366 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
king districts m America. Of these defects, the principal 
arise from a too hurried manufacture, and insufficient 
pressing, which, by leaving the whey in the cheese, not 
only injures the flavor, but renders it more liable to de¬ 
cay, while the same cause makes it open and porous, a 
fault particularly objectionable. The make of English 
cheese has never been equal to the demand of this coun¬ 
try; and the home supplies have, consequently, been sup¬ 
plemented by large yearly imports of Dutch. There is 
now, however, every prospect of the required supplies 
being drawn largely, if not principally, from the United 
States instead of Holland; the diminishing import from 
the one, and the rapidly increasing import from the other, 
already indicating such a change. As regards the form 
of the cheese, it is desirable that they be made of less 
breadth and greater depth or thickness, which would 
both conform them nearly to the appearance of Che¬ 
shire, with which they have to compete, and would also 
fit them better for passing through the ordeal of a long 
sea voyage.” 
Wheat flour.—The result of the harvest is now pretty 
well ascertained, and it may be said with confidence, 
with regard to wheat, the great staple of England, there 
has never been a more abundant harvest reaped, 'while 
the excellence of the quality is fully equal to the abun¬ 
dance of the yield. Oats rank next, but are below 
an average. Barley and beans, in consequence of the 
drouth, were a very short crop. The abundance of the 
wheat crop will, however, compensate for the deficiency 
in the other, and low rales for that article at least, may 
be looked for. The reduction in price has already ad¬ 
vanced the duty to its highest point, 20 shillings per qr., 
and at which it is likely to remain through the winter, so 
that the stock of United States flour held in England, and 
which in Liverpool alone amounts to 140,000 barrels, 
must remain in bond till next summer at least, with the 
exception of what may be required for export. The re¬ 
sult, so far, of this season’s importation from Canada, 
shows that the object contemplated by Peel’s corn-bill 
of last year has been fully secured, in drawing to the river 
St. Lawrence a considerable 'portion of the produce of the 
Western States of America. A late return shows that the 
exports from Canada, up to August this season, were 
307,000 barrels flour, 237,000 bushels wheat—the ex¬ 
ports to the same period of last season having been 
50,000 barrels flour, and 15,000 bushels wheat. 
Agricultural College.— An Agricultural College is 
about to be opened at Leopardstown, near Dublin. The 
farm consists of 200 Irish acres of land, of medium qual¬ 
ity. The terms for pupils in the Agricultural .School 
will be £15 per annum, for which they will receive a 
suitable education; they will be engaged one-half of 
each day at farm-work, under the superintendence of the 
best practical and scientific agriculturist that can be ob¬ 
tained, and during the other half in the school, over 
which a teacher of like ability will preside. 
Comparative advantages of Oxen and Horses in 
farm work. —We find in the Journal of the Royal Ag¬ 
ricultural Society, an interesting and well written article 
on this subject, by James Cowie, from which we gather 
the following items. Mr. Cowie's oxen are put to work 
somewhat older than horses, and he thinks they are not 
at the outset so able for steady work; they cannot be de 
pended on before they are four years old. His oxen are 
principally of the Angus and Aberdeenshire breeds. The 
peculiarities in their figure are, a small head, deep chest 
round body and short legs. The largest sizes, although 
frequently selected for work, are not considered the most 
proper. His oxen average about 800 lbs., the four quar¬ 
ters, when fattened. When much heavier, it is found 
they want activity and endurance, and their feet, from the 
additional weight, are more apt to give way. In regard 
to the work performed relatively by horses and oxen, 
Mr. C. says that except in frost, when land cannot be 
plowed, the amount and value of the work performed by 
each are equal. He works his oxen 10 hours a day, as 
steadily all the year over, except in frost, as horses, and 
they keep in perfectly good condition. In regard to the 
relative speed of oxen, Mr. C.says—“ we often see oxen 
going very slow and sluggardly at work. When well 
trained, and of a proper breed and size, they will step out 
as well and as fast ashorses—mine do so. At a late plow¬ 
ing match in the district, where upwards of 70 plows 
started, my ox-team was the second off’the field.” 
In regard to improvements in husbandry, Mr. Cowie 
gives the following striking example. He says—“ The 
farm which I occupy has been tenanted by my ancestors 
for many generations. At the Revolution, my great 
grandfather, and his son, for many years after that, em¬ 
ployed 12 working horses, and 28 working oxen, one- 
half of each set being yoked to one plow. I now work 
the same land to better purpose, I presume, with six hor¬ 
ses and two oxen.” 
Indian Corn in England. —In the New Farmer’s 
Journal, a correspondent who signs himself “ A Man of 
Kent,” states that ever since 1829, he has succeeded in 
gro wing Indian corn, and having it come to maturity. The 
kind is Cobbett’s yellow, or what is called here, Canada 
Yellow or Yellow Flint. The writer says—“ I am sure 
that quantity for quantity, corn is, as food for horses, 
equal to beans, without possessing their heating proper¬ 
ty; for pigs and poultry, superior to the very best barley; 
for sheep, very superior to oats; and for bullocks, better, 
I think, than any thing, oil cake excepted.” Green corn 
for the table, he recommends highly; but hopes the peo¬ 
ple of England will never be obliged to resort to the use 
of corn for bread. Corn, as a general crop, can never be 
grown in England; the low temperature of their summer 
forbids it. 
Advantage of keeping manure covered. —An experiment 
conducted by the President of an Agricultural Society in 
England, shows that manure which was kept covered by 
nine inches in depth with earth, so that no evaporation 
escaped, produced four burhels more of grain per acre, 
than the same quantity and kind of manure, applied to 
ihe same extent and quantity of land, but which had lain 
from the 13th Jan. to the 4th of April, exposed to the 
weather. 
Great crop of Barley. —An English paper says that 
John Stokes, Esq. of Cuffern, has produced this year, from 
half an acre of ground, 45 Winchester bushels of clean 
barley, fit for the market. 
Parisian Statistics. —The consumption of butchers’ 
meat in Paris during the month of September last, com¬ 
prised 5,759 oxen, 1,577 cows, 5,861 calves, 34,7U7 
sheep; being a diminution, compared with the month of 
September, 1843, of 222 oxen, 1,143 calves, and 3,356 
sheep. The consumption of butchers’ meat in Paris du- 
jring the month of September, 1843, exhibited a similar 
proportionate reduction compared with the month of 
September, 1842, so that it would appear that the con¬ 
sumption of butcher’s meat in Paris is gradually dimin¬ 
ishing. 
Bees.— A bee hive, which was opened by Swammer 
dam, was found to contain 1 queen bee, 33 males or 
drones, 5,635 working bees, 45 eggs, and 150 worms. 
Total population, 5,864; for whose accommodation there 
were 3,392 wax cells for the us.e of the working bees, 
62 cells containing bees’ bread, and 236 cells in which 
honey had been deposited; in all, 3,620 cells. From 
this observation it may be presumed the hives contain 5,000 
to 6,000 inhabitants, amongst which there is only one fe¬ 
male, viz., the queen bee, and from 3,000 to 4,000 cells. 
Horticultural Curiosity.— A curious device was 
exhibited at the Bristol Horticultural Society last week. 
It was a donkey carrying an old woman to market, the 
animal covered with a kind of grass, the exact color of a 
donkey’s coat, and the rider composed entirely of vege¬ 
tables. 
Sowing Wheat. —August, 1843, one quarter of an 
acre of a very gravelly soil—in a hot summer produced 
but little—was, after peas, plowed 4 times in the same 
day with six horses, 15 inches deep; dibbled with wheat 
in October, produced at the rate of 5 bushels 3 pecks per 
per acre more than the land by the side of it, plowed 
in the usual way for wheat 5 inches deep. Straw 3 3-4 
cwt. per acre more than the adjoining land of the same 
measure and same soil. 
The Best Russian Horses. —The Orloff breed—the 
most renowned in Russia, especially the Orlolf trotters—. 
are very large in size, and from the age of one year., are 
