatly 
advanced the wages of farm men, and the steam- 
plow, the corn-liusker, the grain-binder, and the 
ditching machine will advance them still more. 
Wages are advancing throughout the civilized 
world. And we are glad of it. We must make the 
best of tlie situation. We must aim to make our 
labor as effective as possible. We do not advise 
farmers to employ less labor. This will be the effect 
of high wages and low prices of farm produce. 
And it is certain that sooner or later wages will 
come down, or prices of farm produce will go 
up. We take the latter view. The money that is 
paid out for building railroads, soon gets into cir¬ 
culation. Men that get good pay spend freely. 
Looking at the matter in all its bearings, we are 
decidedly of opinion that the prospects of good 
farmers were never brighter than at the present 
time. We have had hard times for a year or two 
past, and the farmer whose land is wet and weedy 
and in poor condition will have hard times in future, 
or ugtil he changes his method of farming. The 
man who raises poor crops and keeps inferior stock, 
can not hope to pay high wages or make large 
profits. It would be disastrous to the country, 
were such the case. But the good farmer—the man 
who has his land clean and in high condition, who 
raises large crops per acre, who keeps the best 
stock and feeds it liberally, will be sure of his 
reward. It can not be too often repeated, that the 
higher wages are, the greater is the necessity for 
raising large crops per acre. This seems so self- 
evident that we are surprised that there should be 
any intelligent farmer who docs not bring all his 
energies to bear on this one point. 
BliEats alsonat 'WorUt. 
Planting Corn .—We have had a late and hurrying 
spring, and much land intended for corn is not yet 
planted. An early variety of com will sometimes 
ripen planted as late as the first or even the second 
week in June. But as a general rule it is better to 
substitute some other crop, such as beans, or tur¬ 
nips, or buckwheat. When the ground is moist and 
mellow, if the corn is soaked for 24 hours in 6oft 
water, it will come up quickly. 
Beans .—We have had a good crop of beans planted 
the last week of June, but as a rule it is better to 
plant as soon after you are through planting corn 
as possible. Beans are usually a very profitable 
crop, when the soil, culture, and harvesting arc all 
favorable. Our own practice is to plant them (with 
acorn or bean-planter) in rows 2X feet apart, and 
drop four or five beans in hills 15 inches apart in 
the row. A larger yield can perhaps be obtained 
by drilling the seed in a continuous row, dropping 
the beans about two inches apart; but the former 
plan gives a better opportunity for hoeing. In 
either case be careful to go over the field with a 
hoe, and cover any beans that are exposed. Do 
this especially if a heavy rain occurs soon after 
planting. Cultivate the first moment that the rows 
can be distinguished, and frequently afterwards. 
The French cultivator is one of the best for beans, 
as it can be run close without covering the plants. 
Hoe, if necessary. Not a weed should be left in 
the field. Weeds greatly reduce the yield, and by 
rendering the crop difficult to cure damage the qual¬ 
ity, and render pulling a slow, costly, and unpleas¬ 
ant business. If you have reason to believe that 
your laud is full of weeds, do not plant it to beans. 
Better summer-fallow it. On rich land, planted 
early, the Marrow is more profitable than the 
small or medium white bean. The price is higher, 
and the bean straw is much more valuable. The 
only objection to them is that they are apt to split 
in thrashing. 
Potatoes .—It will save much labor in hoeing, 
just as the potatoes are breaking the crust to har¬ 
row the ground. We have repeatedly done this 
with a common harrow, with marked advantage. 
It will pull up a few hills, but the damage is nothing 
in comparison witli the benefits derived from 
stirring the soil and killing the young weeds. 
Thomas’s Harrow will, unless the ground is very 
hard, do the work more effectively, and without 
pulling up any of the potatoes. Afterwards keep 
the cultivator at work between the rows as long as 
it will not break the stems which produce the tubers. 
At first we go twice in a row, and run the cultivator 
as near as possible to the plants. This should be 
done two or three times, at intervals of five or six 
days, or more frequently if necessary, to keep the 
