THE CULTIVATOR 
37 
the stem. Color dull greenish brown, 
with a russet-red cheek. Stalk half 
to three-fourths of an inch long, ra¬ 
ther obliquely inserted in a very 
slight depression. Calyx small, part¬ 
ly closed, placed nearly on a level 
with the surface. Flesh juicy, ten¬ 
der, melting, with a high and agree¬ 
able aroma, and a peculiarly spicy 
and rich flavor. It is in perfection 
from the first of September to the mid¬ 
dle of October. To obtain fruit of 
large size, the trees of this variety 
should be well supplied with manure, 
and the branches moderately thinned 
by pruning. 
V. Beurre Diel. 
(Beurre Royale .) 
(Biel’s Butterhirne.) 
An excellent late Autumn 
pear of Flemish origin, raised by 
Dr. Van Mons of Louvain, and named 
in honor of Dr. Diel, a distingiuished German 
pomoTogisi;. The tree comes into bearing very ear¬ 
ly, aaa produces abundant crops of large, deep yellow 
fruit of excellent flavor. It is a very vigorous grower, 
and the horizontal branches generally become pendant. 
The fruit acquires a higher flavor as the tree advances in 
age. 
Fruit large, swollen most in the middle, and narrow¬ 
ing to each end, a little hollowed towards the stalk. Co¬ 
lor, at first, pale yellowish green, becoming when fully 
ripe, orange, with scattered gray dots, and marblings of 
russet. Stalk one to one and a half inches long, strong, 
woody, inserted often in an uneven angular cavity. Ca¬ 
lyx nearly closed, with long segments, and placed in 
a rather irregular basin. Flesh yellowish white, 
a little coarse grained around the core, but 
juicy, tender, with a rich sugary flavor. 
Ripe during the months of No¬ 
vember and December. 
CULTURE OF FRUIT.—No. I. 
We propose to furnish our readers occasionally with 
directions for the cultivation of fruit, embracing every 
thing of consequence from the apple to the strawberry; 
with the culture adapted to each, and a selection of the 
most desirable varieties, for those who have but little 
*and, as well as for the farmer’s orchard. We intend to 
furnish one number of the proposed series once in each 
month. To those who have large fruit gardens and or- 
r- ards, every thing relating to their management, every 
thing by which their culture may be improved, must 
of course be a matter of importance; and to those whose 
whole farm perhaps consists of but half an acre, or even 
less, and there are many such among our subscribers, it 
certainly cannot but be an object of interest to make the 
best of that little. To such, it is indeed far preferable to 
have fine, well bearing trees, of excellent and seasonable 
varieties, than to have their limited grounds occupied 
by trees whose only product is small unpalatable fruit. 
No one, however limited his means, or however little 
the land he occupies, should be deterred from the culti¬ 
vation of first rate fruit. A tree of the best variety costs 
but little more than the worst—and will grow in the cor¬ 
ner of a small 3 'ard, as well as on the richest domain. A 
dozen trees of the finest selection, will cost but three or 
four dollars, and may be properly transplanted for half 
that sum. In five years, if well taken care of, they will 
afford a return for the labor bestowed; and few would 
then be willing to part with them for five times their 
cost. The proprietor of the village garden, will find 
many pleasant hours of recreation in their management; 
and an agreeable and useful occupation will be furnished 
to his children. Indeed, the culture, propagation by 
budding and grafting, and a knowledge of the diseases of 
fruit trees, should be considered as an indispensable ac- 
coBw>iisbment in a yousg man’s etfccaUon* 
The first thing to attend to in planting fruit trees, i? 
the selection of the ground. This, it is true, is often in a 
great measure beyond our control; but still, even in a 
quarter of an acre, if there is any difference in the soil,, 
there is some choice; as each kind may be more nearly 
furnished with its appropriate soil, than where no such 
attention is given. Whenever, therefore, a choice 
can be made, the apple should have ground which is rich 
and moderately moist; the pear, cherry, apricot and peachy 
a deep loose soil, more sandy for the cherry and peach; 
and the quince a rich moist soil. But if the ground be of 
tolerable fertility, much more depends on a proper pre¬ 
paration by digging and filling the holes than any selection.* 
There is probably no natural soil in the state well 
adapted to the proper extension of the roots of fruit trees, 
without previous loosening by digging. We have seen 
peach trees transplanted into soil naturally loose, linger 
year after year with little growth; while on the other 
hand, trees set in a heavy soil, properly prepared, have 
' “For a Fruit Garden, a western aspect is generally best, 
because it is the least subject to sudden transitions of tempera¬ 
ture. Severe vernal frosts often prove injurious, or otherwise, 
according to the weather that follows. If the sky be overcast 
in the morning, and the air continues cold, little or no damage 
occurs; but when the sun breaks out warm, the injury is great¬ 
est ; and the most so, when the trees are most exposed to his 
rays. For this Teason. a hill or a wood on the east side, may 
prove very beneficial. 
“ A northern aspect would go far towards insuring regular 
crops of the peach, nectarine, apricot, if protected from the sun 
and warm winds by a belt of evergreens. On sandy soils espe¬ 
cially, the reflected heat is often sufficient in autumn or winter 
to start the buds; and snow and ice have been, successfully 
heaped round trees to prevent this disaster; but a northern as¬ 
pect would probably render such labor unnecessary. 
“ Dry firm ground should be chosen, preferring a sandy or 
gravelly loom, though clay will do with good culture. Wet, 
peaty, or spongy soils are apt to be frosty; for the radiation of 
the heat is much greater than from firmer lands,”— J), 
in Trans . N. 3f Slate Ag, Society, 
