16 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
HR. GEDDES’ HARROW_(Fig. 1.) 
(Scale, half an inch to the foot.) 
We are indebted to George Geddes, Esq. of Onon¬ 
daga county, for the drawing from which the above en¬ 
graving was made, as well as for the annexed descrip¬ 
tion of the Harrow, invented by him some years since, 
and which has been extensively used in that part of the 
state, and found superior to any other known there. 
With the aid of the description and drawing, our read¬ 
ers in any part of the country will be able to get them 
made for their own use, as there is no patent for it. 
Description —Timber, three inches square. 
The side pieces should enter the center pieces, so 
that the acute angle will contain thirty-five degrees. Or 
the bevel may be found by laying a carpenter’s square on 
a board, and measuring on one side of the corner three 
inches, and on the other two inches and one-twelfth of 
an inch; a line drawn through these points will make a 
triangle, having the smaller angle, that is the angle at 
the point where the three inches reached,—the angle 
required. 
The tenons should enter the center pieces only one 
inch, the mortice and tenon being cut square with the 
center pieces, as shown in the engraving. If this joint 
is well made, the bolt passing through both sticks will 
keep the timber in place perfectly. The side pieces 
have each three bolts, X. X. X. passing through the 
middle, to prevent their splitting. The back hinge is 
made of Swede’s iron, bolted at A. B. C. D. E. F., on 
the timber with half inch bolts. These bolts should be 
well made, and have large heads on the lower end, as 
of any thing breaks, it probably will be these bolts. 
The forward hinge is made with Swedes iron, and 
bolted on the top of the timber, with three bolts in each 
side of the hinge. 
The hook plays freely in an eye on the end of a rod 
made of round iron, five-eights of an inch in diameter 
which runs through both hinges; having a washer, n«t 
and spring key, behind the back hinge. The eyes in 
the hinges should be the thickness of the iron above the 
timber, consequently the rod running through the eyes 
will be that much above the timber. 
The hinges should be four and one half feet apart from 
%enter to center. 
The center pieces are one inch apart. 
Fig. 2, represents the bolts that 
pass through the joints of the center 
J X JSL' Jr and side pieces. The heads on these 
: /7!T bolts are half an inch thick, and 
Fig. 2. being exactly opposite each other, 
they come together when the harrow is flat on top. These 
beads and the plates under the nuts are Jhree inches 
long, and are turned a little at the ends, so as to grasp 
die timber, and keep it from splittirg. 
I v | Fig 3, represents the two bolts that 
pass through the center pieces, behind 
H Ja. J the b ac i t hinge, with the heads, plates 
Fig. 3. and nuts. 
The side pieces should be twelve or thirteen inches 
apart in the clear, measuring square across. 
The four teeth in the center pieces require to be made 
straight on one side, instead of having the point in the 
center, as their places are near the sides of the timber. 
The teeth should be seven-eights of an inch square. 
This drawing of my harrow, shows all the improve¬ 
ments in its construction that have been made since you 
published the engraving in 1836. 
I have attempted to show every thing in this drawing, 
and to give so minute a description that any comm >n 
mechanic shall be able to construct a harrow without 
making mistakes. 
A harrow having thirty teeth passing within two 
inches of each other, from center to center, is just what 
is wanted on ground under good cultivation. On land 
just cleared, the teeth should be further apart, perhaps 
four inches. 
The advantages that my harrow possesses over the 
hinged square harrow, are very great. It draws easier® 
One reason for this is, that the line of draft passes through 
the middle of the harrow, having just as much weight, 
and just as many teeth, (and they equi-distant there 
from,) on each side; consequently, the harrow on an 
even surface, moves straight forward, without producing 
any vibrating of the whiffle trees, as the square harrow 
does. 
Another advantage is, it is easily cleared of foul stuff. 
The driver, without stopping his team, lifts up one side, 
and the stone or stick falls out. 
The teeth track better, and instead of leaving a few 
large marks on mellow ground, it leaves thirty small 
marks. 
It is stronger, and when broken is easier repaired than 
any other harrow. 
It is cheaper than a well made thirty tooth square 
harrow, and the expensive part, (hinges, rod and bolts,) 
will last a very long time. The cost of one of my har¬ 
rows, made of the very best of timber, the teeth all steel 
pointed, and the whole painted twice is twelve dollars.* 
I request any person that may attempt to construct a 
harrow from my plate and description, to follow the di¬ 
rections exactly. If it should be supposed that im¬ 
provements can be made, I beg that first an experi¬ 
ment be made after my directions—then improve, and 
if the improvement is not found to be backwards, give 
it to the public. 
I have been using this harrow for eleven years. Since 
you published the engraving in 1836, which showed the 
principles involved, I have made great improvements in 
the manner of putting it together; but all the attempts 
to alter it fundamentally, have so far as I have learned 
been failures, and sometimes the experimenter has laid 
his to somebody besides himself. 
My only wish now, in relation to this harrow, is, that 
it may be made correctly; that this may be done, I have 
prepared the drawing. I have no fears but that it will 
prove to be better than any other in use, if fairly tested. 
Tyler, N'. Y.,Nov. 30, 1843. Geo. Geddes. 
Hemp Tree. —The Louisville Journal says, te A hemp 
stalk measuring nine inches in circumference, and six¬ 
teen feet two inches in height, and having sixty-five 
blanches, was grown on good clay land in Mecklenburg 
co., Keutucky. 
*As it may be inferred by some unacquainted with Mr, 
Geddes, that he makes the harrows here described, or is inter¬ 
ested in their construction, we deem it proper to state that 
such is not the case,—that in giving this harrow to the public, 
the only solicitude he feels, is that of the inventor ; but that 
should any person desire a harrow of this construction, by ad 
dressing a note to Oren Barton, Tyler P. O., N. Y., postage 
paid, enclosing $12, a harrow made in the best manner, will be 
put on the canal, directed and forwarded to any place required 
[Eds. Cult,] 
