230 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
tirely of broken stones. The grass lands, in some places, 
were beginning to fog, and seem, in our opinion, to be in 
need of lime. This farm (we believe about 150 acres in 
extent) is an excellent example of the benefits of furrow 
draining, combined with that part of the system which is 
Mr. Smith's own, subsoil plowing. But the whole suc¬ 
cess of the system, as shown by the increased produce of 
this farm, cannot be entirely ascribed to draining and 
subsoiling. Great part of it isdue, no doubt, to the high 
price got for the produce consumed at the Deanston cot¬ 
ton works, where upwards of 1,000 people are employed, 
and which is within one hundred yards of the farm offi¬ 
ces; and most farmers will be inclined to think that much 
of the fertility of the farm is due to the manure supplied 
by the village (which adjoins the farm), where this large 
family of human beings live.— Dumf. Cour. 
SHEEP ON THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
On the wild mountain ranges of Scotland, where the rug¬ 
gedness of the soil does not admit of cultivation, im¬ 
mense flocks of sheep are kept. In the late foreign pa¬ 
pers we notice an account of a ee club” formed by the 
farmers of a portion of this region, the object of which 
is to ascertain and record the prices of the cattle, sheep, 
and wool of the district during the past year, and to col¬ 
lect any other usefut information. We have undoubted¬ 
ly much land in this country now lying- waste, which 
might be appropriated to the grazing of sheep with as 
much profit as is yielded by these Scottish lands. The 
following extract will interest many of our readers: 
“ The usual calculation is that, in the North High¬ 
lands, five acres of pasturage are required for two sheep; 
whilst south of the Frith of Forth three acres will carry 
two sheep. Scarcely any hill pasture in Scotland, in its 
natural state, will carry one sheep to the acre. The ex¬ 
tent of land thus occupied by many farmers is immense 
many-of them counting “hirsels” to the number of 
from 3,000 to 5,000, and even 10,000, whilst some go 
much beyond this; Cameron, ofCorriehoyle, for instance, 
whose holding lies in the Lochiel country and away by 
Glencoe, counts his 40,000 bleaters on the wild mountain 
sides and deep valley-s of the far north. Mr. Cameron, 
who was once a common drover, may thus be reckoned 
as, next to Prince Esterhazy, the greatest flock-master in 
the world. Farms of the kind of which we are speak¬ 
ing, are nearly all let upon leases of nine or thirteen 
years, whilst the leases of the arable farms in Scotland 
run from 15 to 19 years. The locality of Mosspaul is 
wild, stern, and rugged—the “ Wisp” [name of a moun¬ 
tain] itself rising immediately behind the inn, to the 
height of 1,950 feet above the level of the sea, whilst 
<e Alps upon Alps arise,” all around closing in a narrow 
valley, at the foot of which there runs a mountain stream 
called the Ewes, and along w-hich lies the road to Edin¬ 
burgh, hemmed in on each side by immense hills, which 
rise almost perpendicularly, and strongly remind the pas¬ 
senger of the accounts he has read of the far-famed Ky- 
ber Pass. The inn of Mosspaul itself, a solitary dwel¬ 
ling amidst the mountains, stands at an elevation of 620 
feet above the level of the sea, and is built on the very 
confines of Roxburghshire—the stables, barns, &c , 
which adjoin being in the county of Dumfries. For 
miles and miles around and along the road, the property 
is owned by the Duke of Buccleugh, and is divided into 
holdings, such as we have already indicated—many- of 
the farmers being owners of from 3,000 to 5,000 sheep.’ 
BLIGHT IN PEAR-TREE. 
Dr. Mosher, of Cincinnati, has presented to the Horti¬ 
cultural Society of that city, a paper on this subject, in 
which he states his belief that the blight is caused by a 
species of aphis. He first examined with a lens the 
olackened leaves and branches, extending his observa¬ 
tions to the bark and wood, without discovering any satis¬ 
factory cause. He always cut off the affected branches, 
out no sooner was this done, than others were attacked in 
the same manner. At length, on examining some heal¬ 
thy branches, adjacent to those which were diseased, he 
discovered the enemy. The insects could hardly be seen 
by the naked eye, but by the aid of a lens, were magni¬ 
fied to the size of a quarter of an inch, and were busily 
engaged with their proboscis, feasting on the vital juices 
of the tree. The leaves, being thus deprived of the ne¬ 
cessary sap for nourishment and elaboration, soon per¬ 
ished and turned black by the heat of the sun, while all 
that part of the branch and trunk below, dependent upon 
the elaborated sap of the deadened leaves above, 
shrunk, turned black and dried up. The fruit became 
shrivelled, and shared the same fate. Dr. M. thinks the 
only remedy is to cut off the affected branches and burn 
them. Particular care is required to take off every limb 
on which the enemy can be found. Cutting off those 
which are already deadened, will be of little avail, as the 
insect has then begun depredating on other branches, 
though the consequences may not yet be obvious. 
HOLLOW HORN. 
A writer with the signature of “ Grazier ,” in the Lou 
isville Journal, describes very particularly a case of hol¬ 
low-horn in a cow. He has no doubt that the disease is 
occasioned by « hard keep.” He says he has frequently 
seen cattle bought from persons who had almost starved 
them, become fat, and to all appearance healthy; but 
would suddenly exhibit all the symptoms of the hollow 
horn. Boring the horns, he thinks is only a palliative, 
not a cure—as the matter in some cases cannot be dis¬ 
charged at a gimblet hole. Boring was tried in the case 
he speaks of, but without effect. The horns were finally 
cut off, and the cow got well. In conclusion, he says, 
“Hollow horn, if treated as above, will certainly be 
- cured, and the animal rendered as useful as ever, either 
for milk, for work, or for fat.” We would suggest whe¬ 
ther this is not rather a large conclusion to be drawn from 
a single case? We have known this remedy frequently 
tried, accompanied with all possible care/but without 
success. In desperate cases, no remedy is infallible. 
Preventives are best; but if animals become diseased, 
they should be attended to as soon as attacked. 
| —- 
RICHNESS OF MILK. &c. 
| A writer in the Louisville Journal, speaking of the ex¬ 
periments of Mr. Bement in making butter, given in the 
March number of the Cultivator, says: 
Mr. B. expresses surprise that a cow whose milk pro¬ 
duced little butter, as showed by the lactometer, or little 
cream, (I have forgot which,) made the fattest calf. A 
word as to the cause of this. Though not able to use 
technical terms or to give a chemical analysis of milk, I 
believe I can be understood. The component parts of, 
new milk, as far as dairy analysis shows them, are butters 
cheese, and whey; and in the milk of individual cows 
there is a wide difference in the proportions; and cowe 
that give little butter may make it up in cheese, andthoso 
that give little butter and little cheese in proportion tc 
their milk must make it up in whey. I do not recollect 
of ever seeing a comparative statement of the nutritive 
qualities of butler and cheese, but I have found in feed¬ 
ing calves from the bucket, instead of suckling, that the 
abstraction of the butter from the milk made less differ¬ 
ence than I had anticipeted, and that the substitution of 
a pound of molasses was an equivalent for every pouud 
of butter withdrawn. And I think it possible that a cow 
where the caseous part abounds in the milk is as likely 
to make a fat calf as one whose milk is composed of but 
teraceous matter and serum. 
No proper test has been found to prove the quality of 
milk, which, as it comes from the cow, is a little heavie: 
than water. The tube lactometer only shows the cream 
which does not determine the richness; and beads arfe 
useless, as water administered to new milk would lesse. T a 
its specific gravity and might be mistaken for cream. 
Orthography and Etymology .— <e Molasses,” says 
Webster, “ is an incorrect orthography of Melasses. 39 
The word is said by Bordley to have been derived from 
me/, honey, and assinus, an ass—from the circumstance 
of asses being used in grinding sugar-canes. 
