THE CULTIVATOR. 
379 
the Spanish or Portuguese dominions.* This is distinct¬ 
ly asserted or confirmed in every one of the above certifi¬ 
cates. This Spanish pedigree named them as Paulars, as 
appears by the testimony of all the witnesses save one, 
whose omission to mention the fact was doubtless casual 
or accidental, and Gen. Barnum distinctly recollects that 
they were stated to be from the flock of Manuel Godoy, 
Prince of Peace. Rockwood recollects with equal dis¬ 
tinctness, that Bedell was in the habit of asserting that 
the Spanish pedigree described them as from the flock of 
Godoy, at a time when that pedigree was in existence, 
and open to the inspection of any one. This personage 
was, until his effects were confiscated, the proprietor of 
the Paular flock. Gov. Jennison and Mr. Rock wood 
mention that Mr. Bedell was in the uniform habit of call¬ 
ing his sheep Paulars, and this was at a time when this 
name would probably have attached little, if any addi¬ 
tional value to them, in the minds of sheep breeders. 
Judge Lawrence distinctly recollects that Cock purcha¬ 
sed thirty Paulars, at one time, of the importer—more 
than one-third of all the imported sheep ever purchased 
by him. 
The original Spanish pedigree was delivered by Cock 
to Rich and Bedell, as the pedigree of the sheep purchased 
by them. That certificate described marks and certain 
rings in the ears, &c., which corresponded with those borne 
by the sheep delivered. Now if the sheep so delivered, 
were not the identical sheep described in the Spanish pe¬ 
digree, and their descendants, Andrew Cock must have 
forged their distinctive marks, in imitation of the genu¬ 
ine Spanish marks, and thus been guilty not only of gross 
fraud, but of what would clearly constitute the crime of 
swindling. Judge Lawrence's statement shows how far 
such a supposition is reconcilable to his character. We 
have it then proved by the best testimony which the case 
admits of, testimony which is entirely conclusive, that 
Cock sold and delivered to Messrs. Rich and Bedell, not 
only pure Merino sheep, but pure Paular Merino sheep. 
The certificate of John T. Rich shows that the part of 
the flock inherited by him, has been preserved pure from 
its purchase of Cock down to the present day, (a few of 
them latterly having been crossed with rams of Consul 
Jarvis’s importation,) and now amounts to 500. It would 
have been an insult to this gentleman's high and unex- 
ceptionable character to have published the endorsement 
of it, contained in the certificate of his intimate friend 
Governor Jennison, were it not that his statements were 
to be read far from his native state and the circle of his 
acquaintance. That Bedell also preserved his flock pure 
from the time of its purchase to the time of his death, is 
proved by the individual w T ho had charge of it during 
that entire period; by Bedell’s successor on the farm, 
who was constantly acquainted with that flock, and as¬ 
sisted in shearing it 12 out of the 15 years during which 
Bedell lived after he purchased it; by Rock wood, and 
finally by his near neighbor Gov. Jennison, who fully 
confirms the testimony, on this point, of all the other 
witnesses. 
Besides the purchase of 80 ewes of the Cock stock by 
S. W. Jewett, alluded to in C. A. Hurlbert’s certificate, I 
have lying before me the statements of various other 
purchases, by the same gentleman, from both the Bedell 
and Rich branch of the same stock, which it is not neces¬ 
sary to publish. Mr. Jewett’s certificate of the pedigree, 
&c., of the ewes exhibited by me, is as follows: 
Weybridge, -, 1844. 
I have this day sold Henry S. Randall, of Cortlandville, N. Y., for 
the sum of $200, eight yearling pure bred Spanish Merino ewes, being 
the choice of my entire flock. Said ewes were got by my buck For¬ 
tune, dams ewes of the Rich stock, and they have a half penny taken 
from the under side of the right ear. Their fleeces averaged 5 pounds 
of washed wool, and the four accompanying samples! were taken from 
tour of them. S, w. JEWETT. 
The pedigree of Fortune’s dam has been given in Mr. 
Rich’s statement above; that of his sire is thus stated by 
his breeder 
* This original certificate is not now probably in existence. Bedell 
was in the habit of carrying it much about with him, and frequently 
exhibiting it. It was probably worn out, or lost. 
t These were shown with the sheep at the State Fair, and I should 
now forward them, accompanying this, had they not been accidentally 
mislaid. 
II erroneously stated in the Jan. Cultivator that Fortune was bred 
by Mr. Jewett 
Statement of Tyler Stickmy } Esq. 
The ram which was the sire of Mr. Jewett’s buck Fortune, 1 purcha¬ 
sed of Consul Jarvis, of Weathersfield, in the year 1835. He sold the 
same to me for a pure Spanish Merino ram—ear mark, a notcli under 
each ear. TYLER STICKNEY. 
Middlebury, 1844. 
No authentication of this statement is deemed necessa¬ 
ry, as probably there is not a sheep breeder within fifty 
miles of Middlebury, who is not perfectly conversant 
with the history of this wonderful ram. 
The history of Consul Jarvis’ importation, and his for¬ 
mal attestations of the purity of the rams sold by him, 
would unreasonably extend the limits o.f this communi¬ 
cation, and probably they are not necessary, to the full 
substantiation of the pedigrees. He is yet alive; and the 
his.tory of his importations will be found in a letter ad¬ 
dressed to me in the first vol. of the Transactions of the 
N. Y. State Agricultural Society, page 320. 
As I have already remarked, I have other strains of 
blood in my flock, some entirely distinct from the above, 
some a mixture between the above and other distinct 
strains. Their pedigrees are equally susceptible of 
proof with the above, and are always open to inspection. 
Yours respectfully, Henry S. Randall. 
Cortland Village , Nov. 1844. 
ORIGIN OF GUANO. 
Concerning the extraordinary fertilizer which is now 
exciting wide-spread interest in the agricultural world, 
(and we may add, in the commercial world also, seeing 
that so many vessels are employed in the traffic,) we are 
indebted to Dr. James Eights of Albany, for the follow¬ 
ing memoranda. The opportunities for observation pre¬ 
sented by the Expedition —the first American Exploring 
Expedition—-in which he was employed as Naturalist, 
certainly furnished ample scope for judgment on the sub¬ 
ject to which Dr. Eights refers: 
“ Much has recently been said,” observes Dr. Eights, 
u and various have been the conjectures respecting the 
origin of the justly popular manure termed ‘ Guano, 5 
brought in such vast quantities from the numerous Is¬ 
lands and headlands of the African and South American 
coasts; but little or nothing of a definite nature has as yet 
I believe, appeared in print. All writers on the subject, 
however, seem to agree in considering it to be the pro¬ 
duction of some piscivorous birds. 
As much uncertainty seems yet to prevail, permit me 
to cast my faggot on the pile, by offering to such of your 
readers whom it may concern, the substance of some ex¬ 
tracts taken from my notes of a voyage, made several 
years since to the South Atlantic, Antartic and Pacific 
Oceans; and likewise, some remarks from personal ob¬ 
servations of at lenst one of the birds that largely contri¬ 
bute to its formation. 
Being moored at the Island of St. Mary’s on the coast 
of Chili, (latitude 37 south,) I was at an early hour in the 
morning, called on deck to witness the flight of “ Shags,” 
(Phalacrocorax graculus) on one of their fishing excur¬ 
sions to the sea; they appeared in such prodigious num¬ 
bers, that the whole surface of the heavens was almost 
entirely obliterated from the sight; flying in irregularly 
formed streams from the main land, from the breadth of 
but a few feet to that of more than a mile the whole 
way, extending in a north and south direction along the 
coast as far as the eye had vision, strikingly bringing to 
my recollection the highly interesting descriptions of 
Wilson and Audubon, of the multitude of wild pigeons in 
some of our western States. They continued in an almost 
unceasing flight from the time they were first observed, 
until we were summoned to our mid-day meal, after 
which time I paid no further attention to their progress. 
The favorite resting places of these birds, were the 
southern headland of the Island, which arose in a preci- 
Ipitious manner from the waters of the sea to an elevation 
of about ninety feet above its surface, and likewise on the 
summits of the numerous rocky islets which were every 
where scattered about in its vicinity. Upon examination, 
these resting places were found to be entirely covered by 
well characterized Guano, but so firmly compact, and the 
surface of the rock so completely besmeared with the 
