50 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Feb. 
productiveness of the fields; and this again increased 
the facilities for making manure. His farm is now pro¬ 
ductive, und with ease he lays by a handsome sum an¬ 
nually, from the products of his dairy. 
The Piggery —The excellent arrangements for the 
swine, and the ingenuity of Judge Hayes in his manu¬ 
facture of manure from this source, are so much better 
described by himself than I can do it, that I quote his 
own remarks:— 
“ My hog stye is seventy feet long and seventeen 
feet wide. There is one aisle on one side, and seven 
partitions for hogs on the other. A place for dressing 
the hogs, and kettle for cooking their food, are in the 
centre. Doors are so placed that the swine maybe re¬ 
moved from one apartment to the other, and to the 
area for dressing them. There is a row of yards on the 
side of the stye, one for each apartment. The doors 
leading to these yards are hung at the top, so as to 
swing either way, and thus the hogs may go in or out 
at their pleasure, and always have their doors, when 
desirable, closed after them. These doors should be 
made of plank or double boards, to render them so hea¬ 
vy that the wind will not keep them open in cold sto.-- 
my weather. The hog is proverbially called a dirty 
animal. This depends very much on his education. 
If he has been brought up with dirty habits, he will 
continue in them, unless great pains are taken to change 
them. But on the contrary, if he has acquired good 
habits, he will endure great suffering to avoid a filthy 
action. Hogs in this land of barren soil are especially 
valuable for making manure. I could never obtain 
much advantage from the rooting of well fed swine ; 
but the quantity of urine they discharge is very great 
and valuable. It is very important that the evacua¬ 
tions of the hog should always be deposited on the ma¬ 
nure heap. If they are discharged in the stye or in his 
nest, they will be principally lost. Now by observing 
the regular habits of this animal, and taking a little 
pains, a bad habit in this respect may soon be cured. 
The confined hog always goes to a wet place to make 
his evacuations. If then, you wish the hog to change 
his place for doing this, dig a small, hollow place in 
the manure heap, and keep it wet for a few days by 
turning in water occasionally; at the same time make the 
place clean and dry which you wish him to abandon. 
He will then probably go to the wet place in the ma¬ 
nure yard to make his deposites; but if he should not 
do so, fasten him out from the stye for a few days, so 
that he shall be compelled to go to the desired place, 
keeping the place you wish him to abandon, clean and 
dry in the mean time, and you will, without fail accom¬ 
plish your object. This to some, will appear a low, 
trifling subject to write about, but the farmer, to thrive, 
must attend to small concerns. I usually keep ten old 
hogs on my farm, and pigs to supply their place. They 
are fed with the waste of the kitchen, dairy, and with 
boiled roots, apples and some meal.” 
We are informed that it is a proverb with the Flem¬ 
ish farmer, that u manure is the god of agriculture;” 
and with the Scottish farmer, that u muck (manure,) is 
the mother of the meal chest.” These.are strong and 
significant expressions; but one seems to find them 
pretty fully realised in the husbandry of Judge Hayes. 
In my next communication, I propose to continue 
my sketches of this gentleman’s farming, under the fol¬ 
lowing heads: 
1st. Management of the Arable Land 
2d. Improvement by Mixing Soils. 
3d. Improvement of the Pastures. 
4th. Draining and reclaiming Wet Lands. 
Brattlchoro\ Vt. Dec. 25, 1848. F. Holbrook. 
One house in New-York, shipped on one day recently, 
983,445 lbs. cheese for Europe, valued at $63,841. 
®t )t ijpoiilirg ®ctriL 
Varieties of the Domestic Fowl* 
In our last, we described several of the original 
stocks and wild species of the fowl. The domestic va¬ 
rieties which have sprung from these, are very numer¬ 
ous—a circumstance which need create little surprise, 
when it is considered that the bird has been in a state 
of subjugation for several thousand years, and has pas¬ 
sed from one country to another over the principal por¬ 
tion of the globe. 
Game Fowl. —Of the domesticated breeds which 
are believed to retain in a striking degree their original 
characters, the game fowl, fig. 15, is entitled to the 
first rank. Martin, in his late work, as we have al¬ 
ready quoted, (see last number,) conjectures that the 
beautiful variety of the game fowl called the “ black- 
breasted red,” may have been derived from a species 
of India jungle fowl. He further mentions that u the 
15 —GAMS COCK. 
Earl of Derby possesses a breed which has been in 
possession of that noble family for many genera¬ 
tions, and which is sedulously preserved from base al¬ 
loy. It is a black-breasted red, with a purple band 
across the wing, and though superior in size to the Ban- 
kiva jungle-fowl, it closely resembles that bird in plu¬ 
mage and in elegance of contour.” 
Although the fowl was found in a domestic state in 
Britain, at the time of the Roman conquest, it 
is probable that the game breed was introduced after 
that event. Martin remarks that the ancient Greeks- 
possessed several renowned breeds of game fowls, and 
that Media and Persia possessed others of first rate ex¬ 
cellence; but he thinks it probable that this breed was 
introduced by the Romans, who are supposed to have 
derived it from the Persians, when Britain was a Ro¬ 
man colony. 
But whatever may have been the way in which the 
game fowl was carried into- England, it has long been 
there cultivated with such care, and has attained such 
perfection, that it has been by some naturalists express¬ 
ly denominated u the English Fowl.” 
Formerly, the great inducement for keeping the game 
fowl, was its employment in cock-fighting, a barbarous 
sport, which has for several years been forbidden by 
law in England, and several parts of this country; but 
the breed is still preserved by many, not, as has been 
observed, £ * for fighting, but for its beauty, its purity, 
and ancient lineage. ” 
There are several varieties of the game fowl, each of 
which has or has had its admirers and patrons. The 
points which distinguish the best, are given as follows 
